What is the impact of heterosis on plant metabolism and processes?
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Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, significantly influences plant metabolism and processes. Studies on Arabidopsis and maize hybrids reveal that heterosis is associated with changes in metabolites and gene expression related to key pathways like the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and amino acid metabolism . In hybrids exhibiting high heterosis, there are alterations in TCA cycle intermediates, such as increased fumarate/malate ratios, which support enhanced biomass production by improving energy-intensive processes . Additionally, differential gene expression and metabolite accumulation in hybrids under different light conditions further emphasize the impact of environmental cues on heterosis and plant growth . These findings underscore the intricate relationship between heterosis, metabolic pathways, gene regulation, and environmental factors in driving superior plant performance.
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04 Jan 2023 | Heterosis in Arabidopsis hybrids influences metabolism by altering TCA cycle intermediates, particularly increasing fumarate/malate ratios to enhance biomass production through improved energy-intensive processes. |
02 Nov 2022 | Heterosis influences plant metabolism by affecting gene expression patterns and genotype-environment interactions, leading to improved biomass production and potential for hybrid breeding in maize. |
| Heterosis in Chinese cabbage hybrids influences alternative splicing, leading to differential gene expression in metabolic pathways, particularly affecting amino acid metabolism, correlating with plant weight. | |
| Heterosis in Arabidopsis hybrids is linked to increased biomass through altered TCA cycle metabolites, particularly higher fumarate/malate ratios, enhancing energy-intensive biomass production without direct gene expression correlation. | |
| Heterosis influences plant metabolism by affecting gene expression related to glutathione transfer, carbohydrate transport, terpenoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis, as revealed in maize hybrids under different light conditions. |
Related Questions
What are heterosides?4 answersHeterosides are a type of compounds found in plants that are formed by the combination of a sugar molecule and a non-sugar molecule. They have been extensively studied by researchers in various fields. In the field of pharmacy, French pharmacists at the School of Pharmacy in Paris isolated and identified numerous heterosides from different plants using a technique involving ethanol stabilization and enzymatic detection. In the field of plant breeding, the genetic contribution of different lineages to the physiological quality of maize seeds was studied, and it was found that certain lineages exhibited superior quality compared to others. In the field of sorghum production, the occurrence of heterosis was investigated, and it was observed that hybrid plants showed higher efficiency in the production and accumulation of photosynthesis products compared to their parent lines. In the field of microbiology, a beta-glucosidase enzyme called BcpE2 was found to have exceptional substrate promiscuity, being able to release glucose from various types of plant-derived heterosides. In the field of papaya cultivation, hybridization was shown to enhance genetic resistance to a specific disease called phoma leaf spot.
How can quantitative trait loci mapping be used to study the genetic basis of heterosis in maize and rice?4 answersQuantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is used to study the genetic basis of heterosis in maize and rice. QTL mapping involves identifying specific regions of the genome that are associated with traits of interest. In maize, QTL mapping has been used to identify heterotic loci (HLs) for grain yield, with overdominance and dominant effects on yield and yield components. In rice, QTL mapping has been used to dissect the genetic basis of heterosis for grain shape, weight, and yield-related traits. It has been found that overdominance, underdominance, and epistasis play predominant roles in heterosis in rice. QTL mapping has also been used to identify QTLs associated with phenotypic variation in rice, including traits related to yield, disease resistance, and biotic stress. These findings provide valuable information for marker-assisted selection and breeding programs to enhance grain yield and improve the performance of hybrid rice.
How does the plant microbiome increase metabolites production?4 answersThe plant microbiome increases metabolite production through various mechanisms. Beneficial microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, colonize different parts of the plant, including the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endosphere, and stimulate the production of a diverse range of secondary metabolites in plants. These secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolics, play a crucial role in plant-microbe interactions and can act as signals that shape the host microbiome. The interactions between microbes and plants can also trigger metabolic responses in the host plant, leading to stress tolerance and protection against biotic threats. Additionally, endophytic microbes living symbiotically with plants can produce metabolites similar to their hosts, contributing to the plants' natural defenses against herbivores and pathogens. Understanding and harnessing the potential of the plant microbiome to enhance metabolite production can have significant implications for sustainable crop production and reducing the reliance on chemical fertilizers.
How does drought stress affect plant metabolism in the field?5 answersDrought stress affects plant metabolism in the field by causing various changes in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. Under drought conditions, plants exhibit decreased growth and development, reduced chlorophyll content, and lower photosynthetic rates. Stomatal closure is one of the initial responses to drought stress, leading to a series of physiological and biochemical adjustments aimed at balancing photosynthesis and enhancing plant defense mechanisms. These adjustments include the stimulation of antioxidant systems, accumulation of osmolytes, and synthesis of aquaporins. Drought stress also affects carbon metabolism, with changes observed in the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Additionally, nitrogen metabolism is influenced by drought stress, with increased levels of ammonia and changes in the activities of nitrogen assimilating enzymes. Overall, plants respond to drought stress by altering their metabolic processes to minimize water loss and enhance their ability to survive under limited water availability.
What causes Heterosis in plant hybrids?5 answersHeterosis in plant hybrids is caused by a combination of factors. One major factor is the differential methylation of regions in parental genomes, particularly in pericentromeres, which leads to widespread functional remodeling in hybrids. Another factor is the involvement of specific genes, such as the central circadian oscillator CCA1, which confers heterosis for disease resistance and growth in hybrids. Additionally, the expression of proteins involved in chloroplast protein synthesis and photosynthesis is higher in hybrids compared to their parents, contributing to heterosis in these traits. Furthermore, autoimmunity and immune system incompatibility between parental genomes can also affect heterosis, with the expression of immune system components playing a role in hybrid necrosis and potentially restricting the expression of heterosis. Finally, the degree of genetic divergence between parents can influence heterosis, with higher genetic distance leading to increased heterosis in wheat hybrids.
What is the effect of plant heterosis on the growth of plants?5 answersPlant heterosis, also known as hybrid vigor, has a positive effect on the growth of plants. It substantially contributes to the biomass yield and grain yield of plants, resulting in high economic returns in agricultural production. Heterosis confers an advantage to the F1 hybrid in terms of growth rate, duration of the linear phase, and final trait value. The advantage due to heterosis is maintained throughout the lifecycle of the plant, resulting in a larger final trait value. Despite the impact of heterosis in agriculture, its genetic and molecular basis is still not fully understood. Further research on the genetic and molecular aspects of heterosis may lead to the ability to manipulate it for crop production.