Showing papers on "Acrylic acid published in 1980"

Photosensitive resin composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To prepare a photosensitive resin composition having excellent flexibility, adhesivity, air drying characteristics, curability, and storage stability, and useful as a raw material of paint, letter press, etc., by compounding a specific reaction product, an unsaturated epoxyester, a polymerizable monomer, and a photosensitizer. CONSTITUTION:A composition composed of (A) a reaction product obtained by (1) reacting (i) an epoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule with (ii) 0.1-0.95 equivalent, based on the epoxy group, of (meth)acrylic acid, (2) reacting the above product with (iii) an amino compound having two or more active hydrogen atoms in a molecule to obtain the product wherein the equivalent ratio of the active hydrogen atom to the residual epoxy group is 0.5-1.1, and (3) reacting the product with (iv) a polyisocyanate compound to obtain the product wherein the equivalent ratio of the isocyanate group to the unreacted hydroxyl group is 0.05-0.7, (B) an unsaturated epoxyester, (C) a polymerizable monomer such as hydroxyalkyl acrylate, and (D) a photo-sensitizer. The amounts of the components (A)-(D) are adjusted to satisfy the formulas I-III (weight ratio).

Preparation and application of water-soluble polymer-metal complexes

Abstract: A series of water-soluble polymers and derivatives with chelating groups has been prepared and investigated for the complex formation with various metals. The complexation of basis polymers, such as poly(ethyleneiruine) , poly(vinylamine) , and poly(acrylic acid), as well as copolymers was carried out in homogeneous phase. Membrane filtration allowed continuous or discontinuous separation of the polymer chelates from metallic ions not bound to the polymer. The polymer complexes remained water-soluble independent of the chelated metal and the polymeric ligand. Studies on the dependency of the capacities of the polymers upon various parairters and methods for regenerating the polymeric ligands are described. The introduction of chelating groups, e.g. pyridine-2-aldimine, thiourea, iminodiacetic acid, 8-hydroxy quinoline, and hydroxyaniline, to the macromolecules by polymer-analogous reaction or by copolymerization improved significantly the selectivity for the metals cobalt, nickel, copper, cadmium, palladium, mercury, silver, gold, and platinum. By the use of membrane filtration in the preparation and application of water-soluble polymer—metal complexes it is possible to recover metal ions from solutions in a short time and in homogeneous phase. INTRODUCTION Water-soluble polymer complexes are. not only of theoretical importance but also of increasing practical interest, since they involve the potentiality of versatile applications in chemistry. Insoluble chelating resins, on the contrary, have considerable disadvantages, such as reaction in heterogeneous phase and long contact times. Up to present, many investigations have been carried out in this field, particularly on synthesis and properties of soluble polymer ligands and coordinating groups (Ref. 1-10). In general, there are three requirements with which polymers as chelating agents should comply: sufficient solubilizing power of the constitutional repeating unit which provides water-solubility of the polymer complexes, a great number of functional groups of the complexing agent for a high capacity, and a high molecular weight which allows an easy separation by usual methods from the metal not bound to the polymer. Preferable for these studies are molecular masses between 10 000 and 100 000. Molecular masses of polymers smaller than 10 000 are not suitable because of separation problems in membrane filtration. Therefore, all prepared macromolecular ligands consisted of molecular mass fractions greater than 10 000, which was verified by membrane filtration. Possibilities for the synthesis of polymer chelating agents are the following: 1) Preparation of polymers with chelating units, e.g. poly(vinylamine), poly (ethyleneimine). 2) Polymerization of monomers already bearing the complex forming group, e.g. acrylic acid, vinylmethyl ketone, vinylsulfonic acid. 3) Polymerization of monomers containing protected functional groups with following polymer-analogous deblocking reaction, e.g. poly(vinylalcohol) from poly(vinylacetate). 4) Conversion of side chains or functional units in order to form or to change complexing groups, e.g. hydrolysis of poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone)

Alkali metal acrylate or ammonium acrylate polymer excellent in salt solution-absorbency and process for producing same

Abstract: An alkali metal acrylate polymer obtained by suspending an aqueous solution of acrylic acid and an alkali metal acrylate in an alicyclic or aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent containing a surfactant having an HLB value of 8-12 and subjecting the suspension to inverse suspension polymerization in the presence of a water-soluble radical polymerization initiator has a much higher water-absorbency and particularly salt solution-absorbency than known ones. If said polymer is crosslinked with a crosslinking agent, its stability in the fluid-absorbed state for a long period of time is improved and the absorption rate when absorbing water is also improved.

Contact lens made from polymers of polysiloxane and polycyclic esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid

Abstract: Monomeric polysiloxanes end-capped with activated unsaturated groups polymerized with a comonomer comprising a polycyclic ester of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid to form a soft contact lens is disclosed These instant polysiloxane copolymer contact lenses have unexpectedly high tear strengths and unexpectedly high modulus of elasticity

Thickening agent for aqueous compositions

Abstract: A mixture of a water swellable clay mineral and an alkali soluble and thickenable (meth)acrylic acid emulsion copolymer provides a highly effective thickening and gelling agent for aqueous systems at low concentrations. The gels are self-supporting and have high strength and thus are particularly useful as air fresheners and other applications where firm gels are desirable. A synergistic thickening effect between the (meth)acrylic acid copolymer and the clay mineral is observed.

Acrylic acid-acrylate copolymer thickening agents

Abstract: Copolymers of acrylic acid and nonionic surfactant acrylates have been found to be useful thickening agents for both aqueous solutions and water/liquid hydrocarbon emulsions.

Production of acrylic acid

Abstract: In the production of acrylic acid by a two-stage, vapor-phase catalytic oxidation of propylene, a composite oxide catalyst expressed by the formula Mo a Bi b Ni c Co d Fe e Na f Mn g B h K i Si j O x is used in the first-stage reaction, which is carried out under specific reaction and operational conditions, and the second-stage reaction is carried under specific reaction and operational conditions while oxygen is supplied by a specific mode

Method for preparing highly absorbent hydro-gel polymers

Abstract: A method for producing a hydrophilic gel comprising polymerizing acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a polymer (A) which is then subjected to neutralization followed by heat treatment or to heat treatment followed by neutralization, or polymerizing a neutralized product of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a polymer (B) which is then subjected to heat treatment, wherein said polymerization is carried out in an aqueous solution having a total concentration of acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid or its neutralized product (the weight of the neutralized product is converted to the acid basis) and polyvinyl alcohol of 10 to 60% by weight, said heat treatment temperature is 50° to 150° C., and the weight ratio of polyvinylalcohol is acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid or its salt (the weight of the neutralized product is converted to the acid basis) is 5 to 95: 95 to 5.

Process for preparing low molecular weight water-soluble polymers

Abstract: A process for preparing a low molecular weight water-soluble polymer comprises reacting, in an aqueous solution system, a water-soluble monomer selected from the class consisting of (a) acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, acrolein, methacrolein, methacrylamide, N-vinyl pyrollidone, acryloxypropionic acid and mixtures thereof, and (b) water-soluble comonomers of one or more of the monomers of (a) with from about 5-50% of the total monomers present, of a comonomer selected from the class consisting of itaconic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, hydroxypropylmethacrylate, hydroxyethylacrylate, hydroxypropylacrylate, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, t-butylaminoethyl acrylate, 4-vinyl pyridine, beta-hydroxyethyldimethylaminoethyl methacrylate salt, t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof in the presence of a catalyst system which comprises an initiator and a metal salt wherein the molar ratio of the initiator to the metal ion is from about 10:1 to about 150:1 and the initiator is present in an amount of from about 0.5 weight percent to about 35 weight percent based on the weight of the monomers present. An aqueous polymer solution has terminal hydroxyl groups, substantially all of the water which was present during the preparation of the polymer, a solids content of from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the entire composition and said polymer has an average molecular weight of up to 50,000. The polymer is prepared from the monomers set forth above.

Lithographic technique using radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid into poly(methyl methacrylate) films

Abstract: A lithographic process is described which increases the sensitivity of polymers to electron beam irradiation. The free radicals and peroxides produced in a film of polymer by irradiation are used to initiate the grafting of a monomer to form a graft copolymer, the solubility of which may be higher or lower than that of the initial polymer. Acrylic acid has been grafted into poly(methyl methacrylate) films to produce a copolymer which is insoluble in the solvents of PMMA. The sensitivity of this negative system depends on the conditions of grafting and on the conditions of development. A sensitivity of 2.8 10−8 C.cm−2 at 20 keV has been obtained.

The surface tension of poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution

Abstract: Surface tension has been measured of polyacrylic acidwater solutions with pH 3–11. Until approximately pH 4.6 corresponding to 10% neutralization, PAA-solutions are surface active and inactive at higher pH, time dependence of equlibrium surface tension is analysed. Non-ionized “neutral” chain segments are surface active, their diffusion to surface is rate determining.

Photopolymerized hydrophilic interpolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acid and esters

Abstract: Highly water absorbent films and fibers are prepared by photopolymerizing an alkaline metal salt of acrylic acid, at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains 10 to 30 carbon atoms, at least one alkyl acrylate or methacrylate wherein the alkyl group contains 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a photoinitiator. The resulting interpolymers are particularly useful in the preparation of highly absorbent personal hygiene and care products.

Process for treating cosmetic oils so as to modify their properties and cosmetic compositions containing these oils

Abstract: A process for reducing the volatility and improving the emulsifying power of an unsaturated or saturated cosmetic oil comprising heating the cosmetic oil, in the absence of a solvent and under an inert atmosphere, with a homopolymerizable and hydrophilic monomer in the presence of an initiator generating free radicals. The monomer is selected from the group consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-hydroxymethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxymethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide, N-(carboxyhydroxy) methacrylamide, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine and a monomer having the formula, ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl, Y is O or NH, r' is methyl or ethyl and n is 2 or 3. The resulting modified oil is then purified to remove any insoluble nongrafted homopolymer.

Radiation grafting of acrylic and methacrylic acid to cellulose fibers to impart high water sorbency

Abstract: Acrylic and methacrylic acids have been directly grafted to rayon and cotton using the preirradiation technique with /sup 60/ Co gamma rays. The rate of grafting increased with increasing temperature and monomer concentration, as did the final degree of grafting. The amount and rate of grafting also increased with the total irradiation dose but tended to level off at higher doses, in agreement with the leveling off of the radical content reported previously. Methacrylic acid grafted more and faster than acrylic acid to both rayon and cotton. Methacrylic acid grafted more with rayon than cotton, but acrylic acid gave somewhat similar yields with both fibers. The water abosrbency of the grafted fibers depended strongly on their posttreatment. Decrystallizing with 70% zinc chloride or with hot sodium hydroxidy developed supersorbency. The two treatments in succession, respectively, gave the highest values. Metacrylic acid brought about less sorbency than the corrsponding acrylic acid grafts. Useful levels of grafting and supersorbency could be readily and practically achieved by the methods described.

Water-soluble graft copolymers of starch-acrylamide and uses therefor

Abstract: Graft copolymers having starch as the central chain with grafted side chains of acrylamide or acrylamide-acrylic acid, and a process for preparation of such copolymers in the presence of Ce+4 or other redox initiators. These copolymers are employed in preparing highly viscous aqueous solutions that are particularly useful in oil recovery from subterranean wells.

Use of agglomerates of silicic acid as fillers in dental materials

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of agglomerates of silicic acid having an average agglomerate size of 0.5 to 50 μm, containing primary particles of silicic acid having an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm and serving as filler in dental materials on the basis of ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable monomers. This reinforcing filler is practically colorless and can be blended in considerable quantity into the polymerizable monomer material especially mono-functional and di-functional as well as polyfunctional esters of the acrylic acid and the methacrylic acid and yields a satisfactorily processable plastically deformable paste. If necessary, the agglomerated silicic acid is used together with non-agglomerated micro-fine silicic acid of an average particle size of 1 to 100 nm. The shaped bodies obtained after the curing of the polymerizable material with the fillers show superior compressive strength, low thermal expansion, high colour stability and low water absorption, and moreover can be finished to high luster. The agglomerated fillers provided according to the invention are generally suitable for tooth filling preparations and tooth restoration materials as well as for the production of artificial teeth.

Coating compositions containing pigment dispersants

Abstract: Coating compositions contain pigment dispersants wherein the dispersant is the polymerization product of (i) an alkyl methacrylate having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, (ii) a hardening monomer selected from the group consisting of a styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and mixtures thereof or a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and which provides carboxyl functionality when reacted with water, alcohol, amine or anhydride, (iv) a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and at least one hydroxyl group or a monomer which provides such groups when further reacted with an acid or an epoxide, and (v) a compound providing an amine or amine salt functional moiety. The dispersants are useful for dispersing pigments in coating compositions containing a wide variety of film-forming resins.

Water dispersed primer-surfacer composition

Abstract: Water based primer-surfacer compositions for application in the automotive industry over bare or treated metal and under a top coat of acrylic lacquer or enamel are formulated in aqueous medium using a latex of an addition copolymer prepared by emulsion polymerization of a mixture of styrenic and acrylic monomers, with hydroxyl and carboxyl functionality, preferably a mixture of styrene, ethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid. The latex is the predominant film forming ingredient in the composition and is combined with minor amounts of other film forming ingredients including a water soluble epoxy ester, preferably derived from bisphenol A, diglycidyl ether, drying oil fatty acids and maleic anhydride and water soluble or dispersible aminoplast resins, preferably methoxylated melamine formaldehyde resin and butoxylated urea formaldehyde resin. Pigments are also normally present in the composition.

Use of (meth)acrylic acid and maleic acid copolymers as incrustation inhibitors in detergents

Abstract: 1. Use of copolymers which, based on the weight of the polymers, contain 40 to 90% of acrylic or methacrylic acid and 60 to 10% of maleic acid as copolymerized units, or of their alkali metal or ammonium salts as incrustation inhibitors in detergents.

Improvement of water absorption of water-absorbing polymer of acrylic acid salt

Abstract: PURPOSE: To improve dispersion in water and speed of water absorption of the titled polymer without damaging water absorption, by a water absorbing resin comprising an alkali salt of acrylic acid as an ingredient into a specific mixed solvent, followed by crosslinking it with a bifunctional crosslinking agent. CONSTITUTION: (A) A water absorbing resin comprising an alkali salt of acrylic acid as an ingredient of a polymer is dispersed in a mixed solvent containing preferably 50W95wt% hydrophilic organic solvent (the most preferably methyl alcohol) and water, (B) a crosslinking agent (e.g., epichlorohydrin, etc.) having a bifunctional group capable of being reacted with carboxylate is added to the resin, and crosslinking is carried out at preferably 40W150°C. The amount of the component B used is preferably 0.005W5wt% based on ingredient A. COPYRIGHT: (C)1982,JPO&Japio

Pharmaceutical compositions consisting or consisting essentially of liposomes, and processes for making same

Abstract: A method is disclosed for purifying non-homogeneous systems, known as liposomic suspensions, from non-entrapped drugs wherein said suspensions are treated with liquid or solid polymers of synthetic and organic nature having chemical functionality, which are used as ion-exchangers. The liquid or solid polymers are based on styrene, divinylbenzene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and the like, normally known as ion-exchange resins, and may include carboxylic, phosphonic, or sulphonic functions of different matrices. The ion-exchange resins may also include salified quaternary ammonium, primary, secondary and tertiary amminic or phosphinic functions or other functions with different matrices, including phenolformaldehyde, styrene-divinylbenzene, acrylates, methacrylates, hydrocarbons and condensation-resins. Treatment may also be carried out with polymers, copolymers, or mixtures thereof, not having any specific chemical function and which normally, but not exclusively, react according to Van der Waals' forces, commonly known as adsorbents. The invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions consisting or consisting essentially of lyophilic liposomes of doxorubicin hydrochloride, aminosidine sulphate or 5-fluoro-uracil.

Grafting onto wool. VII. Ceric ion‐initiated graft copolymerization of vinyl monomers. Comparison of monomer reactivities

Abstract: In an attempt to compare relative reactivities of vinyl monomers toward grafting, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AAc) were grafted separately to Himachali wool in aqueous medium by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as redox initiator. Nitric acid was found to catalyze the reaction. Percent grafting was determined as a function of concentration of nitric acid, concentration of CAN, concentration of monomer, time, and temperature. Optimum conditions for maximum grafting were evaluated for each monomer and were found to depend upon the nature of the monomer. Reactivities of MMA and AAc toward grafting were compared with those of methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), and vinyl acetate (VAc) reported earlier from this laboratory and were found to follow the order MA > EA > MMA > VAc > AAc. An explanation for the observed order of reactivity of different vinyl monomers is presented.

Use of a polyfunctional surface-active comonomer and other agents to improve adhesion between a resin or composite material and a substrate

Abstract: A family of polyfunctional surface-active comonomers which act to improve the adhesion between a resin or composite material and solid surfaces capable of binding polyvalent cations is described. These polyfunctional surface-active comonomers, or "PolySACs", are preferably the reaction product of an epoxy acrylate or methacrylate and an aminobenzoate. The adhesion of the resin or composite material to certain solid surfaces is also improved by the preparatory treatment of these surfaces with a monobasic acid of intermediate strength followed by treatment with a mordant. In its most preferred form the invention is employed in reconstructive dental work to improve the adhesion between a resin or composite material and dentin. The dentin is cleansed with isotonic formic acid, treated with an isotonic ferric chloride mordant and then treated with a PolySAC which is the reaction product of an oligomeric diglycidyl ether, acrylic acid and lithium ortho-aminobenzoate. The resin or composite material is then applied.

Pigment dispersants for coating compositions

Abstract: Pigment dispersants for use in coating compositions wherein the dispersant is the polymerization product of (i) an alkyl methacrylate having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, (ii) a hardening monomer selected from the group consisting of a styrene, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof, (iii) an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and mixtures thereof or a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and which provides carboxyl functionality when reacted with water, alcohol, amine or anhydride, (iv) a monomer having a double bond alpha-beta to a carbonyl group and at least one hydroxyl group or a monomer which provides such groups when further reacted with an acid or an epoxide, and (v) a compound providing an amine or amine salt functional moiety. The dispersants are useful for dispersing pigments in coating compositions containing a wide variety of film-forming resins.

Latex autodeposition coatings

Abstract: Novel autodeposition coatings formulated with acrylic copolymer dispersions which have incorporated therein either methacrylic acid or acrylic acid and, optionally, hydroxyl containing monomers or multifunctional monomers polymerized in the molecule. These novel coatings display significantly improved corrosion resistance, rinse resistance, gloss, heat aging resistance and gasoline resistance when compared to heretofore known autodeposition coatings.

Vinyl polymer with acetylacetoxy groups, process for its manufacture and an agent obtained thereof

Abstract: Vinyl polymers with acetylacetoxy groups form the basis of polymer dispersions which are used as binding agent dispersions in paints, particularly suitable vinyl polymers are obtained by polymerizing an acetylacetoxy compound together with a least one further olefinically unsaturated compound, while using as acetylacetoxy compound an allyl ether derivative of the formula ##STR1## The copolymerization is carried out in particular in emulsion at a temperature in the range of from -30° to 200° C. As comonomers there are used especially vinyl esters and (meth-)acrylic acid esters. The polymerization is commonly effected in the presence of a radical-forming initiator and optionally in the presence of emulsifiers and protective colloids.