Laser wakefield plasma acceleration cancer?4 answersLaser wakefield plasma acceleration shows promise in cancer treatment. By utilizing high-intensity laser pulses interacting with plasma, electron beams with energies up to 210 MeV can be generated, offering potential for effective cancer therapy. These accelerated electrons can interact with high-Z materials to produce X-rays for therapy and diagnostics. Plasma accelerators have advanced significantly, positioning them as a viable option for medical applications like radiotherapy. Plasma-accelerated ion beams offer advantages in cancer therapy, including precise beam delivery, fast energy selection, and enhanced stopping power for increased radiobiological effectiveness at the micro-level. The use of laser wakefield acceleration as a source of low-energy electron radiation holds promise for endoscopic and internal radiation therapy applications.
What is definition of laser ?5 answersA laser, which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation, is a technical device that emits a focused beam of electromagnetic radiation in the range from infrared to ultraviolet. It has high energy and biological effects. There are over forty different types of lasers used in medicine, with each type described by the emitted wavelength and the active lasing medium. Lasers are commonly used in various medical fields such as surgery, dermatology, dentistry, and urology. In medicine, lasers are used to cut, coagulate, fragment, and evaporate biological or synthetic tissues. The use of lasers in surgical procedures has advanced over time, with technical improvements in hysteroscopes and lasers leading to their evaluation in the treatment of intrauterine pathologies. However, further research is needed to develop clear technical regulations for the use of laser techniques and to track long-term results.
What is the lidar?5 answersLiDAR, or light detection and ranging, is an optical remote sensing system that uses light to measure the distance to a target. It is widely used in fields such as automotive, robotics, and aerospace for extracting information from the surrounding environment. LiDAR technology works by illuminating the target with a laser beam and then detecting the light components that return to the receiver. This allows LiDAR to provide accurate distance measurements and create 2D or even 3D elevation maps of the terrain. LiDAR systems typically consist of a transmitter, a receiver, and a mechanical mechanism with a mirror to scan the light beam. The technology has applications in recognizing the environment, classifying objects, and enabling accurate and safe landings for robots and manned vehicles.
What are the fundamental components of a linear accelerator?5 answersA linear accelerator consists of several fundamental components. These include an acceleration cavity shell, a core pipe, and tandem four-pole magnets. The acceleration cavity shell is located in an acceleration cavity and is connected to the inner wall of the cavity. The core pipe is located within the acceleration cavity shell and allows particle beams to pass through. The four-pole magnets, located in a magnet cavity shell, are used for focusing the particle beams and have central through holes through which the core pipes penetrate. Additionally, a linear accelerator system may also include a rack, a ray emitting assembly, and a collimating assembly. The rack contains an annular slide rail, while the ray emitting assembly emits rays and the collimating assembly shapes the beam of rays. Another type of linear accelerator includes a normal-temperature front-end accelerator, multiple acceleration units or modules, and tail-end leading-out bundles. These components are connected in series and allow for continuous adjustable energy and current.
What does lw?3 answersLw refers to "lightweight" in the context of the provided abstracts. Specifically, it is used to describe lightweight encoding-decoding crowd counting networks (Lw-Count) proposed by Liu et al.and Tao et al.. These networks aim to overcome the limitations of existing crowd counting methods by designing efficient and lightweight convolution modules, such as the efficient and lightweight convolution module (ELCM), and by using techniques like spatial group normalization (SGN) to address inaccurate counting caused by uneven crowd distribution. Additionally, they introduce scale regression modules (SRM) to reduce error details and a new loss function to enhance counting accuracy. The term "LW" is also used in the context of a lightweight FPGA-based accelerator for graph convolutional networks (GCNs) proposed by Liu et al.and Tao et al.. This accelerator, called LW-GCN, tackles irregularity in computation and memory access in GCN inference by decomposing operations and applying compression formats, data quantization, and workload tiling.
What are the most significant features of Wulca?5 answersWULCA, the Water Use in Life Cycle Assessment working group, has developed a consensus-based method called AWARE for assessing water scarcity in LCA and calculating water scarcity footprints. AWARE quantifies the relative available water remaining per area after meeting the demand of humans and aquatic ecosystems, providing a measure of the potential to deprive another user when consuming water in a specific area. The resulting characterization factor (CF) ranges from 0.1 to 100 and can be used to calculate water scarcity footprints as per the ISO 14046 standard. This method represents the state of the art in assessing potential impacts from water use in LCA, considering both human and ecosystem users, and provides a consensus-based methodology for calculating water scarcity footprints.