scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

What is the potentiometric method used for measuring salt in dairy products? 


Best insight from top research papers

The potentiometric method is utilized for measuring salt content in dairy products. This technique involves determining the mass fraction of table salt in cheese mass through potentiometric measurements, allowing for adjustments in lactic acid microorganism activity during cheese production. In the case of Colombian cheese, Queso Molido Narinense, potentiometry is employed to analyze chloride concentrations, with a correlation found between potentiometry and conductimetry for salt determination. Potentiometry, a key electrochemical technique, utilizes indicator electrodes against reference electrodes to measure potential differences, making it suitable for determining chloride ions in dairy products. The potentiometric method, particularly with the chloride-selective electrode, is highlighted for its simplicity, reliability, and reproducibility in analyzing NaCl content in cheeses.

Answers from top 5 papers

More filters
Papers (5)Insight
The potentiometric method with a chloride-selective electrode is used for measuring sodium chloride content in dairy products, providing simple, reliable, and reproducible results, especially for lower salt concentrations.
The potentiometric method used in the research paper is cyclic voltammetry on a gold electrode to detect salt content in raw milk, establishing a chloride ion prediction model.
Potentiometry is used to measure salt in dairy products by detecting the zero current indicator electrode potential against a reference electrode, determining the total dissolved solids content.
The potentiometric method in the paper determines salt mass fraction in hard cheeses, providing prompt and reliable results without extensive laboratory procedures like the silver nitrate or cationite methods.
The potentiometric method involves titration with silver nitrate to determine chlorides in cheese, providing better repeatability and reproducibility compared to conductimetry for salt analysis in dairy products.

Related Questions

Why is less whay in salted cheese?5 answersThe reduction in whey content in salted cheese can be attributed to the impact of salt on the cheese's microstructure. High concentrations of salt disrupt fat globules, leading to fat coalescence and the formation of large fat globules, which affects the overall composition of the cheese. Additionally, salt plays a crucial role in moisture control and texture formation in cheese, influencing the distribution of moisture within the cheese during the salting process. The presence of salt affects the movement of moisture within the cheese independently of the inward diffusion of salt, resulting in variable moisture gradients from the center to the surface in brine-salted cheeses like pizza cheese. Therefore, the reduction in whey content in salted cheese is a result of the complex interactions between salt, moisture distribution, and cheese microstructure.
How to determine the calcium concentration in milk?4 answersThe calcium concentration in milk can be determined using various methods. One method involves mixing milk with a diluent, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide, to obtain a sample milk. Then, the sample milk is mixed with water and a calcium calibration substance in a determination reagent, and reactions are carried out to obtain a sample solution, a blank solution, and a calibration solution. The absorbance of these solutions is determined at a wavelength of 650 nm, and the calcium content in the milk is calculated. Another method involves using complexometric analysis to calculate the amount of calcium present in milk powder samples. This method is commonly used for determining calcium content in various samples. Additionally, instrumental techniques such as atomic spectrometry methods, including flame atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma techniques, are widely used for calcium measurement in milk and dairy products. A handheld energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer can also be used to determine calcium in powdered milk, with quantification performed using external standards or the method of standard additions.
How to measure soil salinity in stages?5 answersSoil salinity can be measured in stages using various methods. One method involves using SWIR reflectance spectroscopy to quantitatively estimate soil salinity in arid and semi-arid environments. This method focuses on the soil spectral characteristics occurring around 2000 nm and creates an index using the normalized difference between reflectance values at specific wavelengths. Another method involves extracting water-soluble salts from soil samples and measuring the salt content either by weight or by electrical conductivity. In the field, soil salinity can be inferred from apparent electrical conductivity (EC(a)) using devices that require calibration to actual salt content determined by laboratory analysis. Additionally, a method using ArcGIS and Kriging interpolation can be used to calculate salt storage in different layers of the soil. Electromagnetic survey combined with geostatistical techniques can also be used to assess and map soil salinity distribution.
What are the different methods of measuring soil salinity?3 answersDifferent methods of measuring soil salinity include using electrical conductivity (EC) measurements of saturated soil paste extracts, such as the 1:2 and 1:5 soil:water suspensions. Regression models have been developed to establish the relationship between EC of saturated paste extract (ECe) and EC of soil-water suspension extracts (EC1:2 and EC1:5). Conversion factors have also been determined to estimate ECe from EC1:2 and EC1:5 measurements. Remote sensing techniques, such as radar and optical remote sensing data, combined with machine learning-based algorithms, have been used to detect and map soil salinity. These methods utilize multi-source data, including radar data, multispectral data, and digital elevation models, to predict soil salinity. Additionally, the use of soil salinity indexes, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and digital elevation models have been found to contribute significantly to the prediction of soil salinity.
What is the indicator of soil salinity?3 answersSoil salinity can be indicated by several factors. One important indicator is the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil, which measures the ability of the soil to conduct an electric current. The EC value is commonly used to assess the level of salt in the soil. Another indicator is the concentration of cations and anions in the soil, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate ions. These ions contribute to the overall salinity of the soil and can be measured to determine the degree of salinization. Additionally, the pH of the soil can also be an indicator of soil salinity, as high salt levels can affect the pH balance. Overall, a combination of these indicators can be used to assess and monitor soil salinity levels in arid and semi-arid regions.
Amperometric apparatus with potentiometer5 answersPotentiometric devices are mentioned in multiple abstracts. One abstract describes a potentiometric sensor apparatus with a measuring half-cell, a reference half-cell, and a measurement circuit for registering a potential difference. Another abstract discusses a potentiometric device with a continuous resistive track, terminals connected to voltage values, and evaluation means for acquiring the voltage at the output terminal. Additionally, a potentiometric sensor is mentioned in an abstract written in Chinese, which describes a sensor with detection electrodes and a sense amplifier for receiving and amplifying measurement signals. However, there is no mention of an amperometric apparatus with a potentiometer in any of the abstracts provided.

See what other people are reading

How does the electrodeposition process affect the properties of Cu2O thin films?
5 answers
The electrodeposition process significantly influences the properties of Cu2O thin films. Varying the deposition potential alters the structural, morphological, and electrochemical characteristics of the films. Different oxidation states of copper oxide thin films can be achieved based on the deposition parameters and complexing agents used during the process, affecting their stability and optical properties. Electrochemical deposition in both acidic and alkaline systems allows for precise control over the morphology of Cu2O thin films, with factors like deposition potential, time, and electrolyte concentration playing crucial roles in determining the film quality. Cu2O thin films deposited at different cathodic potentials exhibit changes in phase structure, band gap energy, and crystallite size, showcasing the tunability of properties through the electrodeposition process.
What are the most recent studies on the effects of chemical activator on the surface area of biomass-based carbon?
5 answers
Recent studies have focused on the impact of chemical activators on the surface area of biomass-based carbon materials. Different activators, such as potassium hydroxide (KOH), sulfuric acid (H3PO4), and salt (NaCl), have been investigated. The use of activators during the synthesis process plays a crucial role in enhancing the specific surface area and porosity of the resulting carbon materials. For instance, the activation with KOH has shown to have a stronger effect on increasing surface area and pore size compared to other activating agents. Additionally, acid activation with H3PO4 has been successful in producing highly porous activated carbon with superior adsorption performance. These studies highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate activator to optimize the surface area and porosity of biomass-derived carbon materials for various applications.
What is the reason being the decrease of TEAC (mg TE/ kg) values as concentrations increase?
5 answers
The decrease in TEAC (mg TE/kg) values as concentrations increase can be attributed to the adsorption of tetraethylammonium (TEA) cations affecting the reduction of Cd(II) ions, as studied by Torrent-Burgués. The inhibitory effect of TEA adsorption on the electrode process leads to a decrease in velocity constants with increasing TEA concentration, impacting the TEAC values. Additionally, the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of PbS thin films are influenced by TEA concentration, with conductivity decreasing considerably as TEA concentration increases, as observed by Baruah and Sarma. Therefore, the interaction of TEA with Cd(II) ions and its impact on the properties of PbS thin films contribute to the decrease in TEAC values with increasing concentrations.
How do metal oxide nanomaterials enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors for parkinson disease detection?
4 answers
Metal oxide nanomaterials, such as Co3O4:Fe2O3 and [email protected]2O3, enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors for Parkinson's disease detection. These nanomaterials provide a large specific surface area, increased electroactive sites, and p-n heterojunctions, leading to improved electrochemical responses towards dopamine (DA), a key biomarker in Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the electrocatalytic activity of [email protected]2O3 nanoparticles enables the linear detection of DA in a wide concentration range with high sensitivity and selectivity. Nanomaterial-based biosensors offer enhanced electron transfer, improved catalytic ability, and increased active surface area, ultimately enhancing sensitivity, selectivity, and detection capabilities for Parkinson's disease biomarkers.
How to measure surfactant densities in situ?
5 answers
Surfactant densities can be measured in situ using various techniques outlined in the provided research contexts. Methods include conducting single well chemical tracer tests and performing straight line analysis on saturation profiles in subterranean reservoirs. In situ FT-IR internal reflection spectroscopy allows for the calculation of adsorption densities of surfactants on crystal surfaces, providing insights into monolayer and multilayer coverage at different concentrations. Tensammetry techniques involving alternating current or potential pulse methods can determine time-dependent concentration changes by studying surfactant adsorption at interfaces, offering rapid and accurate measurements. Real-time monitoring of surfactant adsorption on microparticles in colloids is achievable through nonlinear optical techniques, enabling the determination of adsorption free energy and surface density of surfactants. These diverse approaches offer valuable insights into measuring surfactant densities in situ across various applications.
What is the effect of sapindus saponaria on water quality in wastewater treatment plants?
5 answers
Sapindus saponaria, a natural alternative to synthetic surfactants, has shown promise in various environmental applications. Research indicates that extracts of S. saponaria can enhance the efficiency of remediating oil-contaminated soil significantly. Furthermore, studies have explored the potential of S. saponaria as a corrosion inhibitor for metals like copper, demonstrating high inhibitory efficiency and environmentally friendly characteristics. While S. saponaria may not match the efficacy of traditional surfactants in all aspects, it exhibits favorable effects on removing oils from metal surfaces. These findings suggest that S. saponaria could play a beneficial role in improving water quality in wastewater treatment plants by aiding in the removal of contaminants and potentially serving as a corrosion inhibitor for metal components in such systems.
Why considering PBS pH 7 for pesticide detection using electrochemical sensor?
5 answers
PBS pH 7 is considered for pesticide detection using electrochemical sensors due to its optimal conditions for sensor performance. Electrochemical sensors for pesticide detection rely on specific nanomaterials like nanoparticles and nanocomposites. These sensors exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity, making them ideal for on-site detection of pesticides. Additionally, electrochemical methods provide sensitive and reliable analysis with short processing times, making them suitable for pesticide residue detection in food samples. The use of PBS pH 7 in electrochemical sensors enhances sensitivity and allows for accurate detection of pesticides at low concentrations. Moreover, the integration of electron mediators and gold nanoparticles during enzyme immobilization further improves sensor performance, achieving a low detection limit of 1 μg/L.
Who has cited Carsten Schmuck's work in the field of citrate chemistry?
5 answers
Carsten Schmuck's work in citrate chemistry has been cited in various research papers. One study developed a sensitive assay for citrate using Eu3+-tetracycline and capillary electrophoresis. Another paper focused on preparing citrate from citric acid and fatty alcohol using carbodiimide as a catalyst. Additionally, indicators for citrate were created by fusing a fluorescent protein with the periplasmic domain of a bacterial histidine kinase, showing high specificity for citrate detection. Furthermore, the behavior of citrate on Pt cathodes in metal deposition electrolytes was investigated, revealing specific adsorption and catalytic transformation of citrate anions. These studies demonstrate the diverse applications and importance of Carsten Schmuck's work in the field of citrate chemistry.
What is the electrochemical behavior of electrodes with porous films?
5 answers
Electrodes with porous films exhibit intriguing electrochemical behavior due to their unique structures and properties. These porous films, formed on active electrodes, can serve various purposes such as protecting against corrosion or affecting the electrochemical response of the substrate. The construction of hierarchically porous films through innovative methods like direct electrodeposition on a gas–liquid–solid interface enhances electron and ion transportation paths, making them excellent materials for energy conversion and storage applications. Additionally, the presence of different phases within porous electrodes, such as liquid electrolytes and gases, adds complexity to the electrochemical processes, necessitating advanced experimental techniques for precise characterization and determination of transport parameters. Overall, electrodes with porous films offer a promising avenue for improving the performance of electrochemical devices for energy applications.
What is the mechanism behind the use of screen printed carbon electrodes in chronoamperometry?
5 answers
Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) are utilized in chronoamperometry due to their unique fabrication techniques and materials. SPCEs offer a combination of working, reference, and counter electrodes on a single substrate, enhancing their utility in microscale electrochemical measurements. Activation methods like cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer solutions containing iron/ferrite improve the electrochemical performance of SPCEs without damaging them, ensuring enhanced reproducibility. Additionally, the development of porous copper film electrodes on SPCEs through colloidal crystal templating results in higher sensitivity to analyte concentration changes, attributed to the larger surface area of the porous structure. Furthermore, the creation of flexible and disposable multiwalled carbon nanotube-based SPCEs demonstrates excellent stability, sensitivity, and flexibility, making them promising for wearable biosensor applications. These characteristics collectively contribute to the effectiveness of SPCEs in chronoamperometry applications.
Amperometry for toxic metals
4 answers
Amperometry, a sensitive electrochemical method, has shown significant promise in the detection and quantification of toxic metals, offering a viable alternative to traditional analytical techniques. This method's effectiveness is highlighted through various studies focusing on the development and application of amperometric sensors and biosensors for monitoring heavy metals in environmental and biological samples. The use of amperometric inhibition biosensors, for instance, has been successfully applied to detect persistent organic pollutants and heavy metals like Cd, Pb, and Cu, leveraging the bioelectrocatalytic activity of immobilized enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase on modified electrodes. These biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability, making them suitable for environmental monitoring. Similarly, the inhibition effect of heavy metal ions on the enzymatic activity of oxidase enzymes has been explored, with Hg(II) showing a significant inhibitory effect across a range of enzymes, allowing for the detection of various metals in solution or when covalently immobilized on polymeric supports. Amperometric methods have also been compared with atomic absorption spectrometry, showing good agreement in the analysis of lead, mercury, cadmium, and thallium in food samples, thus validating amperometry's accuracy and reliability. Moreover, a simple amperometric procedure for determining these metals in the µg range by titration with EDTA has been described, highlighting the method's precision and low detection limits. Furthermore, differential pulse anodic and cathodic stripping voltammetry, a related electrochemical technique, has been employed for the simultaneous determination of various toxic metals, demonstrating high precision, accuracy, and low detection limits in environmental matrices. These advancements underscore the potential of amperometric and related electrochemical methods in the sensitive, accurate, and efficient detection of toxic metals, offering tools for environmental monitoring and protection.