What is pm2.5?
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PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter pollutants with a diameter less than 2.5 microns, originating from various sources like combustion of organic materials such as fossil fuels and forest fires . Exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to adverse health effects, including respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and even cancer . Studies have shown that PM2.5 exposure can lead to systemic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, and biased hematopoiesis towards myeloid lineage, increasing the risk of diseases . Furthermore, PM2.5 can induce cellular inflammatory injury through oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses in lung cells . Notably, PM2.5 exposure has been associated with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, potentially through alterations in adenosine triphosphate levels, highlighting a key mechanism in PM2.5-induced inflammation .
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| Papers (5) | Insight |
|---|---|
| PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter, a common air pollutant. It induces inflammatory responses through oxidative stress-mediated mitophagy in human bronchial epithelial cells, as shown in the study. | |
| PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter in the air, a major pollutant linked to NLRP3 inflammasome activation through ATP alterations, potentially impacting diseases like COVID-19. | |
| PM2.5 refers to particulate matter 2.5, a risk factor for lung cancer. It activates AhR-TMPRSS2-IL18 pathway, promoting lung cancer progression through EGFR activation and cell proliferation. | |
11 Nov 2022 | PM2.5 refers to particulate matter pollutants with a diameter less than 2.5 microns, originating from combustion processes like fossil fuel burning and forest fires, posing severe health risks due to their small size. |
| PM2.5 refers to fine particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm, which can induce NRF2-dependent myeloid-biased hematopoiesis, leading to systemic inflammatory cells and associated disease risks in mice. |
Related Questions
How the PM2.5 distribution affects the human health?4 answersPM2.5 distribution has significant effects on human health. Short- and long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lung cancer, stroke, pneumonia, depression, and diabetes. The small size of PM2.5 particles allows them to easily penetrate the respiratory system and enter the bloodstream, leading to various pathologies including ischaemic heart disease, respiratory infections, and lung cancers. Urban form indexes such as land use functionality, landscape pattern, and development intensity can influence the distribution of PM2.5 concentration in urban areas. Exposure to PM2.5 pollution not only affects mortality rates and hospitalization rates but also increases cancer risk and economic losses due to health-related expenditures. Evaluating and understanding the distribution of PM2.5 is crucial for developing effective policies and guidelines to mitigate its health impacts and improve air quality.
What are health effect of pm2.5 in human?4 answersExposure to PM2.5 has been associated with various health effects in humans. Studies have shown that PM2.5 can increase the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, lung cancer, stroke, pneumonia, depression, diabetes, and chronic bronchitis. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure has been linked to neurological effects, including neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal damage. Other systems affected by PM2.5 include the renal, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure has been found to be associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. Long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been shown to reduce lung function and increase the risk of heart disease, lung cancer, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Overall, PM2.5 poses significant health risks and can impact multiple organ systems in humans.
How does PM2.5 vary in different height?5 answersPM2.5 concentrations vary with height. In urban areas, the major contributors to PM2.5 are secondary aerosol, biomass burning/industry, and traffic-related emissions. Road traffic emissions account for a significant portion of PM2.5, but their contribution declines with height. Along a sea-coast-inland area, PM2.5 concentrations are higher at the coast compared to inland areas during summer afternoons. Over the sea, PM2.5 concentrations are highest below 200m in winter and increase with height at night, but decrease with height in the morning below 300m in summer. Pedestrian PM2.5 exposure varies with height, with children being exposed to higher concentrations compared to adults. This difference is more pronounced during calm weather conditions. In Tehran, there is no significant difference in PM2.5 concentrations between the breathing heights of children and adults. In the North China Plain, PM2.5 exchange between the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere varies with topography and diurnal variation. Long-range transport of PM2.5 can affect air quality in downwind regions.
What is the difference between PM0.1 and PM2.5?5 answersPM0.1 and PM2.5 refer to different sizes of particulate matter. PM0.1 refers to particles with a diameter of 0.1 micrometers or smaller, while PM2.5 refers to particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or smaller. The utility model provided by Ding Xuelin and Yu Zhaofeng describes a PM2.5 sensor that calibrates the testing result through clean air, ensuring higher accuracy in sensor readings. Zhao Peng and Jing Hongli propose a real-time supervision device for PM2.5, which includes a main control unit with wireless transceiver circuit for wireless monitoring. Li Na and Li Haitao present a PM2.5 display instrument based on Bluetooth, allowing users to view PM2.5 values on their cellphone interface. Huang Xiangxiang, Wang Zhenmin, and Zheng Weicun introduce a PM2.5 sensor calibration device that improves the precision of PM2.5 sensors. Liu Yingnan, Chen Ji, and Gan Songyuan propose a PM2.5 sensor based on infrared ray photoelectric conversion, which reduces error and improves detection precision.
How does PM2.5 affect the environment?5 answersPM2.5, or particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm, has negative effects on health and the environment. It can lead to heart and lung disease, asthma, and respiratory symptoms. PM2.5 is primarily generated from human activities, such as traffic volume and building density in urban areas. Urban features like developed land use, tall buildings, and major traffic networks contribute to higher PM2.5 concentrations. However, tree canopy cover can significantly reduce PM2.5 concentrations. PM2.5 not only affects human health but also reduces the efficiency of fuel cells. The exposure to PM2.5 in urban areas is complex due to the variety of sources contributing to its mass concentrations and chemical constituents. Overall, PM2.5 has diverse harmful effects on the physical and biological environment, leading to diseases and deaths, particularly among vulnerable groups.
What are the sources of PM2.5 pollution?3 answersPM2.5 pollution can come from a variety of sources. These include coal-fired power plants, which may emit fine particulates that contribute to PM2.5 levels. Industrial plants and garbage dumps are also sources of PM2.5 pollution. Additionally, the use of organic chemicals, both natural and synthetic, has been found to have an environmental impact and can contribute to PM2.5 pollution. In Chinese cities, PM2.5 pollution has been a major concern for the past decade. Overall, the sources of PM2.5 pollution range from industrial activities to the use of certain chemicals and emissions from power plants.