Could cholangitis lead to portal vein thrombosis?5 answersCholangitis can indeed lead to portal vein thrombosis as a complication. In patients with chronic portal vein thrombosis (PVT), portal cholangiopathy, also known as portal biliopathy, is a common occurrence. Additionally, ischemic cholangitis associated with portal thrombosis has been reported, suggesting that compression by dilated veins or ischemia may play a role in biliary abnormalities. Furthermore, portal cavernoma cholangiopathy (PCC) can result from chronic portal vein thrombosis, leading to cholangiographic abnormalities due to pressure on the bile ducts. Therefore, cholangitis can contribute to the development of portal vein thrombosis, emphasizing the importance of careful management and monitoring in such cases.
What are the latest treatments for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)?4 answersThe latest treatments for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) include ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA) as first- and second-line treatments respectively. However, many patients do not respond adequately to UDCA, and the long-term effects of these drugs are limited. Recent research has advanced our understanding of the mechanisms of pathogenesis in PBC and facilitated the development of novel drugs. Targeting immune-mediated pathogenesis and anti-inflammatory therapies are focused on the early stage, while anti-cholestatic and anti-fibrotic therapies are emphasized in the late stage of the disease. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of therapeutic options that can effectively impede the progression of the disease to its terminal stages. Novel and repurposed drugs are currently at different stages of clinical development for the treatment of PBC. Multitarget drugs are the trend of future research and development for PBC drugs.
What is the mean age of people with Systemic Sclerosis?5 answersThe mean age of people with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) varies depending on the study. One study found that the mean age at disease onset was between 30-50 years, with most patients developing the disease between the ages of 40-50 years. Another study reported that the mean age of adults with SSc was 59 ± 11 years. Late-onset SSc, which occurs in patients older than 60 years, was also observed in some studies. However, it is important to note that the age at disease onset can vary among individuals, and there may be differences in clinical presentation and outcomes based on age.
How is the prevalence of the multiple scleresosis?3 answersThe prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies across different populations. In France, the prevalence is 40 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. In a South Wales population, the prevalence was found to be 167 cases per 100,000, with a higher prevalence in females aged 50-54. In Canada, the prevalence was estimated to be 159 cases per 100,000 for men and 418 cases per 100,000 for women. These studies provide insights into the prevalence of MS in different regions, highlighting the importance of accurate epidemiological data for planning and delivering services for individuals with MS.
What is the prevalence of bile duct stones?5 answersThe prevalence of bile duct stones varies across different studies. In Western communities, the prevalence is reported to be around 10-15%. However, in patients with gallstones, the prevalence of common bile duct (CBD) stones is higher, ranging from 10-20%. The presence of CBD stones is also associated with serious complications such as obstructive jaundice, acute suppurative cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis. The video choledochoscope has made it easier to discover and remove extrahepatic stones during the initial operation, leading to a greater dependence on postoperative ERCP. The best treatment for CBD stones is still a matter of debate, but laparoscopic CBD exploration (LCBDE) has been shown to be a safe and feasible option. The biliary microbiota, particularly Enterococcus, may play a role in the development of pigment stones.
What is the prevalence of systemic sclerosis In Latin America?4 answersThe prevalence of systemic sclerosis in Latin America is not well-documented, but studies have shown that the prevalence in Argentina is 296 per million people, with a higher prevalence in females (477 per million people) compared to males (28 per million people). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Latin American countries, which includes systemic sclerosis as one of its components, ranges from 18.8% to 43.3%. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America is higher in areas with greater European migration, such as Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Uruguay, and Mexico, and there have been no identified cases among native Indian populations. However, there is a lack of epidemiological information on MS from large areas of Latin America.