Showing papers on "Assemblage (archaeology) published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that competition for food acts a s important structuring factor of nearshore fish assemblages in southern Bothnian Sea ( ~ 5 % S; > 15°C during 1.5 mo) and that extreme abiotic conditions appear to keep the Bothnian fish populations below the abundance level at which food shortage could become an important selective force.
Abstract: Temporal distribution, food selection, body size and growth periodicity of the fishes Pungitius pungitius, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Pomatoschistus rnicrops, Pornatoschistus minutus, Gobius niger and Phoxinus phoxinus were studied in southern Bothnian Sea ( ~ 5 % S; > 15°C during 1.5 mo). The hypothesis was tested that competition for food acts a s important structuring factor of nearshore fish assemblages. In spite of fluctuations in species numbers and relative abundances during the season, species diversity remained relatively stable No differences in mean food-niche widths were detectable between adults of each species; however, between juveniles such differences occurred. No correlations were found between mean food overlaps and food-n~che widths or species diversity No evidence could be found that would identify food competition as important structuring factor. In contrast, for a nearshore fish assemblage on the Swed~sh west coast, con~petitive interactions for food played, at least temporarily, an important role. Extreme abiotic conditions appear to keep the Bothnian fish populations below the abundance level at which food shortage could become an important selective force.
62 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that small-scale natural disturbances are not important in the maintenance of nematode species in this community of soft-bottom benthos.
Abstract: One of the predictions of theoretical treatments of soft-bottom benthos is: if disturbance were responsible for the persistence of a species in a community, that species should become disproportionately abundant in recently disturbed patches. We investigated this predict~on using marine free-living nematode species in subtidal (2 to 3 m depth) sediments off the Florida panhandle (2g054.55'N, 84\"31.45'W), frequently disturbed by stingrays (Dasyatis sabina). In disturbed sediments nematode densities gradually increased over 4 d until they exceeded abundances in background sediments 96 h after the initial disturbance. None of the species examined responded to disturbance in the manner expected. We conclude that small-scale natural disturbances are not important in the maintenance of nematode species in this community.
52 citations
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the type I and type II processes, that is, processes intervening between behavioral and discard assemblages and between archaeological and sample assemblage, respectively, that are responsible for the formation, destruction, and sampling of the archaeological record.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the type I and type II processes, that is, processes intervening between behavioral and discard assemblages and between archaeological and sample assemblages, respectively. These two processes conform to the now familiar C-transforms of Schiffer (1976:14–15), that is, cultural processes responsible for the formation, destruction, and sampling of the archaeological record. Behavioral archaeology continues to be an imposing feature on the archaeological landscape and, judging from the publication program of the titular founder of the new archaeology, it makes a strong claim to be the normal science of contemporary archaeology. From its inception, behavioral archaeology has been allied to the general goals of anthropological science, namely, to explain (understand) regularities and differences in cultural behavior. In the case of archaeology, these goals are pursued on the basis of observations made of the archaeological record, which itself consists of the residues of cultural behavior. In practice rather than in terms of stated general theoretical goals, behavioral archaeology has prospered on the unexamined optimism of this tenet. Its practitioners have emphasized that the archaeological record is a complicated transformation of past behavioral systems, that the nature of this transformation has not been adequately made explicit, and that such explication is a methodological requisite for any reliable inferences relating behavior and its material residues.
47 citations
01 Jan 1983
43 citations
TL;DR: An assemblage of microfossils from the mid-Proterozoic Mara Dolomite Member of the Emmerugga Dolomites, McArthur Group, Northern Territory, Australia, has been studied and suggests that these assemblages have stratigraphic potential.
13 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983
6 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1983
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the results of Q-mode factor analysis were applied to reduce the number of variables into assemblages, which revealed four important foraminiferal assemblage: ammonia beccarii, ammonia annectens, nonion boueanum and Florilus scaphum.
Abstract: Setty and Nigam (1980) had described 72 species of benthonic foraminifers from 25 inner shelf stations off central West Coast of India and the results showed somewhat patchy and anamolous distributions. This paper presents the results ofQ-mode factor analysis, which was applied to reduce the number of variables into assemblages. The analysis reveals 4 important foraminiferal assemblages.Ammonia beccarii—Ammonia annectens assemblage,Nonion boueanum—Florilus scaphum assemblage.Trochammina inflata assemblage andBulimina exilis assemblage. They can be related to freshwater run-off and organic matter contents of the sediment.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 1983
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, eight widely distributed Pennsylvanian and Permian radiolarian assemblages are defined for this region, which are dated by joint occurrence with conodonts, as well as correlation with dated radiolarians-bearing sequences on the craton of North America.
Abstract: Pennsylvanian and Permian radiolarians are common constituents of the allochthonous siliceous rocks of the Cordillera of North America. Eight widely distributed Pennsylvanian and Permian radiolarian assemblages are defined for this region. These assemblages are dated by (1) joint occurrence with conodonts, as well as by (2) correlation with dated radiolarian-bearing sequences on the craton of North America. From oldest to youngest, these assemblages are: (1) Pseudoalbaillella sp. A Assemblage: In Nevada this assemblage occurs with Desmoinesian conodonts. It correlates with Desmoinesian radiolarian faunas from Oklahoma. (2) Ps. U-forma-Ps. elegans Assemblage: This assemblage occurs with late Wolfcampian conodonts in Alaska. It apparently correlates directly with the Japanese assemblage of the same name. (3) Ps. sp. B-Ps. elegans Assemblage: The biostratigraphic position of this assemblage is uncertain. It predates Ps. scalprata Assemblage and probably postdates Ps. U-forma-Ps. elegans Assemblage in the Cordillera. This assemblage cannot be correlated directly with known North American cratonal faunas or with Japanese assemblages. (4) Ps. scalprata Assemblage: This assemblage occurs with Leonardian conodonts in Nevada and Alaska. It may be equivalent to the Japanese assemblages Ps. lomentaria and/or Ps. rhombothoracata. The latter occurs with late Wolfcampian conodonts. (5) Ps. sp. aff. Ps. rhombothoracata-Ps. sp. aff. Ps. sakmaraensis: This assemblage is not independently dated in the Cordillera; it appears, however, to grade into Follicucullus scholasticus Assemblage. It may be correlative with the Ps. rhombothoracata Assemblage in Japan and with the Leonardian Bone Spring Limestone of Texas. (6) Ps. fusiformis Group Assemblage: This assemblage is younger than or equivalent to the Cordilleran Ps. sp. aff. Ps. rhombothoracata-Ps. sp. aff. Ps. sakmaraensis Assemblage. The lower part of the assemblage zone correlates well with the Leonardian Bone Springs Limestone. The most closely related Japanese assemblage is Ps. globosa Assemblage. (7) Follicucullus scholasticus Assemblage: This assemblage occurs with Wordian(?) conodonts in northern California. It is apparently correlative with the Guadalupian Lamar Limestone of Texas and with the Japanese assemblages Fo. moancanthus(?) and Fo. scholasticus. (8) Neoalbaillella Assemblage: This assemblage correlates with either Na. optima and/or Na. ornithoformis Assemblages in Japan. Elements of this assemblage overlie Wordian brachiopods and underlie Middle Triassic ammonites in Nevada. The assemblage is not known to occur on the craton of North America. End_of_Article - Last_Page 522------------
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: McLean et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed some of the data collected from the Ashland Division, Custer National Forest, Montana to evaluate the different settlement and subsistence patterns that have been suggested.
Abstract: McLean, Gary A., M.A., September 1983 Anthropology Archaeology and Cultural Resource Management: A Case Study from the Ashland Division, Custer National Forest, Montana Archaeologists have suggested different settlement and sub sistence patterns of the prehistoric human occupants in Southeastern Montana. Prehistoric human behavior is, at least partially, reflected in the archaeological record. The purpose of this research is to analyze some of the data collected from the area to evaluate the different settlement and subsistence patterns that have been suggested. Using the chipped-stone artifact assemblage collected in a .. 1974 archaeological inventory, five hypotheses relating to prehistoric settlement/subsistence patterns are examined. In analyzing the functional attributes of the artifact assemblage observed, certain activity areas are identified that relate to prehistoric human settlement and subsistence patterns. This research identifies prehistoric human activities based on the artifact assemblage, not on the more subjective notion of site type. It also illustrates the need for an approach to cultural resource management that is compatible with anthropological theory. In the final analysis, a localized transhumance settlement and subsistence pattern is not in dicated. Likewise, a shift in settlement patterns over time is rejected. Director: Dee C. Taylor