What is the current prevalence of domestic violence in China?5 answersThe prevalence of domestic violence in China varies across different studies. Research indicates that the prevalence of different types of violence among women in China ranges from 27.91% to 77.7% for physical, emotional, and psychological violence, with sexual violence prevalence around 11%. Factors contributing to this prevalence include low occupational status, having more than one child, living in certain provinces, having a lower income than one's partner, and experiencing economic pressure. Additionally, factors such as heavy physical labor, long-term drinking, overweight or obesity, and long-term smoking in husbands contribute to women's vulnerability to domestic violence. Despite efforts to address domestic violence through legislation and activism, challenges persist due to traditional beliefs, narrow definitions, reliance on informal mediation, lack of emergency shelter support, and insufficient training for service providers.
What is the current mortality of HIV in China?5 answersThe current mortality of HIV in China varies based on different studies. One study found that the mortality rate among people living with HIV who switched to second-line antiretroviral therapy was 1.88/100 person-years, with a lower mortality rate compared to other studies. Another study focusing on HIV-positive injecting drug users reported an all-cause mortality rate of 6.96 per 100 person-years and an AIDS-related mortality rate of 1.91 per 100 person-years, with a decreasing trend over the years. Additionally, a study analyzing HIV trends from 1990 to 2019 showed a marked rise in HIV mortality for both genders in China, emphasizing the importance of HIV prevention and control efforts. These studies collectively highlight the complex nature of HIV mortality in China and the need for continued monitoring and intervention strategies.
What are the current HIV prevalence rates among 15-24 year olds in China?5 answersThe current HIV prevalence rates among 15-24 year olds in China vary across different regions and subgroups. In Fuzhou, the HIV antibody positive rate among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged 15-24 was 3.64%, with no significant annual variation. In the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the prevalence of HIV among young MSM was 9.3%, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced HIV interventions. Additionally, a study on out-of-school youth aged 15-24 showed an increasing trend in HIV/AIDS reporting rates, emphasizing the importance of raising awareness and conducting further research. These findings underscore the diverse HIV prevalence rates among young individuals in China, necessitating targeted prevention strategies and education programs to curb the spread of HIV.
What is the percentage of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals in China?5 answersAntimicrobial resistance rates in hospitals in China vary depending on the specific pathogens and antibiotics being studied. In a study on Clostridioides difficile infections, all strains were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, but resistance rates to clindamycin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were higher. Another study on Haemophilus influenzae found that resistance rates to ampicillin and azithromycin were increasing, while more than 90% of isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. A broader study on various pathogens in major hospitals in China reported that the resistance rate of MRSA to most antimicrobial agents was significantly higher than that of MSSA strains, and carbapenem resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae increased significantly. Overall, these studies highlight the importance of ongoing monitoring and control of antimicrobial resistance in Chinese hospitals.
What is the infection rate in mega prosthesis?5 answersThe infection rate in mega prostheses varies across studies, but it is generally reported to be between 3% and 31%. Specific infection rates mentioned in the abstracts include 8.6%, 10.7%, and 2.2%for different patient groups. The abstracts also mention that infection is a common and feared complication in mega prostheses, and that there is a high risk for peri-prosthetic infection. The use of silver-coated prostheses has been shown to have a lower rate of early infection compared to traditional implants. Overall, infection rates in mega prostheses can be significant, highlighting the importance of infection prevention and management strategies in these cases.
What is the prevalence and incidence of occupational health and safety injuries and diseases in China?5 answersThe prevalence and incidence of occupational health and safety injuries and diseases in China are significant. China has a large population and a high number of workers, with over 770 million workers. Occupational risks contribute to a substantial disease burden in China, with a higher burden in males and in less developed provinces, particularly in Western China. There are over 10 million occupational injuries occurring in China each year, and safety climate and safety behavior have been found to be associated with these injuries. Pneumoconiosis is the most common type of occupational disease in Ningbo, with a majority of cases occurring in small and medium-sized private enterprises. While there are challenges in ensuring occupational health and safety in China, there have been advances in occupational health and safety services, particularly in larger state-owned enterprises. However, there is still a need for a comprehensive strategy involving various sectors to control and prevent occupational health problems in China.