Showing papers on "Architecture published in 1986"

Natural energy and vernacular architecture : principles and examples with reference to hot arid climates

Abstract: Architect Hassan Fathy presents his insights into thevernacular wisdom of indigenous architectural forms that have evolved in hot aridclimates. He demonstrates the advantages of many locally available buildingmaterials and traditional building methods. Examples of both vernacularbuildings and modern structures are presented. Thermal performance of buildings,including the influence of sun, wind, and humidity factors, is dealt with indetail.Appendixes with thermal data. Glossary, bibliography (43 entries), numerousphotographs and ine drawings. PSUBKY=Architecture, vernacular; Building, performancethermal; Building, ventilation; Climate, desert; Building, climatology -- ICCROM

A history of architecture : settings and rituals

Abstract: Ten years in the making, A History of Architecture ranges from the first prehistoric environments on record to the most recent examples of urban design. A landmark work of impressive scope, the book is enhanced by 700 halftone illustrations and 150 drawings especially prepared by architect Richard Tobias. Kostof's range of study includes not only the monumental religious, governmental and upper-class structures around which architectural history has usually been written but also the diversity of ordinary domestic, rural, and urban buildings, and landscapes which surround them. Moreover, Kostof evaluates Western achievement in the context of contemporary cultures elsewhere. Thus he duscusses the high points of imperial Rome along with Buddhist stupas and Han palaces, compares medieval Florence with medieval Cairo, and introduces Inca and Aztec cities as the Spanish conquistadores would have seen them. The author's premise is that buldings are conditioned by the social, economic, and political frame of their time; in this sense, Kostof concludes, the history of architecture can be considered an aspect of the history of human institutions. "Architecture, in the end," he writes, "is nothing less than the gift of making places for some human purpose." About the Author: Spiro Kostof is Professor of Architectural History at the University of California at Berkeley. He is a former president of the Society of Architectural Historians and is the author of several books, among them Caves of God and The Third Rime, 1870-1950: Traffic and Glory, and editor of The Architect: Chapters in the History of the Profession

Efficient instruction scheduling for a pipelined architecture

Abstract: As part of an effort to develop an optimizing compiler for a pipelined architecture, a code reorganization algorithm has been developed that significantly reduces the number of runtime pipeline interlocks. In a pass after code generation, the algorithm uses a dag representation to heuristically schedule the instructions in each basic block.Previous algorithms for reducing pipeline interlocks have had worst-case runtimes of at least O (n4). By using a dag representation which prevents scheduling deadlocks and a selection method that requires no lookahead, the resulting algorithm reorganizes instructions almost as effectively in practice, while having an O (n2) worst-case runtime.

Postmodernism and Planning

Abstract: Postmodernism seems able to embrace any discourse on style, architecture, literature, with equal facility. Yet its erratic and chameleon-like form renders it susceptible to quick dismissal. In this...

Architects and firms : a sociological perspective on architectural practice

Abstract: Architecture is an art, a profession, a business. Architectural firms exist to design buildings, to serve social needs, to make profits. And many architects find that the goals of the firms that employ them run counter to the values that first attracted them to the profession. Sociologists of the professions have looked at law and medicine, but Blau is the first to make architecture the subject of an in-depth case study. This book vividly depicts the contradictions and dilemmas inherent in architectural practice, and corrects many assumptions about design professionals.While there are no easy recipes, Blau is able to identify the core ingredients of success and failure that correspond to the actual experiences of 152 Manhattan architectural firms over a five-year period. More than 400 architects were surveyed, their convictions and attitudes were assessed, and their values measured against management agendas and priorities. Whether architects agree with her conclusions or not (and there are many surprises in the book), they are strongly supported by data. Since the survey period spanned a severe economic recession, during which mere survival was an issue for many firms, the book's analysis of why some firms flounder while others flourish under the same conditions is particularly valuable.In the section called "Heroes and Rascals," Blau reveals how respondents ranked 50 wellknown architects, critics, and firms according to various standards, thereby revealing a lot about how professionals view themselves and the range of design approaches, mentors, and models available to them. The study exposes a great disparity between the attitudes of rank-and-file architects and firm heads; the clear inference is that younger architects place a much higher value on the humanistic and creative dimensions of architecture, which could be a major reason for the now chronic crisis the profession finds itself in.

Le Corbusier: Ideas and Forms

Abstract: An expanded edition on the master of Modernism, Le Corbusier, by award-winning architectural historian William J. R. Curtis. Originally published in 1996 to critical fanfair, scholar William J.R. Curtis has re-issued his classic text with extensive new scholarship and contemporary research that continues the high standard of the original. Presented chronologically with a clear narrative, Curtis has worked tirelessly not only to document Le Corbusier's key projects in detail but to contextualize them within the architect's overarching philosophy of urbanism and art and the pervading culture of Le Corbusier's time. With full access to the renowned Le Corbusier archive, Curtis' text is lavishly illustrated with new photographs, plans and original sketches and a fresh new design. Praise for the first edition: "This is not only the best single work on Le Corbusier - a model of scholarship, erudite yet eminently readable - it is also an invaluable analysis of the creative architectural process. It should be read and re-read by every student of architecture." - Building Design "William J. R. Curtis is the best architectural historian writing in the English language." - Chicago Tribune

Built for Change: Neighborhood Architecture in San Francisco

Abstract: "Built for Change" is one of the most thorough evaluations ever conducted of the physical transformation of an American city. It is at once a model for historical research in urban architecture, a critique of urban design and residential building practices, and an advocacy text on zoning, preservation, and development.Moudon focuses on design strategies that can preserve the traditional urban fabric while still accommodating new buildings. Her work in fact, has played an important role in the drafting of new planning codes for residential areas of San Francisco.Anne Vernez Moudon is Professor in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning and Director of the Urban Design Program at the University of Washington

Classical Architecture: The Poetics of Order

Abstract: This fascinating introduction to classical art and architecture is the first book to investigate the way classical buildings are put together as formal structures. It researches the generative rules, the poetics of composition that classical architecture shares with classical music, poetry, and drama, and is enriched by a variety of examples and an extensive analysis of compositional rules. The 205 line drawings make up a discourse of their own, a pictorial text that serves as an introductory theory of composition or basic design aid. Drawing from Vitruvius, the poetics of Aristotle, the theories of classical architecture, music, and poetry since the Renaissance, and the poetics of the Russian formalists, the authors present classical architecture as a coherent system of architectural thinking that is capable of producing a tragic humanistic discourse, a public art with critical, moral, and philosophical meaning.

Fast architecture for graphics processor

Abstract: A graphics processor having an independent processor for traversing a hierarchical graphics data base. The independent processor, termed a "tree traverser", generates a stream of addresses to the memory in which the data base is stored, producing a stream of data over a private, unidirectional data path to a geometry processor.

Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture, II

Abstract: Part 1 Buildings and Builders: Carpentry in Northfield, Massachusetts - The Domestic Architecture of Calvin Stearns and Sons, 1799-1856, JRitchie Garrison Samuel Wilson's Working World - Builders and Buildings in Chester Country Pennsylvania, 1780-1827, Gabrielle Lanier The Social Context of 18th-Century West New Jersey Brick Artistry, Michael J Chiarappa Good and Sufficient Language for Building, Catherine W Bishir Explicit Rules, Implicit Rules and Formal Variation in Vernacular Building, Howard Davis Exploring the Role of Women in the Creation of Vernacular Architecture, Rebecca Sample Bernstein and Carolyn Torma Part 2 Buildings and Regions: The Evolution of a Vernacular Tradition, Jay Edwards Pitched Roofs over Flat - The Emergence of a New Building Tradition in Hispanic New Mexico, Chris Wilson The Cycle of Transformation in Schaefferstown, Pennsylvania, Houses, Charles Bergengren Slave Villages in the Danish West Indies - Changes of the Late 18th and Early 19th Centuries, William Chapman African Virginians and the Vernacular Building Tradition in Richmond City, 1790-1860, Gregg D Kimball A Legacy of Coal - The Coal Company Towns of Southwestern Pennsylvania, Margaret M Mulrooney Charterville and the Landscape of Social Reform, Annmarie Adams Graeme Park and the Three-cell Plan - A Lost Type in Colonial Architecture, Mark Reinberger Grand Illusions - Decorative Interior Painting in North Carolina, Laura Phillips Domestic Architecture in Hispanic California - The Monterey Style Reconsidered, Mark L Brack Part 3 Buildings and Popular Culture: A History of American Beds and Bedrooms, Elizabeth Collins Cromley Getting the Houses to the People - Edward Bok, "The Ladies' Home Journal", and the Ideal House, Leland M Roth Toward a Performance Theory of the Suburban Ideal, 1877-1917, Mary Corbin Sies

A history of Western architecture

Abstract: In this highly acclaimed reference work David Watkin traces the history of western architecture from the earliest times in Mesopotamia and Egypt to the eclectic styles of the twenty-first century. The author emphasizes the ongoing vitality of the Classical language of architecture, underlining the continuity between, say, the work of Ictinus in fifth-century BC Athens and that of McKim, Mead and White in twentieth century New York. Authoritative, comprehensive and highly illustrated, this sixth edition has been expanded to bring the story of western architecture right up to date and includes a separate final chapter on twenty-first century developments, including the role of computers in architecture, sustainability, humanitarian architecture and very tall buildings.

The machine age in America, 1918-1941

Abstract: This study offers a comprehensive look at American art, architecture, photography, film, and industrial and graphic design in the years between the two world wars.

A concrete Atlantis : U.S. industrial building and European modern architecture, 1900-1925

Abstract: "Let us listen to the counsels of American engineers. But let us beware of American architects!" declared Le Corbusier, who like other European architects of his time believed that he saw in the work of American industrial builders a model of the way architecture should develop. It was a vision of an ideal world, a "concrete Atlantis" made up of daylight factories and grain elevators.In a book that suggests how good Modern was before it went wrong, Reyner Banham details the European discovery of this concrete Atlantis and examines a number of striking architectural instances where aspects of the International Style are anticipated by US industrial buildings.

History of modern art : painting, sculpture, architecture, photography

Abstract: Authoritative and insightful, Arnason's History of Modern Art remains the definitive source of information on the art of the Modern Era from modernism's mid-nineteenth century European beginnings to today's divergent art trends. Now full-color throughout, this Fifth Edition has been completely redesigned to make it even more elegant and easy-to-use. New heads, subheads, and a glossary have been added to help the reader navigate the material and quickly identify areas of interest.

The Architecture of Complexity

Abstract: In An Architecture of Complexity Kroll describes his working method and the theory that informs it, with reference to and illustrations of actual building projects over a period of twenty years.

French Gothic Architecture of the 12th and 13th Centuries

Abstract: Gothic architecture is the most visible and striking product of medieval European civilization. Jean Bony, whose reputation as a medievalist is worldwide, presents its development as an adventure of the imagination allied with radical technical advances - the result of a continuing quest for new ways of handling space and light as well as experimenting with the mechanics of stone construction. He shows how the new architecture came unexpectedly to be invented in the Paris region around 1140 and follows its history - in the great cathedrals of northern France and dozens of other key buildings - to the end of the thirteenth century, when profound changes occurred in the whole fabric of medieval civilization. Rich illustrations, including comprehensive maps, enhance the text and themselves constitute an exceptionally valuable documentation. Despite its evident scholarly intention, this book is not meant for specialists alone, but is conceived as a progressive infiltration into the complexities of history at work, revealing its unpredictable vitality to the uninitiated curious mind.

Court and Garden: From the French Hotel to the City of Modern Architecture

Abstract: The "tyranny of the private realm" is destroying our cities. Modern architecture, with its insistence on the mute object and its rejection of the conventions of street and square, has abdicated civic responsibility and eschewed the urban forms that express and promote it. In this eloquent and extensively illustrated study of the evolution of a modern conception of space, Michael Dennis explores the social, psychological, and especially the formal transformations that that led architects to trade the city of public space for a city of private icons. The French "hotel, " an aristocratic town house developed largely in Paris between 1550 and 1800, is a sophisticated instrument of urbanism that both chronicles the demise of the public realm and offers architectural techniques for reconstructing a spatially rich city. In its development from Italianate prototypes to an urban courtyard building and finally to a freestanding pavilion in a private garden, the French "hotel" illustrates the transformation of the city from one of platonic voids to one of platonic solids, from one of buildings that define space to one of buildings that treat space as merely left over.In reconstructing the origins of the modern city--and the modern sense of privacy--Dennis focuses on the plan of the "hotel" and on the relationship between the external and internal organization of buildings. He identifies three distinct "hotel" types--Baroque, Roccoco, and Neoclassical--and examines the urban and social changes reflected in their sitings and facades and in such details as the sequence of public and private rooms, patterns of circulation, and the proliferation of rooms with special functions.By studying the plans, Dennis asserts, modern architects can recapture the language of urbanism and learn how to reconcile modern and traditional modes of building organization and spatial development. The extensive documentation he provides--nearly 400 illustrations, including historical maps of Paris, "hotel" plans, and photographs of extant "hotels"--encourages that study and significantly extends the tradition of illustrated architectural treatises by Marot (c. 1670), Blondell (1752-1756) and Krafft (c. 1802), establishing this book as the definitive scholarly work on the French "hotel."A Graham Foundation Book.

Houses of glass: A nineteenth-century building type

Abstract: The glasshouses of the nineteenth century represent a remarkable confluence of opposites in architecture and technology. The architecture was designed to create an artificial climate in which people could return to paradise, and yet the technical means employed were also basic to the century's developing industrial grime -the other side of paradise. Enriched by more than 700 illustrations, "Houses of Glass "chronicles these pristine structures as they evolved from hothouses into exhibition halls, ballrooms, and theaters.Georg Kohlmaier is an architect and Barna von Sartory a sculptor. They have collaborated on many books and articles on contemporary architecture.

Document processing using heading rules storage and retrieval system for generating documents with hierarchical logical architectures

Abstract: A document generating system which includes an input device for inputting document data, a heading candidate extraction section for extracting, as a heading candidate, the word corresponding to the heading stored in a heading dictionary from the document data input at the input section. A heading decision section is implemented in the system for checking the heading candiate, that was extracted by the heading candidate extraction section according to a heading rule stored in a heading rule dictionary and for deciding whether the heading candidate is a heading. Also, a document architecture decision section is implemented in the system for checking the heading decided by the heading decision section according to document architecture rules stored in a document architecture rule dictionary. The architecture decision section is for determining the heading as satisfying the document architecture rule as a true heading, and the heading not satisfying the document architecture rule as being false heading.