What is IL18doing?
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IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses . It is involved in host defense against infections and regulates the innate and acquired immune response . IL-18 can induce inflammatory and cytotoxic immune cell activities, leading to autoimmunity . Elevated levels of IL-18 have been reported in patients with immune-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease . IL-18 is also implicated in the cytokine storm observed in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection . IL-18 blockade has been explored as a therapeutic target in IL-18-mediated diseases and may have potential as a treatment option for COVID-19 .
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62 Citations | IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates both T helper 1 and Th2 responses and plays a role in the cytokine storm associated with infections. IL-18 blockade is being explored as a potential therapeutic option for COVID-19. |
01 Nov 2022 | IL18 is a proinflammatory cytokine secreted by monocytes and macrophages to promote T and NK cells activation. |
| IL18 is a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses. | |
| IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in host defense against infections and regulates the innate and acquired immune response. It can induce inflammatory and cytotoxic immune cell activities leading to autoimmunity. | |
| IL18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that modulates innate and adaptive immune responses. |
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How does il-18 influence cd 8 t cell exhaustion?4 answersIL-18 influences CD8+ T cell exhaustion by signaling through the IL-18 receptor (IL-18R). In a murine pancreatic cancer model, adoptive transfer of IL-18R-deficient CD8+ T cells resulted in enhanced rejection of tumors, compared to wild-type CD8+ T cells. IL-18R-deficient CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of effector cytokines and had reduced expression of coinhibitory receptors and transcription factors associated with T cell exhaustion. IL-18R-induced T cell exhaustion was regulated by IL-2/STAT5 and AKT/mTOR pathways. Mice deficient in NLRP3, the molecular complex activating IL-18, also showed decreased expression of coinhibitory receptors on intratumoral T cells, suggesting an involvement of an NLRP3-expressing tumor microenvironment in mediating IL-18 release. These findings indicate that IL-18R signaling plays a role in regulating intratumoral T cell exhaustion and may be a potential target for immunotherapy.
What is IL-6?5 answersIL-6 is an interleukin that functions as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. It is produced in response to tissue injury and infections, and is one of the key cytokines released by stimulated macrophages. IL-6 is involved in immune responses, inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, and embryonic development. It plays a role in chronic inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and the cytokine storm observed in COVID-19. IL-6 signaling is mediated by the IL-6 receptor and the signal-transducing subunit molecule gp130, and can occur through classic signaling, trans-signaling, or trans-presentation pathways. Dysregulation of IL-6 signaling can lead to inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, as well as cancer development. Therapeutic agents targeting IL-6 or its signaling pathways, such as tocilizumab and siltuximab, have been approved for the treatment of certain diseases.
What is IL 6?5 answersIL-6 is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in various immunological processes and is involved in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. It has been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease, and high levels of IL-6 have been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. IL-6 is also involved in cancer biology, particularly in cancer cell invasiveness and metastasis formation, making it a potential target for cancer treatment. Additionally, IL-6 is produced in response to tissue damage and infections, and its role in viral infections is still debatable, with some studies suggesting a beneficial immune response and others linking it to exacerbation of viral disease. IL-6 is also relevant in the context of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and targeting its signaling pathway has shown promise in the treatment of such conditions. In the case of COVID-19, IL-6 levels may be considered for diagnosis, follow-up, and as a target for treatment.
What is IL-6?4 answersStep 1:
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various biological processes, including inflammation, immune response, cancer, and viral infections. It can signal through membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (classic signaling) or via soluble forms of the IL-6R (trans-signaling), with different implications for pro-inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory functions. IL-6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, and it is considered a potential target in anti-tumor therapy, particularly for metastasis suppression in cancer. Additionally, IL-6 has been associated with exacerbation of clinical disease during certain viral infections, indicating its complex role in immune response modulation.
Step 3:
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in various biological processes, including inflammation, immune response, cancer, and viral infections. It can signal through membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (classic signaling) or via soluble forms of the IL-6R (trans-signaling), with different implications for pro-inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory functions. IL-6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, and it is considered a potential target in anti-tumor therapy, particularly for metastasis suppression in cancer. Additionally, IL-6 has been associated with exacerbation of clinical disease during certain viral infections, indicating its complex role in immune response modulation.
What is IL-18 gene and what is the role in intestinal immune responses?3 answersIL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a role in regulating immune responses, including intestinal immune responses. It is structurally similar to IL-1β and promotes the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and induces a Th1 response. IL-18 acts synergistically with IL-12 to induce the production of IFN-γ as a Th1 cytokine. It also regulates T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 responses and can induce Th2 cytokine production from CD4+ T cells, NK cells, NKT cells, and Th1 cells. IL-18 has been studied in the context of inflammatory kidney diseases and its association with renal injury in COVID-19. In addition, IL-18 has been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, myocardial function, metabolic syndromes, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute kidney injury. The IL-18 signaling cascade is considered important for maintaining gut homeostasis and its deregulation has been linked to inflammatory bowel disease.