What is the impact of moisture in rice grain?5 answersMoisture content significantly impacts various aspects of rice grain quality and properties. Studies have shown that moisture levels affect rice grain moisture sensing, yield, nutrient uptake, and harvest index. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of rice starch are altered by moisture treatments, affecting extraction yield and gelatinization enthalpy. Physical properties of rice grains, such as size, sphericity, and bulk density, are also influenced by moisture content, with different varieties showing varying responses. Furthermore, moisture management practices, like dry-wet alternate irrigation, have been found to impact root growth, root physiology, and ultimately rice grain yield under no tillage conditions. Overall, moisture plays a crucial role in determining the quality, yield, and characteristics of rice grains throughout production, storage, and processing.
How can rice drying process affect the worker health in rice mills?4 answersThe rice drying process in mills can impact worker health due to exposure to dust and particulate matter. Dust exposure in rice mills has been linked to a high prevalence of respiratory diseases among workers, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and interstitial lung disease. Additionally, the presence of PM10 particles, a component of dust, has been associated with lung dysfunction in rice mill workers, with high concentrations increasing the risk significantly. Furthermore, unprotected exposure to suspended particles during rice processing can lead to respiratory morbidities and musculoskeletal discomfort among workers, especially loaders, emphasizing the importance of proper ventilation and personal protective equipment (PPE) in mitigating health risks. Overall, optimizing working conditions, implementing PPE usage, and ensuring proper ventilation are crucial for safeguarding the health of rice mill workers during the drying process.
How does quality of rice seeds affect the yield?4 answersThe quality of rice seeds has a significant impact on the yield. Different factors such as seed yield, germination, seedling vigour, physical purity, field emergence, and accelerated ageing test are used to assess seed quality. Studies have shown that certain planting systems, such as aerobic rice, can result in higher seed yield and better seed quality parameters. Additionally, the seeding rate and nitrogen application as panicle fertilizer can also affect grain yield and quality. Optimum seeding rates vary with different rice cultivars, and excessive seeding rates can decrease processing quality, appearance quality, and taste value. Furthermore, the structure and composition of rice seeds, including the spikelet hull, endosperm, and other substances, play a crucial role in determining grain quality traits. Assimilate transport and nutrient utilization efficiency are key factors underlying higher yield and quality traits in rice varieties with ultra-high yields. Understanding the genes and their functions in regulating rice seed structure and composition can contribute to the breeding of high-quality rice.
What affects the rice trade?4 answersThe factors that affect the rice trade include production, distance, income, and trade agreements. Changes in country shares of global rice exports are influenced by government policies, competitiveness of trading partners, and adaptation to changes in the geographical structure of the marketplace. Climate change has a significant impact on rice yield, leading to changes in production, price, trade, and self-sufficiency. Market practices, such as distribution and sale through a network of brokers, wholesalers, and retailers, as well as factors like season, region, buyer-seller relationship, transport/distance, and handling costs, also affect rice trade. Additionally, the water footprint in rice production and export plays a role in trade, with virtual water trade being influenced by water demand, crop type, water harvesting structures, and agronomic practices.
How does the thousand grain weight of rice affect the yield?5 answersThe thousand grain weight (TGW) of rice directly affects the yield of rice. Increasing TGW can help increase rice grain yield, which is important for addressing global food shortage. Grain size, including length, width, and thickness, is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes such as GS3, GS5, GW8/OsSPL16, BG2, GS6, GS2, and TGW3. Different allele combinations of these genes have significant effects on rice grain size and weight. QTLs related to grain size are distributed on various chromosomes, including chromosomes 2, 3, 5, 10, and 11. The gene GSW3 negatively regulates grain length, width, and TGW, and its expression levels are correlated with grain size variation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying grain weight and size can optimize strategies for improving yield production. Leveraging gene editing technologies and structural studies can also contribute to future rice breeding applications.
Does the wet season have an effect on the drying of grain?5 answersThe wet season does have an effect on the drying of grain. One paper describes a grain drying barn that is not affected by the weather, improving grain drying efficiency. Another paper discusses a grain drying system that ensures the dryness of the granary body even in cloudy and rainy days, with high heating efficiency. Additionally, a device for drying wet grain includes a mechanism to vaporize water content, indicating the need to remove moisture from the grain. Furthermore, a grain drying system uses a temperature control system to effectively operate and achieve drying effect. Lastly, a grain drying device is designed to achieve rapid and efficient drying of grains, preventing the impact of weather conditions.