How do people perceive the agreement among experts?4 answersPeople's perceptions of agreement among experts are influenced by a variety of factors, including the nature of the issue at hand, the perceived cohesiveness of the expert group, and the individual's own beliefs and biases. For non-controversial issues, high levels of expert agreement tend to be more persuasive, mediated by the perceived unity of the expert group. However, for controversial issues, higher levels of agreement can be less persuasive if the composition of the group aligns with the perceiver's assumptions about group bias, such as political affiliations, unless explicitly stated otherwise. The concept of expert consensus itself is nuanced, with historical examples showing that consensus does not necessarily equate to correctness, and the definitions of both 'consensus' and 'expert' can be contentious.
Journalistic practices like "false balance," where conflicting viewpoints are presented equally regardless of the consensus magnitude, can distort public perceptions of expert agreement, leading to underestimation of consensus on high-consensus issues. People's attributions for expert disputes vary with their level of education and self-reported knowledge, affecting their trust in expert opinions. Individuals also tend to perceive bias in authorities based on the alignment of the authority's views with their own and the authority's credentials.
Consensus conferences aim to develop recognized standards and guidelines, but the impact of these reports can vary, and their conclusions may be controversial among experts. Disagreements among experts can stem from various sources, including differences in problem definitions, information access, and organizing principles. Effective decision-making in groups of specialists requires the development of shared mental models to overcome communication barriers and refine judgments. Agreement among experts on species classification in ecological research, for example, can be moderate and influenced by image characteristics, highlighting the challenges in achieving reliable consensus even among specialists. Finally, agreement between expert and respondent perceptions of occupational exposure shows that personal factors, such as occupational status and age, can influence perceptions of expert agreement.
What are the factors that influence perceptual judgments?4 answersPerceptual judgments are influenced by various factors. The language spoken by talkers has a significant impact on how voices are perceived, although the effect tends to be small. Motor costs associated with a specific action can bias perceptual decisions, even beyond the context of that action. The application of a synthesizer, the voice of the speaker, and the size of the speech corpus also play a role in perceptual judgments. Recurrent input from motor to sensory cortices and the modulation of ambient GABA levels contribute to accurate perceptual judgments. Reward information can also influence perceptual choice by modulating decision-making processes. These factors collectively shape how individuals perceive and make judgments about sensory stimuli.
To what extent do interdisciplinary perceptions depend on knowledge of different areas?5 answersInterdisciplinary perceptions depend on knowledge of different areas to a significant extent. The ability to exchange knowledge and adopt different perspectives is crucial in interdisciplinary work contexts. Interdisciplinary research benefits from multiple perspectives and expertise from different disciplines. The value of interdisciplinary perspectives is indisputable, and it is necessary to fully capitalize on the differences that bring creative research products. Interdisciplinary competency and the ability to solve complex problems can be promoted through academic education. However, there are challenges in designing interdisciplinary education due to different interpretations of interdisciplinary education and a lack of practical guidelines. Communication and collaboration skills are important interdisciplinary skills, but their assessment is still in its infancy. Overall, interdisciplinary perceptions depend on the knowledge and understanding of different areas, as well as the ability to integrate and apply that knowledge in interdisciplinary contexts.
What are the factors that influence the perception of athletic performance?5 answersFactors that influence the perception of athletic performance include situational factors, external factors, personality factors, self-related factors, and environment-related factors. Situational factors refer to the specific circumstances or conditions in which the athlete is performing, such as the importance of competition and the perception of resting and feeding habits. External factors are variables outside of the athlete's control or conscious decision, such as the playing environment and the team environment. Personality factors, including traits like personality, health, skills, and experience, can also influence athletic performance. Self-related factors encompass aspects of the athlete's own characteristics and abilities, while environment-related factors involve factors related to the athlete's surroundings, such as development opportunities, operations, and personnel. These various factors interact to shape an athlete's perception of their performance and can impact their overall athletic performance.
Is there a difference in confidence between novices and experts?5 answersNovices and experts differ in their confidence levels. In a study on forensic decision-making, it was found that students, who can be considered novices, were more confident in their first impression of the crime scene. On the other hand, experts did not necessarily outperform novices in terms of confidence. Another study on acquiring motor skills found that the relative contributions of neural structures shift over the course of learning, indicating a difference in confidence between novices and experts. Additionally, in a research on competitive computer games, it was observed that expert players had a wider gaze range compared to novices, suggesting a difference in confidence levels.
How does experts' advice accuracy impact their credebility?3 answersExperts' advice accuracy has a significant impact on their credibility. When experts provide accurate advice, their credibility increases as they demonstrate their competence and knowledge in the subject matter. This can enhance their reputation and make them more trustworthy in the eyes of advisees. On the other hand, if experts provide inaccurate or unreliable advice, their credibility may be diminished, and advisees may be less likely to trust their future recommendations. The accuracy of experts' advice is crucial in maintaining their credibility and reputation in their respective fields.