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What is the structural optimization problem that defines the natural frequencies? 


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The structural optimization problem that defines the natural frequencies involves maximizing the fundamental frequency or shifting the natural frequencies away from excitation frequencies. This can be achieved through various methods such as using negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) hexachiral structures , axially functionally graded materials (FGMs) in cylindrical shells , or topology optimization algorithms considering natural frequencies . The goal is to improve the resistance to vibration and reduce the structure's mass while enhancing its vibration resistance and performance . The optimization process involves defining design variables, establishing optimization functions, and using techniques like response surfaces, genetic algorithms, or water strider algorithms . The results of these optimization methods show increased natural frequencies, strengthened vibration resistance, and reduced material consumption .

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The paper discusses the modification of the frequency optimization problem to a weight minimization problem, subject to a specified fundamental natural frequency.
The paper formulates two types of design models for topology optimization of shell-infill structures considering natural frequencies as design criteria.
The structural optimization problem aims to maximize the natural frequencies of the hexachiral structure by adjusting the design variables, such as the thickness of circular nodes wall and ligaments.
The structural optimization problem in the paper aims to maximize the fundamental frequency of a cylindrical shell by optimizing the material volume fractions.
The paper discusses truss optimization problems with natural frequency constraints, which aim to construct structures with the least material amount while preventing the resonance phenomenon.

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