Showing papers on "Azadirachta published in 1981"

Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Activities of Azadirachta indica*

Abstract: The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities, as well as the acute toxicity of AZADIRACHTA INDICA (Neem tree) extract were studied. It was found to have a pronounced anti-inflammatory (rat paw oedema) and a fairly good antipyretic effect (pyrogen induced hyperpyrexia in rabbits) . The acute oral toxicity test in mice showed a very low range of approximately 13 g/kg body weight.

Vegetative fallows and potential value of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) in the tropics

Abstract: Research into the systems of agriculture based on vegetative fallows should begin from enquiries into the shrubs and trees most efficient in restoring soil productivity and providing firewood, timber, fodder and other products essential to meeting basic needs at the rural household and community level. Local processing of such products can give rise to the establishment of thriving village industries and thus generate employment and additional income. Neem tree,Azadirachta indica, of the semiarid regions is one outstanding example of a species which is not only an efficient soil ameliorant but can also provide a series of products highly competitive in price and quality with petroleum-based synthetics. Enough scientific evidence has been gathered from several hundred references on the subject to warrant the launching of a well coordinated multidisciplinary research and development programme leading to agricultural, industrial and commercial exploitation of this tree. Proposals for the implementation of several projects within the programme are briefly outlined in this paper.

Response ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) andEarias insulana (Boisd.) larvae to azadirachtin and salannin

Abstract: The effect of azadirachtin and salannin, two triterpenoids isolated from seeds of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), on the feeding response ofSpodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) andEarias insulana (Boisd.) larvae, was investigated. Styropor (foamed polystyrene) lamellae were painted on both sides with a mixture of 5% sucrose with different concentrations of either azadirachtin or salannin dissoled in methanol-water (3∶7). Azadirachtin strongly suppressed feeding inS. littoralis larvae even at 0.001%, whereas salannin showed some antifeedant activity at 0.005% and above. Larvae ofE. insulana were deterred from feeding on azadirachtin-treated lamellae even at 0.005%, whereas salannin was effective only at 0.01% and above. Azadirachtin applied on cotton leaves deterred larvae ofS. littoralis from feeding at all concentrations ranging between 0.001 and 0.02%.

Insecticidal potential and biological activity of Indian indigenous plants against Musca domestica L.

Abstract: In tests in India, plant material thought to have insecticidal properties was obtained locally near Mysore and when powdered was incorporated at 15 or 30% (w/w) into a standardised culture medium on which eggs of Musca domestica L were seeded All 13 species of plants gave 100% control, those larvae that hatched failing to complete their development The plant material comprised: the leaf and stem of Tylophora asthmatica; the leaves of Cestrum nocturnum and Clerodendrum sp; the rhizomes of Acorus calamus and Withania somnifera; the seeds of Cocculus suberosus, Psoralea corylifolia, Nigella sativa, Peganum harmala, Hyoscyamus niger and Carum ajwanica; the kernel of Azadirachta indica; and the whole plant of Ruta graveolens The plant powders were then tested against the third-instar larvae by being mixed at 10, 20, 30 or 40% (w/w) with the rearing medium The best results were obtained with powders of Psoralea, Tylophora and Acorus, which gave 8445-90% mortality at concentrations of 20-40%, and 6843-7872% mortality at 10% Cestrum and Ruta were the next most effective (about 79 and 57% mortality at 40%, respectively) but the remaining species were not promising However, pupal mortality was high (90% at all concentrations) for Clerodendrum and good (90% at 30-40%; 5729-7622% at 10-20%) for Azadirachta

Pentanortriterpenoide aus Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae)

Abstract: Aus Samenol, Blattern und Rinde von Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) wurden erstmals Pentanortriterpenoide isoliert. Nimbinen (1a), 6-Desacetylnimbinen (1b), Nimbandiol (2a) und 6-O-Acetylnimbandiol (2b) finden sich im Samenol, 1a, b und 2a in den Blattern, 1a und b in der Rinde. Die Konstitutionen wurden NMR-spektroskopisch zugeordnet. Pentanortriterpenoids from Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) Pentanortriterpenoids have been isolated for the first time from seed oil, leaves, and bark of Azadirachta indica. Nimbinene (1a), 6-deacetylnimbinene (1b), nimbandiol (2a), and 6-O-acetylnimbandiol (2b) have been found in the seed oil, 1a, b and 2a in the leaves, 1a and b in the bark. The structure determination was carried out by NMR spectroscopy.

Epidermal Structure of some Important forest Plants 2 Neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss.)

Abstract: The paper describes some interesting hitherto unknown features of the epidermis of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Stomata are anomocytic, crowded in the mesh areas and develop in the perigenous manner.