How many chemical waste used in manufacturing leather? (in statistics form)?5 answersIn the manufacturing of leather, various chemical wastes are generated, contributing to environmental pollution. These wastes include chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, and heavy metals like arsenic and chromium used in the tanning process. The leather industry produces solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes containing organic and inorganic compounds, with nearly 800 kg of solid waste generated for every 200 kg of finished leather. Additionally, trivalent chromium waste (Cr3 +) and hexavalent chromium (Cr6 +) are common byproducts, with regulations stipulating a maximum chromium content of 0.6 ppm before disposal. Chrome shaving waste is a significant waste product in leather tanning, with studies focusing on extracting chromium from this waste for reuse in the tanning process. Overall, the leather industry generates a substantial amount of chemical waste, necessitating sustainable waste management strategies.
What are the properties of bio-leather?5 answersBio-leather possesses various desirable properties making it an attractive alternative to traditional leather. It exhibits tensile strength and ductility comparable to cow leather, while also having a significantly lower human toxicity level and carbon footprint. Additionally, bio-leather can be enhanced with plant-based proteins like soy protein isolate and mushroom protein to improve durability, water resistance, flexibility, and crease recovery, surpassing the properties of cowhide leather. Furthermore, environmentally friendly and animal-free leather, known as vegan leather, shows similar physico-chemical and mechanical properties to traditional leather, gaining popularity as a leather substitute in the fashion industry. The leather industry is also exploring innovative finishing formulations, such as collagen-based finishes derived from tanned waste, to enhance durability and quality while maintaining eco-sustainability.
The effects of banana peel on leather?5 answersBanana leather, a snack food product, can be enriched with various additives like egg, cheese, and even seaweed to enhance its nutritional value and sensory attributes. Studies have shown that the addition of egg and cheese increases the ash, fat, protein, calcium, and phosphorus contents of banana leather, improving its overall nutritional profile. Furthermore, the incorporation of seaweed in banana leather production can enhance its chemical characteristics by increasing ash, reducing sugar, and dietary fiber content, while maintaining sensory acceptance among panelists. These findings highlight the versatility of banana leather as a carrier for various additives, showcasing its potential to be a nutritious and appealing snack option.
What is the properties for water proffing leather?4 answersWater-based leather mending paste can improve the water resistance of leather products and provide excellent polishable performance and embossing shaping performance. Additionally, a water-based brightening agent for leather can enhance the dry and wet rubbing resistant performance and low surface tension of leather, resulting in high surface brightness and good surface binding force. However, the specific properties of water-proofing leather are not explicitly mentioned in the abstracts provided.
What are the potential applications of jute leaves in leather?3 answersJute leaves have potential applications in leather as they contain compounds with curative effects on human health, such as anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. They are rich in nutrients like crude protein, fat, carbohydrates, crude fibers, and minerals like calcium, potassium, magnesium, copper, manganese, and phosphorus. Jute leaves also contain beta-carotene, vitamin A, C, and E, as well as cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, sterols, fatty acids, and ionones. These compounds have been found to have direct curative effects on chronic diseases and anti-tumor properties. Additionally, jute leaves have been used as food and folk medicine in many cultures, and their nutritional value is well-documented.
What are some good alternatives to leather?5 answersThere are several good alternatives to leather. One alternative is pleather, which is a plastic leather made from polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Another alternative is artificial leather, which is made on a fabric base rather than from animal skin. Additionally, vegetable tanned garment leathers have been developed as an alternative to chromium tanned leathers. Leather wastes can also be used as fillers in polymer composites for various applications.