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When did start First generation ATSC (Adaptive Traffic Signal Control)?

InSync adaptive traffic control system

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Adaptive traffic control

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The concept of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) has been evolving over time. The first generation of ATSC systems began with the introduction of well-known systems like SCOOT, SCATS, BALANCE, and MOTION, which aimed to improve traffic flow by optimizing signal plans and coordination patterns based on traffic demand. Additionally, a distributed approach to traffic signal control was presented, utilizing fuzzy decision rules to adjust signal timing parameters at intersections based on local information. Furthermore, a real-time, on-line control algorithm was proposed to enhance the performance of traffic-actuated signal control systems by considering basic control parameters in modern actuated controllers. These early developments laid the foundation for the growth of adaptive traffic signal control methodologies, incorporating artificial intelligence-based optimization and control algorithms in recent years.

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Proceedings Article•DOI Adaptive traffic signal control using fuzzy logic S. Chiu 29 Jun 1992 92 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Open access Real-time, traffic adaptive signal control Philip J Tarnoff, Nathan H. Gartner - Show less +1 more 01 Oct 1993 15 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Journal Article•DOI An adaptive control algorithm for traffic-actuated signals Xing Zheng, Will Recker - Show less +1 more 01 May 2013-Transportation Research Part C-emerging Technologies 37 Citations	Not addressed in the paper.
Proceedings Article•DOI Online control of signalized networks using the Cell Transmission Model Tobias Pohlmann, Bernhard Friedrich - Show less +1 more 09 Nov 2010 28 Citations	The first generation of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) systems, such as SCOOT and SCATS, began to optimize traffic flow in urban networks, with advancements continuing to enhance ATCS capabilities.
Journal Article•DOI A Critical Review of Traffic Signal Control and A Novel Unified View of Reinforcement Learning and Model Predictive Control Approaches for Adaptive Traffic Signal Control Xiaoyu Wang, Scott Sanner, Baher Abdulhai - Show less +2 more 26 Nov 2022-arXiv.org	Not addressed in the paper.

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How Adaptive Traffic Signal Control helps Mixed Traffic Flow?5 answersAdaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) plays a crucial role in managing Mixed Traffic Flow by optimizing signal timings based on various factors. Research by Agafonov et al.highlights the effectiveness of ATSC algorithms in partially connected vehicle environments. Similarly, Du et al.introduce the Advance Decision-Making Reinforcement Learning Traffic Signal Control (AD-RLTSC) algorithm, which enhances traffic efficiency and flow stability in mixed traffic scenarios. Furthermore, studies by Chen and Cassandrasemphasize the importance of achieving fair and optimal sharing policies at intersections to minimize average waiting times for both vehicles and pedestrians. These approaches leverage advanced algorithms and real-time data to improve traffic management, reduce congestion, and enhance overall transportation system performance in mixed traffic environments.

Is a first generation CAR construct functional?5 answersYes, a first-generation CAR construct is functional. While the study by Han Hu et al. focused on establishing a murine 4T1-CD19 cell line expressing a CD19 gene and constructing a second-generation CAR for Jurkat cells, the study by Loreen Sophie Rudek et al. explored the use of first-generation CAR T cells in treating B cell malignancies, highlighting the success of CAR T cells in oncology. Both studies demonstrate the functionality of CAR constructs, whether first or second generation, in targeting specific antigens and mediating cytotoxic effects. Therefore, based on the data from these studies, it can be inferred that a first-generation CAR construct is indeed functional in its intended role of recognizing and targeting specific antigens for therapeutic purposes.

When did start Second generation ATSC (Adaptive Traffic Signal Control)?5 answersThe second generation of Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) began receiving significant attention in the U.S. around 2008, marking a pivotal moment in the evolution of traffic control systems. Recent advancements in ATSC methodologies have seen a surge in the integration of artificial intelligence-based optimization and control algorithms, such as reinforcement learning and model predictive control, to enhance transportation network efficiency. Moreover, the emergence of connected-vehicle technologies and smart roads has further emphasized the need for intelligent adaptive traffic signal controls, leading to the development of novel models like the Economic-driven ATSC, which leverages economic principles for traffic signal control at intersections. These innovative approaches aim to minimize congestion, improve traffic flow, and optimize signal control decisions in urban environments.

When did Second generation ATSC (Adaptive Traffic Signal Control) began?5 answersSecond-generation Adaptive Traffic Signal Control (ATSC) systems began to emerge in the late 1970s in the United States, evolving from electro-mechanical time-clock-based systems to computer-based ones. These systems were further developed through research sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration in the 1990s, leading to the creation of four adaptive traffic control software prototypes: RHODES, OPAC, RTACL, and ATCS. The key advancement in this second generation of ATSC was the incorporation of adaptive capabilities, with ATCS extending the approach of Urban Traffic Control Software (UTCS) to include adaptive features. This marked a significant progression in traffic signal control technology, enhancing the efficiency and adaptability of traffic management systems in urban areas.

What are the generations of traffic signal control?5 answersTraffic signal control has evolved through various generations. Initially, computer-implemented methods were developed to predict vehicle arrival times and generate signals based on this prediction. Subsequently, computer vision techniques were employed for traffic surveillance, enabling automatic detection of traffic violations and vehicle counts for signal generation. A more advanced system was designed with a central device coordinating signal control commands to multiple traffic signal control machines, ensuring appropriate signal control even during communication issues. Additionally, a traffic signal controlling device was introduced, capable of switching between prevailing and solar power sources to ensure stable electricity supply during emergencies and save energy. Finally, innovative designs using microcontrollers and LEDs were implemented to reduce manufacturing costs and simplify signal control processes.

What generation adapts well into computers these days?4 answersThe younger generation, particularly children and adolescents, are adapting well to computers these days. They have greater access to sophisticated technology, such as cellular phones and computers, and are active users of digital media. They are comfortable with information and communication technologies and have a better grasp of both the content and the technology of computers. Additionally, computer literacy has become an important educational qualification, and schools are providing computer education to children. On the other hand, the baby boom generation, born in the 1950s, may be at risk of job skill obsolescence due to the computer revolution. However, it is generally assumed that middle-aged individuals are less adaptable and trainable than younger-aged persons, but this assumption may not hold true in the face of the computer revolution.

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