Showing papers on "Base load power plant published in 1982"

Combination power plant

Abstract: A combination power plant including an ocean thermal energy conversion power plant and a steam generation power plant. Water discharged from a condenser in the ocean thermal energy conversion power plant is mixed with water discharged from an evaporator in the ocean thermal energy conversion power plant. The mixed water is used as cooling water for a condenser in the steam generation power plant. Part of the water discharged from the condenser in the steam generation power plant is used as heating water for the evaporator in the ocean thermal energy conversion power plant.

Method for maintenance and monitor of gas turbine plant

Abstract: PURPOSE:To forecast on line precisely a maintenance time by discriminating whether an operation state is under peak load or under base load from calculated power generating capacity value and by accumulating the time and number of every each operating state basing on this to obtain the turbine life. CONSTITUTION:The maintaining and watching apparatus 2 inputs a fuel gas amount 4, the turbine operating state 5, a generated power amount 6, a fuel state 7, a fuel oil amount 8 from a gas turbine power generating plant 1. The apparatus 2 outputs a combustion maintaining data 9, a hot gas bath maintaining data 10, a turbine exchanging data 11 to a monitoring output apparatus 3 according to these inputs signals to perform the maintenance and monitor in the gas turbine. The operating state is discriminated whether it is under the base load operation or under the peak load operation at each fuel basing on the power generating capacity due to each fuel of gas and oil to obtain the number and time of the operation at each operating state. The turbine life ratios of each operating state are calculated from this number and time of the operation, and the maintenance time is determined due to the turbine life ratio in all operating states.

Assessing the Benefits of Load Control

Abstract: A methodology for determining the avoided revenue requirements (benefits) as a result of load control is developed. This methodology can consider a decreasing future value of load control due to appliance efficiency improvements. Sample data is used to calculate these benefits for both peaking and base load capacity avoidance. The concept of assigning a load equivalance value to load control is introduced to enable the proper evaluation of benefits. Existing computer simulation techniques need to be enhanced to model the impact of load control on system capacity requirements.

Cycled Diesel Power Plants

Abstract: Dual battery cycled diesel power plants with properly selected hardware show promise of becoming the most economical and efficient means of non-conventional power generation for remote sites with loads from 300W up to 2000W. If properly operated, they can be expected to require only two maintenance visits each year and no major overhaul within a 10-year period. If the power consumption of a remote site without commercial AC power is reduced to a kilowatt or less and the site's continuously running diesel power plant is converted to the cycled mode, the operational cost of the site can be reduced to about one third. This paper presents the cycled diesel concept and describes our experience in the design, implementation and operation of a prototype plant based on this concept.

A Baseload Gas Turbine to Meet Utility Requirements for Reliability and Availability

Abstract: The coal gasifier, gas turbine, combined cycle is a superior baseload electric generating system. It promises lower fuel cost, lower operating and maintenance cost, and superior siting and environmental characteristics over conventional steam systems with flue gas clean up and fluidized bed combined cycle systems. Two major new components are required: 1) the coal gasifier, and 2) the baseload gas turbine. Several candidate gasifier systems are emerging from development for other applications. Existing gas turbines primarily reflect characteristics of peaking power units. Application of such design philosophies to the demanding performance and durability requirements of baseload operation is questionable. The baseload gas turbine must be designed with the high reliability, high availability, low maintenance characteristics associated with steam turbines. This paper summarizes United Technologies Corporation’s investigation of a new gas turbine designed specifically for baseload service with a coal gasifier fueled combined cycle. The design of this machine results from a cooperative effort by Kraftwerk Union, United Technologies Corporation, and Electric Power Research Institute.

Ocean thermal energy conversion – a base load renewable energy system

Abstract: The role of renewable energy, particularly ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), in the world energy scene during the remaining years of the 20th century is described. The OTEC concept, geographical locations for it, the economics and the financial requirements are reviewed. Technical problems are described, possible related development examined, and market estimates stated. It is concluded that OTEC demand for 1990-2000 is likely to outstrip manufacturing capability, and that OTEC can be a financially rewarding investment.

Power systems: Hope is rekindled for nuclear energy; new components can reduce power-system operating costs

Abstract: Reports on recent developments in the power system field including fuel cell power plants, combined cycle power plants, wind generators, MHD power generation, superconducting generators, power transformers, and metal oxide surge arresters.

Proposal for accelerating geothermal power development: especially for small systems

Abstract: Arguments are advanced to encourage (in countries with abundant geothermal resources and limited base load) the installation of geothermal power capacity well in excess of the system base load even though the plant would operate at a reduced plant factor for years. It is recommended that vented steam be condensed at pressure if adequate cooling water is available, or injected into the field. Advantages cited are: (1) lower initial production costs leading to still lower costs as the system load grows; (2) prolonging of the field; (3) return of most of the heat content of the vented steam to the field; and (4) reduction of pollution caused by steam and gases. Cost benefit analysis supports the conclusions. 2 references. (MJJ)

Methanol: future fuel for electric utilities

Abstract: The chemical derivation of methanol from synthesis gas is emerging as a way for electric utilities to continue using existing oil- and gas-fired power plants and avoid the economic and environmental constraints of new construction. Methanol is a clean fuel that burns at a lower temperature than most petroleum-based fuels. Despite a successful test of methanol as a turbine fuel, however, its current high price and low production level are prohibitive unless new technology is developed. Studies by the Electric Power Research Institute on Texaco's coal gasifiers and Chem Systems' liquid-phase methanol processes for either a baseload plant or a flexible peaking plant are promising, but must both be adapted for utility use. 1 figure, 1 table. (DCK)

Ensuring power-system stability

Abstract: Examines reliability analysis in utility system analysis with regard to thermal, voltage, and stability limits and properties that must be dealt with during all stages--from planning through operation of the grid. Explains that the need to cut down on the use of oil and gas for electric power production means that electricity must be carried over longer distances from remote baseload power plants, and this produces several system operating problems, one of which is stability. Discusses computer programs available which deal with specific stability problems. Points out that, leaving aside social costs of a major blackout, revenue losses and restoration costs alone may easily run a utility many times more than the expense of EPRI's entire research effort in this area. Concludes that the near-term goal of EPRI's Power System Planning and Operations Program is to provide the best possible tools so that electric utility planners and operators can understand and work within these limits.

Costing thermal electric power plants

Abstract: Purpose is to analyze the interrelationships of total capital investments, overall cycle efficiencies, and the net energy analysis (input/output energies) of electric power systems, to determine if there is correlation among these factors. While accuracy in such an analysis is not possible without detail designs, it may be possible to develop approximations helpful in studying the impact of efficiency improvements upon capital investments, and to make preliminary estimates of the capital costs of new technologies from net energy analysis data. If there is an interrelationship among alternative electric power systems, it may be possible to forecast trends in commercializing new technologies based upon price forecasts of conventionally fueled electric power systems. Presents table of 1980 generating costs (based upon capital investment requirements) for oil-power, coal-power, nuclear-LWR, oil shale-power, coal-HiBtu-power, coal-SRC-power, coal-combined cycle, LMFBR, fusion, OTEC, solar-thermal and photovoltaic systems. Demonstrates that net energy analysis data can be utilized to predict investment costs and generating costs of alternative energy systems, whether they are commercial or developmental in nature. Suggests that there is a predictable interrelationship among all energy options if comparisons are based on total energy cycle of each option.

Solar electricity-a low power technology

Abstract: The author examines the future potential of solar power with regard to its applications. He suggests that although the large size and small power output of solar cell electric systems are obstacles to high power usage, realistic low power applications can make a valuable contribution to world energy needs

Battery Charger Efficiency Optimization

Abstract: Energy can be saved in a telephone office by controlling each power plant rectifier so that its load is close to the value for which efficiency is highest. An example is given where energy savings of over $1,400 per year result when current sharing is added to a group of five 800 amp rectifiers (based on electricity that costs 5 cents per kwh). Previously these rectifiers ran mostly at full load or at no load. The amount of savings depends on how the total plant load varies with time, on how the rectifier efficiency varies with load, on the number of spare rectifiers and on how the rectifiers are controlled to share the load. How to calculate the exact energy loss per year for virtually any rectifier plant is explained in a step-by-step procedure. A detailed example is given. The procedure is used to present the yearly energy savings for eight typical combinations of rectifier type, plant load variation pattern and energy saving control. General conclusions are drawn about the situations where is should be practical to current share and where it is worth considering the turnoff of unused spares.

Assessment of a coal-gasification fuel-cell system for utility application. Final report

Abstract: The purpose of this scoping study was to define and assess the technical and economic feasibility of a coal gasification-advanced phosphoric acid fuel cell power plant for electric utility application. The system design criteria selected resulted in a modular, relatively small sized power plant that could be configured with a basic building block of appoximately 11 MW. A range of coals and lignite was evaluated as the basic feedstock for a low-Btu fixed-bed conventional air-blown coal gasifier. The system included gas processing, cleanup, compression and delivery of sulfur-free hydrogen-rich gas to an advanced phosphoric acid fuel cell. Equipment erection and operating costs, in 1981 dollars, were solicited from American industry for all process sections. The plant was designed and evaluated on the basis of low capital cost, lowest overall heat rate and, as far as possible, with off-the-shelf technology. A 44 MW lignite example plant utilizing the basic building block concept was defined and evaluated for Lincoln, Nebraska, as an example site. The plant was configured in five basic configurations covering all reasonable schemes for utilizing byproduct tar/oil and waste heat. The all electric plant configuration provided an overall system heat rate of 10,330 Btu/kWh, a total erected capital cost more » including startup and contingency of $1291/kW (constant 1981 dollars), and a calculated electric busbar cost of 52.9 mills/kWh. The plant can be constructed in less than two years, has been designed to meet all Federal emission standards and is well suited for either base load or intermediate load utility application. « less