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Why TiC particles have poor interface adhesion with epoxy? 


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TiC particles exhibit poor interface adhesion with epoxy due to their inherent characteristics and interactions with the matrix. In metal matrix composites, clean interfaces, as seen in Al-TiC composites prepared by exothermic reactions, promote strong chemical bonds between the matrix and particles, enhancing toughness and modulus . Conversely, TiO2 nanoparticles, when added to epoxy, can significantly improve adhesion strength in composite joints, enhancing shear and tensile strength up to a certain filler content percentage . Additionally, surface modifications like preoxidation and SnOx intermediate layers on titanium surfaces have been shown to enhance adhesion with ceramics, improving mechanical and chemical bonding strength . These findings highlight the critical role of interfacial interactions and surface treatments in determining the adhesion properties of composite materials.

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TiO2 particles have poor interface adhesion with epoxy due to the surface treatment with Al2O3-ZrO2, resulting in lower adherence compared to Al2O3-SiO2 treatment, as shown by scanning electron spectroscopy.
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