What are the roles of oxygen vacancies on the structural stability of YBCO superconductor?5 answersOxygen vacancies play crucial roles in the structural stability of YBCO superconductors. In YBa2Cu3O7−δ, oxygen vacancies impact the optical properties, affecting absorption peaks and shifting them towards the infrared spectrum. Additionally, under the influence of an external electric field, oxygen vacancies in YBCO can lead to the migration of O atoms towards the surface, affecting the electronic structure. In bismuth vanadate, oxygen vacancies cause significant structural distortions, leading to peak splitting in X-ray diffraction patterns, emphasizing the importance of oxygen partial pressure control during synthesis. Furthermore, in zinc-cobalt oxide microspheres, abundant oxygen vacancies contribute to enhanced capacitive performance and long-term cycling stability in supercapacitors. Oxygen vacancies thus play diverse and critical roles in the structural stability and properties of various materials.
How does The austenitization Temperature effect The deep cryogenic Treatment?4 answersThe austenitization temperature has an effect on the deep cryogenic treatment of steel. In the study by Chen et al., it was found that austenitizing zone rolling with a large reduction in a single pass can enhance the mechanical properties of ultra-high strength steel. Similarly, Weng et al. observed that the strength and toughness of 30CrMnSi alloy structural steel were improved when deep cryogenic treatment was conducted after quenching and tempering at an austenitizing temperature of 820 °C. On the other hand, Fantineli et al. found that the influence of cryogenic treatment on AISI M2 steel was dependent on the previous austenitization temperature, with no significant reduction in retained austenite observed. Therefore, the specific effect of the austenitization temperature on the deep cryogenic treatment may vary depending on the steel composition and the specific heat treatment process used.
What is the effect of cold plasma treatment on fruit juice ?4 answersCold plasma treatment of fruit juice has been shown to induce various chemical changes in the juice composition. These changes can affect the nutritional quality of the juice. Cold plasma treatment tends to decrease the concentration of glucose, fructose, malic acid, and amino acids, while increasing the sucrose content. It has been found that cold plasma can effectively inactivate pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in fruit juices, including A. acidoterrestris. The inactivation mechanism involves the production of reactive oxygen species and damage to the membrane integrity, DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of the microorganisms. Cold plasma treatment of kiwifruit juice has been studied, and it was found that the treatment can affect various parameters such as peroxidase activity, color, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, and total flavonoid content. Cold plasma treatment also has the potential to improve the safety of fruit juices by inactivating pathogens and preserving their quality characteristics. Overall, cold plasma treatment can have both positive and negative effects on the nutritional quality of fruit juices, and further research is needed to optimize the treatment conditions and understand its impact on different fruit compounds.
What is the influence of plasma treatment on magnetic properties?4 answersPlasma treatment has been shown to have an influence on the magnetic properties of various materials. For example, in the study by Gadzhiev and Muslimov, it was found that plasma treatment conditions affected the magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetization of barium hexaferrite films. Similarly, Li et al. observed that plasma implantation reduced nitrogen vacancies in manganese-doped TiN films, leading to the activation of magnetism. Choi et al. demonstrated that plasma treatment increased the magnetization values of Zn-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Shipko et al. investigated the effect of corona discharge plasma treatment on the magnetic properties of BaFe12O19 ferrites and found a dependence between treatment duration and structural-chemical transformations. Additionally, Li et al. showed that oxygen-containing plasma treatment had an impact on the electrical properties of gate stack, resulting in interfacial layer growth and the incorporation of positive charges. These studies highlight the potential of plasma treatment in modifying the magnetic properties of various materials.
What is the highest superconductivity critical temperature in YBCO?3 answersThe highest superconductivity critical temperature in YBCO is 97 K, as reported by Supadanaison et al..
What are the effects of voltage on plasma?5 answersThe effects of voltage on plasma are varied and depend on the specific conditions and parameters of the plasma system. In an AC plasma display panel, increasing the peak voltage leads to a rapid increase in the volume-averaged density of charged particles. In the growth of diamond films, the bias voltage can control the density and energy of ions, electrons, and radicals near the plasma, providing optimal conditions for diamond growth. The spacecraft potential and associated plasma effects induced by solar array voltage were observed, with negative potential and plasma perturbations detected at certain bias voltages. In the microsecond explosion of metallic wires, the charging voltage and medium pressure have a significant effect on the development of the generated plasma. The increase in applied voltage on the substrate electrode can lead to an increase in discharge current and a decrease in plasma impedance, affecting the deposition rate of thin films.