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Which famous cyclist won seven Tour de France titles but was banned him from the sport for life for doping? 

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It concludes that to defend its autonomy, its values and its survival, Tour de France organizers and riders must come to really believe that if doping is the answer – we are asking the wrong question.
Our findings suggest that doping prevention among young athletes cannot be limited uniquely to the list of banned drugs.
The history of the Tour makes it clear, for example, that public opinions about doping do not always conform to the prohibitionist line that is publicly embraced by many officials, and this in itself is a matter of real social significance.
This article contends that professional cyclists have undergone civilising processes in relation to doping within the sport.
Implementing new measures on doping might result in additional positive tests, thus reinforcing the perception of professional cycling as a doping-infected sport.
Incorporating a novel mode of knowledge production within the doping literature, the stories presented here demonstrate elite athletes' candid accounts of being impacted by others’ doping behaviours in sport.
I believe that the effectiveness of the fight against doping, the deterrence effect for athletes considering taking banned substances or using prohibited methods as well as the stricter punishment of real cheaters are logic and legitimate aims, which can justify the restriction on athletes’ rights under EU law that a 4-year period of ineligibility constitutes.