What is K-NN?5 answersK-Nearest Neighbors (K-NN) is a machine learning method used for classification and regression tasks. It works by identifying the K closest data points to a given input based on a similarity measure, such as Euclidean distance. The K-NN algorithm assigns the most common class among the K neighbors for classification tasks or calculates the average for regression tasks. Various studies have explored the application of K-NN in different fields. For instance, research has been conducted on recognizing cultural characters like the Kaganga script in Lampung, determining scholarship recipients, diagnosing liver diseases using medical records, and proposing parameterless versions to optimize computational efforts.
What is the minimal clinically important difference of KOOS scale?4 answersThe minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) scale varies depending on the specific domain being assessed. Studies have determined MCID values for different aspects of the KOOS scale. For instance, in patients undergoing medial opening-wedge High-Tibial Osteotomy (owHTO), the MCID values for KOOS were found to be 15.4 for pain, 15.1 for symptoms, 17 for activities of daily living (ADL), 11.2 for sports/recreation, and 16.5 for quality of life (QOL). Additionally, in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the MCID values for KOOS-12 were established as 13.5 for pain, 15.2 for function, 8.0 for quality of life (QOL), and 11.1 for the total KOOS-12 score. These MCID values provide crucial benchmarks for interpreting meaningful improvements in patient-reported outcomes on the KOOS scale.
What are the reasons for studying biochemical engineering technology in KU Leuven?5 answersThe reasons for studying biochemical engineering technology in KU Leuven include the need for a unique education profile at each campus, increased cooperation, increased exchange of lecturers, and increased student mobility. Additionally, the importance of biochemical engineering science in underpinning the development of industrial-scale biologically-based processes is emphasized, along with the need for an integrated multidisciplinary and rational approach. KU Leuven's Department of Chemical Engineering also plays a role in the study of biochemical engineering, focusing on sustainable systems and surface chemistry and catalysis. The university's commitment to Open Science is evident through its support for sustainable implementations of Open Access and Open Science, as well as its involvement in modular publishing. Finally, the field of biochemical engineering offers opportunities for contributing to advances in various technical areas and addressing global challenges.
What is minimally invasive endovascular therapy?4 answersMinimally invasive endovascular therapy refers to a clinical treatment technology that uses neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, and nerve block technology to treat pain diseases, vascular conditions, and thrombosis. It involves the use of minimally invasive percutaneous procedures, such as neuroregulation, spinal cord electrical stimulation, intervertebral disc ablation, and intrasheath drug infusion systems, to provide effective solutions for various conditions including post-herpetic neuralgia, complex regional pain syndrome, cervical/lumbar disc herniation, and refractory cancer pain. Endovascular therapy has revolutionized vascular care by converting the majority of arterial and venous interventions from open surgery to minimally invasive procedures, offering a safer and more effective alternative for treating carotid artery occlusive disease, aortic pathologies, lower extremity arterial occlusive disease, mesenteric arterial occlusive disease, and lower extremity venous diseases. In the field of portal vein thrombosis, endovascular therapy has become a medically rational option to achieve recanalization of the portal vein, complementing conservative medical management. Additionally, endovascular techniques have been developed across various medical specialties to manage cardiovascular diseases, providing a safe and effective alternative to traditional surgical procedures. In the context of critical limb ischemia, endovascular therapy has shifted the approach to arterial revascularization from open surgical bypass to less invasive procedures, resulting in improved outcomes and reduced amputation rates.
What are the different types of medical instruments that are used for minimally invasive surgery?5 answersDifferent types of medical instruments used for minimally invasive surgery include multi-steerable cable-driven instruments with parallel or multi configurations, an end-effector mechanism with wristed motion and no singularity in roll, pitch, and yaw, straight instruments, straight/articulating instruments, and precurved instruments, and transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) instruments. Additionally, a novel surgical instrument with multiple fisheye cameras has been proposed to enhance the surgeon's field of view during minimally invasive procedures.
How to determine k in EEG microstate analysis?5 answersDetermining the value of k in EEG microstate analysis involves applying various clustering algorithms to the EEG data and comparing the results. Different algorithms, such as (T)AAHC, modified K-Means, and HMM, have been used to compute microstates. These algorithms yield similar results, except for HMM, which generates more dissimilar results. Additionally, the linear characteristics of the underlying EEG signal, such as cross-covariance and autocorrelation structure, play a significant role in determining microstate properties. Linear models, such as vector autoregression, can generate microstates comparable to those estimated from real EEG data, supporting the use of linear EEG models in interpreting microstate properties. Overall, the choice of k in EEG microstate analysis involves comparing the results of different clustering algorithms and considering the linear characteristics of the EEG signal.