Showing papers on "Anisakis published in 2004"

Genetic identification of Anisakis larvae in European hake from Atlantic and Mediterranean waters for stock recognition

Abstract: The occurrence of seven species of the larval parasitic nematode Anisakis, which can be used as a biological tag for hake Merluccius merluccius stocks throughout their geographical range, is reported. Hake were collected from 14 localities in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Anisakis larvae (n = 1950), which were recovered, were identified to species by means of genetic markers (allozymes). Within Anisakis type I, the larvae of A. pegreffii, A. simplex s.s., A. typica and A. ziphidarum were detected, while within Anisakis type II, A. physeteris, A. brevispiculata and Anisakis sp. were identified. There were significant differences in the relative proportions of the various Anisakis species identified in hake samples from the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, suggesting the existence of different stocks of M. merluccius in European waters.

Anisakis simplex only provokes allergic symptoms when the worm parasitises the gastrointestinal tract.

Abstract: We analysed patients with allergic or digestive symptoms after seafood ingestion in order to assess a correct diet in Anisakis simplex sensitised individuals. A total of 120 patients who suffered allergic and/or digestive symptoms after marine food ingestion were studied. We performed skin prick tests for A. simplex and seafood, total serum and specific serum immunoglobulin E to A. simplex in the acute stage and 1 month later. A gastroscopy was carried out to find larvae in those patients with persistent abdominal pain. A challenge with non-infective larvae was performed to assess a correct diet. Some 96 patients were sensitised to A. simplex. Gastroscopy was performed in 47 and we detected larvae in 24. We compared symptoms, skin tests, total and specific IgE and the latency of appearance of symptoms in patients positive for Anisakis larvae, patients without larvae at gastroscopy and patients without digestive symptoms. There was no difference among the groups. We challenged 22 patients with frozen A. simplex larvae. After allowing deep-frozen seafood in the diet for more than 2 years, no patient suffered a reaction. At this time, we allowed all our patients well-frozen seafood without any allergic reaction occurring. Allergic symptoms are the most frequent manifestation of A. simplex parasitism. We could not find any patient allergic to the thermostable proteins of parasite.

Intestinal anisakiasis in Italy: case report.

Abstract: A case of intestinal anisakiasis caused by Anisakis sp. larva type I in a woman from Italy who consumed raw marinated anchovies, is reported. The diagnosis was based on the morphological features characteristic of anisakid larval stages, which were readily recognized in a large granuloma removed after emergency surgical treatment.

A case of strangulated ileus by extra-gastrointestinal parasitism of anisakis larval nematode

Abstract: 症例は39歳,女性.腹痛と嘔吐を主訴に当院を受診した.腹部CT検査上回腸閉塞の所見を呈し,また拡張腸管の近傍に不整形高吸収域が認められた.イレウス管を挿入したが症状改善はなく,またCRP値の急激な上昇が認められた.絞扼性イレウスが疑われ,緊急開腹手術を施行した.小腸間膜上に径8 mm大の石灰化腫瘤を認め,そこを発端にした炎症性索状物によって小腸が絞扼され壊死となっていた.病理組織学的にこの腫瘤は多核白血球浸潤を伴う肉芽腫で,内部に壊死に陥った寄生虫が認められた.形態学的にこの虫体はアニサキスIV期幼虫と同定され,陳旧性の消化管外アニサキス症が原因で絞扼性イレウスを発症したものと結論した.自験例のような絞扼性イレウスの発症機転は稀であるが,開腹手術歴がなく絞扼の発生原因として有力な根拠に欠ける場合には,消化管外アニサキス症の関与も念頭に置く必要があると思われる.

Asymptomatic colonic anisakiasis identified during colonoscopy

Abstract: A 66-year-old-man had received colonoscopy periodically as a follow up since endoscopic polypectomy of the colon in February 1997. In March 2001, periodic colonoscopy revealed a worm penetrating the mucosa of the sigmoid colon. This worm was caught with biopsy forceps, and it was identified parasitologically as an Anisakis simplex larva (Anisakis larva type I). However, the patient had no complaint before or after the examination. The patient ingested lavage solution, including polyethylene glycol for the preparation of colonoscopy. Therefore, Anisakis larvae might be flushed quickly to the distal colon by an oral colon-wash without penetration of worms into the gastric or intestinal mucosa. In the present paper, we report on asymptomatic colonic anisakiasis treated successfully by endoscopic removal of the worm. In some cases, penetration of the worm causes cramp of the colon or immediate mucosal huge edematous change and results in intestinal obstruction. Colonoscopic removal of the worm would be most effective and safe if possible.

[Peter-the-Great Gulf fishes are a source of human invasion of the nematode Anisakis simplex (the family Anisakidae)].

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the rate of infection with the nematode Anisakis simplex in Peter-the-Great gulf fishes that are a source of human invasion. Five of 19 fish types were found to be nematode-free, and the extensiveness and intensity of invasion were observed in Siberian salmons (Oncorhynchus keta) (61% and 2-700 worms, respectively), Alaska pollacks (Theragra chalcogramma) (75.7% and 1-31 worms), and brown rock trouts (Hexagrammos octogrammus) (100% and 1-60 worms). Autopsy showed that the distribution of larvae was ambiguous in different fish species. Data on the survival of Anisakis were also obtained under experimental conditions. The nematodes were ascertained to die at -8 degrees C at the moment of complete fish freezing. Anisakis may be alive in the unfrozen fish for more than 40 days. The death of worms in the salted fish occurs within 3-8 days only when 6-10/1000 concentrations of NaCl salts are achieved at the sites of worms.

A Case of a Submucosal Tumor in the Ascending Colon Probably Caused by Anisakis.

Abstract: Anisakiasis refers to a parasitic infestation by nematode larvae that belong to the subfamily Anisakinae. Colonic anisakiasis is very rare, and it is hard to diagnose compared with gastric anisakiasis. Endoscopic or radiologic findings, history of raw fish intake and ELISA test might be helpful, however, exploratory operations were needed to confirm the diagosis in the many cases of colonic anisakiasis. Colonoscopy and endoscopic ultrasonography showed a submucosaltumor in the ascending colon in a 47-year-oldwoman who complained of right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Right hemicolectomy was performed to diagnose and cure the lesion. Pathologic examination revealed some destructed cuticle of a parasite and dense eosinophilic abscess showing central necrosis. She had a history of raw squid intake recently. We report a case of submucosal tumor in the ascending colon probably caused by Anisakis.

Endoparasites of Cetaceans Stranded along Coasts of Taiwan and Penghu

Abstract: We surveyed the parasites on 16 species of 205 dead whales and dolphins stranded along the coasts of Taiwan and Penghu. Eighty four specimens (41%) representing 15 species had endoparasitic infections. Helminthes included 2 genera of acanthocephalans, 3 genera of cestodes, 4 genera of nematodes, and 4 genera of trematodes. The worms were isolated from stomach, intestines, liver, fat tissue, or frontal sinus of the cetaceans. The highest infection rates were by nematodes, Anisakis sp., in 60 cetaceans (29.3%); followed by cestodes Phyllobothrium sp. in 14 (6.8%). Among the parasites, the nematodes Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova sp. (1.5%), and the acanthocephalans Bolbosoma sp. (2.9%) are important zoonoses. Anisakis sp., especially, are of public health importance because of the high rates of infection. The prevalence of Anisakis sp. larval infection among 10 species of sea-water fishes (10 fish in each species) was as high as 54%. This is the first record of endoparasite biodiversity among the diverse assemblage of cetaceans from Taiwan and Penghu.

[Gastric anisakidosis: personal experience].

Abstract: Anisakidosis is a parasitic disease of the human gastrointestinal tract caused by ingestion of marine nematode larvae such as anisakis simplex or, rarely, Pseudoterranova, present in raw or undercooked fish. Frequent sites of involvement by anisakis are the stomach, small intestine, rarely the colon, or the peritoneum, liver, pancreas, lung and tonsils, anisakidosis is a self-limiting disease; the symptoms arise 12-24 hours after ingesting raw fish and include nausea, diarrhoea, and severe abdominal pain, but also anaphylactic reactions. At the site of penetration, anisakis causes marked oedema, eosinophilic infiltration and granuloma formation. There are haematological abnormalities such as marked leukocytosis of the peripheral blood, eosinophilia, and positive PCR and serum antibodies to the larva's surface antigens. The diagnosis of anisakidosis can be made by endoscopy, radiology and US, but the disease is often diagnosed at surgical intervention. In the gastric form of anisakidosis, EGIDS has both a diagnostic role and a therapeutic one because it is possible to remove the worm using biopsy forceps. We report on one case of gastric anisakidosis, in a women, hospitalised for intense epigastric pain and vomiting after ingesting raw fish. She underwent gastroscopy. A worm was extracted from the gastric mucosa using biopsy forceps. This was followed by clinical improvement. The worm was identified by its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as an anisakis larva. At laboratory examination, marked leukocytosis and eosinophilia of the patient's peripheral blood were observed 3-4 days after ingestion of anisakis.