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What is a good survey instrument to measure undertanding of current events? 


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A suitable survey instrument for measuring understanding of current events could be a device incorporating a protective cover with a magnetic conduction ring and Hall element for accurate current measurement . To ensure environmental robustness and ease of observation, the instrument could feature a movable carriage housing a transceiving part, signal processing unit, and image display component, all designed for detachability and adjustability . Additionally, incorporating a GPS antenna that is positioned away from the mechanical center point of the instrument, with calculations based on relative positions and orientations, can enhance accuracy in determining the instrument's location . By directly measuring variations in surface potential differences caused by alternating currents, while avoiding quantization errors, the instrument can precisely identify substances in the ground .

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Koji Shibahara, Osamu Matsumoto 
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