Showing papers on "Biological anthropology published in 2008"
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: In this article, Kuklick et al. discuss the importance of the past in the making of a historical science and the role of women in the field in the Twentieth Century.
Abstract: List of Illustrations Notes on Contributors Introduction: Henrika Kuklick (University of Pennsylvania) 1 Anthropology before Anthropology: Harry Liebersohn (University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign) Major Traditions 2 North American Traditions in Anthropology: The Historiographic Baseline: Regna Darnell (University of Western Ontario) 3 The British Tradition: Henrika Kuklick (University of Pennsylvania) 4 Traditions in the German Language: H Glenn Penny (University of Iowa) 5 The Metamorphosis of Ethnology in France, 1839-1930: Emmanuelle Sibeud (University of Paris VIII) Early Obsessions 6 The Spiritual Dimension: Ivan Strenski (University of California, Riverside) 7 The Empire in Empiricism: The Polemics of Color: Barbara Saunders (University of Leuven) 8 Anthropology and the Classics: Robert Ackerman (Clare Hall, University of Cambridge) Neglected Pasts 9 Anthropology on the Periphery: The Early Schools of Nordic Anthropology: Christer Lindberg (Lund University and Turku University) 10 Colonial Commerce and Anthropological Knowledge: Dutch Ethnographic Museums in the European Context: Donna C Mehos (Eindhoven Technical University) 11 Political Fieldwork, Ethnographic Exile, and State Theory: Peasant Socialism and Anthropology in Late-Nineteenth-Century Russia: Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov (University of Cambridge) 12 Using the Past to Serve the Peasant: Chinese Archaeology and the Making of a Historical Science: Hilary A Smith (University of Pennsylvania) Biology 13 The Anthropology of Race Across the Darwinian Revolution: Thomas F Glick (Boston University) 14 Race across the Physical-Cultural Divide in American Anthropology: Jonathan Marks (University of North Carolina, Charlotte) 15 Temporality as Artifact in Paleoanthropology: How New Ideas of Race, Brutality, Molecular Drift, and the Powers of Time Have Affected Conceptions of Human Origins: Robert N Proctor (Stanford University) New Directions and Perspectives 16 Women in the Field in the Twentieth Century: Revolution, Involution, Devolution?: Lyn Schumaker (University of Manchester) 17 Visual Anthropology: Anna Grimshaw (Emory University) 18 Anthropological Regionalism: Rena Lederman (Princeton University) 19 Applied Anthropology: Merrill Singer (Yale University) Works Cited Index
57 citations
28 Jun 2008
TL;DR: Susan Kent was an archaeologist with a mission; at a time when increasing specialization was “in vogue,” she was a generalist who had a holistic, synthetic view of anthropology who had many and varied interests including an interest in my own field of biological anthropology.
Abstract: Susan Kent was an archaeologist with a mission; at a time when increasing specialization was “in vogue,” she was a generalist who had a holistic, synthetic view of anthropology. As can be seen by the breadth and scope of this volume she had many and varied interests including an interest in my own field of biological anthropology. We connected because we discovered that at around the same time we both independently developed similar ideas on a paleopathology of the skull known as porotic hyperostosis. The prevailing view of the time was that porotic hyperostosis was due to iron-deficiency anemia primarily caused by an iron-poor diet. We both questioned this—we felt that, for a number of reasons, it did not make sense that an iron-poor diet would be the main factor in the development of iron-deficiency anemia in ancient peoples. We strongly believed in examining issues from multidisciplinary, biocultural, and temporal perspectives, so both independently and together we explored iron and iron-deficiency anemia within prehistoric, historic, modern, medical, anthropological, biological, political, and cultural contexts. This chapter is a summary of our collaborative work and my own work on iron-deficiency anemia over a period of 20 years.
28 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2008
Abstract: Forest fragmentation, arising from deforestation, is a primary threat to primate conservation; however, species do not respond to fragmentation in the same manner. This dissertation examines how forest fragmentation affected 1) the distribution and persistence of six primate species and 2) the behavioral ecology of the northern bearded saki monkey (Chiropotes sagulatus). Research was conducted at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, located approximately 80 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Nine forest fragments and two areas of continuous forest were surveyed for primates from July-August 2003 and January 2005-June 2006. Fragment attributes (e.g., size, isolation, matrix attributes) were determined using satellite images. Although some species (e.g., red howler monkey, Alouatta seniculus) were common in the forest patches, other species (e.g., black spider monkey, Ateles paniscus) were rarely present. Primate species richness was predicted by fragment size, distance to closest forest patch greater than 0.5 ha, and proportion of secondary growth in the matrix, but primate characteristics (e.g., body size, home range, degree of frugivory) did not predict species presence in the fragments. Although the bearded saki monkey is a medium-size, highly frugivorous monkey with a large home range, it was present in forest fragments less than 5% of the species’ home range size in continuous forest. Each bearded saki group was followed for three consecutive days during each data cycle. Every five minutes, the location and behavior of the monkeys were recorded. Monkeys in the small forest fragments had smaller group sizes, smaller day ranges, different travel and
24 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil is analyzed.
Abstract: Analyzes the formation of the collection of scientific instruments at the Museu Nacional's Biological Anthropology Sector (previously known as the Physical Anthropology Division), Brazil. It focuses on the instruments used for anthropometric measurements. By drawing relations between this collection and other of the institution's biological anthropology collections, as well as the activities of Museu Nacional researchers within their sociopolitical and academic contexts, we arrive at a privileged view of the scientific methods and theories in use in the final decades of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth.
22 citations
Dissertation•
01 May 2008
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to demonstrate the efforts towards in-situ applicability of EMMARM, as to provide real-time information about the response of the immune system to infectious disease.
Abstract: Stony Brook University Libraries.
SBU Graduate School in Anthropology.
Lawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), John G. Fleagle- Dissertation Advisor
Distinguished Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, William L. Jungers- Chairperson of Defense
Professor and Chair, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Frederick E. Grine
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Eric Delson
Professor, Department of Anthropology
CUNY- Lehman College.
22 citations
Book•
01 Oct 2008
16 citations
Dissertation•
18 Sep 2008
TL;DR: Evolutionary Relationship Between Life History and Brain Growth in Anthropoid Primates is studied to establish a causal relationship between life history and brain growth and the rate of growth in these primates.
Abstract: Evolutionary Relationship Between Life History and Brain Growth in Anthropoid Primates
14 citations
01 Feb 2008
TL;DR: The use of statistical methods in the field of dental anthropology has been discussed in detail in this paper, where the mean and measures of dispersion were described, along with the two-sample (group comparison) t-test, and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient.
Abstract: Introduction Statistical methods have become a mainstay in physical anthropology – and a working knowledge of statistics is as necessary in dental anthropology as in any other aspect of the field. It may seem odd to have a chapter on statistics in a book discussing advances in dental anthropology. Statistics are tools – they are means of investigating questions – not ends in themselves, and they should not drive or limit the research. Also, there are no “dental” statistics; we are dealing with the same descriptive and inferential methods used in other areas of physical anthropology and in biology generally. On the other hand, access to and familiarity with statistical methods are two essentially separate issues that have molded, and continue to influence, the development of dental anthropology, as demonstrated elsewhere in this volume. This is not the first effort at characterizing the use of statistics in dental anthropology, and I will mention just a few key precedents. Going back a good ways, Wilder (1920) provided a rudimentary introduction to descriptive statistics in his manual on anthropometry; however, this was readily surpassed by Rudolf Martin's (1928) classic three-volume work “Lehrbuch der Anthropology,” that has a 49-page chapter on statistical methods. Martin's review was meant for all physical anthropology, with no specific mention of teeth in this chapter. The mean and measures of dispersion were described, along with the two-sample (group comparison) t-test, and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient.
14 citations
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2008
14 citations
01 Feb 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the growth of dental anthropology during the twentieth century and comment on potential directions in the twenty-first century, and encourage other workers to document the history of the field in their country or region.
Abstract: Introduction In 1991, Albert A. Dahlberg wrote “Historical perspective of dental anthropology” for the volume Advances in Dental Anthropology (Kelley and Larsen, 1991). A few years later, the senior author (Scott, 1997) wrote an historical paper on “Dental anthropology” for Frank Spencer's 1997 edited volume on the History of Physical Anthropology . Dahlberg was both a dentist and a pioneer in the field of dental anthropology. Because of those two abiding interests, his historical treatment focused as much on developments in oral biology as on the history of dental anthropology per se. Scott, a physical anthropologist, dealt with the early history of dental research, but the overall focus of his article revolved around the manner in which teeth have been used in anthropological research. Given the recency of these two articles, we do not want to simply reiterate points already made. Moreover, in no way is this general contribution comparable to articles on the history of dental anthropology in circumscribed geographic areas, such as those written for Australia (Brown, 1992, 1998) and Hungary (Kosa, 1993). We applaud these efforts and encourage other workers to document the history of the field in their country or region. Our goal is to focus broadly on the growth of dental anthropology during the twentieth century and comment on potential directions in the twenty-first century.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Morris et al. as mentioned in this paper examined the important philosophical shift from 'types' to 'populations' in our understanding of the physical anthropology of the Khoekhoe and found that the earlier literature must seem exceptionally alien with all its talk of types, bloodlines and physical features treated as if they were genetic alleles.
Abstract: Physical anthropology was obessed with types and racial purity for an exceptionally long time, only breaking through the clouds of typology in the 1960s and 1970s. For at least a hundred years, research on the Khoekhoe peoples of southern Africa was directed by the idea of Hamitic origins for these pastoralists, and the dynamics and variation of the native populations were ignored so that individuals that fit the pre-conceived appearance of the mythical Hamite could be identified. The three-race model (Bushman, Hottentot and Bantu) held sway until Singer's 1958 publication of The Boskop 'race' problem in which he criticized the type concept. Only after that seminal paper did population models begin to be considered in the study of aboriginal populations in South Africa. Here, I examine the important philosophical shift from 'types' to 'populations' in our understanding of the physical anthropology of the Khoekhoe. For many new researchers in the field, the earlier literature must seem exceptionally alien with all its talk of types, bloodlines and physical features treated as if they were genetic alleles. How much information from the earlier studies can be salvaged? To cite this article: Morris, A.G. 2008. Searching for 'real' Hottentots: the Khoekhoe in the history of South African physical anthropology. Southern African Humanities 20 : 221-33.
Book•
10 Dec 2008
TL;DR: This text balances the presentation of physical anthropology with archaeology and concludes with a new chapter that ties together the material on human biological and cultural adaptation by focusing on lessons learned from the authors' species evolution such as the impact of humans on the environment.
Abstract: UNDERSTANDING HUMANS: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARCHAEOLOGY shows students how anthropologists and archaeologists go about their work as they study human evolution, living nonhuman primates, human adaptation and variation, the origin and dispersal of modern humans, food production, the first civilizations of the Old and New Worlds, and so much more. Using a biocultural approach, the text balances the presentation of physical anthropology with archaeology and concludes with a new chapter that ties together the material on human biological and cultural adaptation by focusing on lessons learned from our species evolution such as the impact of humans on the environment. Students will also benefit from the new chapter opening learning objectives, "At a Glance" sections that summarize key concepts, and end-of-chapter "Critical Thinking Questions" that help students better understand the material and study more effectively for exams.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Medical research during the Japanese Colonial Period became systematic and active after the Keijo Imperial University Medical School was established in 1926 and extended its physical anthropology field study to Manchuria and China to get data on physics of the people in 1940.
Abstract: Medical research during the Japanese Colonial Period became systematic and active after the Keijo Imperial University Medical School was established in 1926. Various kinds of research were conducted there including pharmacological, physiological, pathological and parasitological research. The Keijo Imperial University was give a mission to study about Korea. Urgent topics for medical research included control of infectious diseases, hygiene and environmental health that might have affected colonizing bodies of the Japanese as well as the colonized. The bodies of Koreans had been studied by Japanese even before the establishment of the University. The Keijo Imperial University research team, however, organized several field studies for physical anthropology and blood typing research at the national scale to get representative sampling of the people from its north to its south of the Korean peninsula. In the filed, they relied upon the local police and administrative power to gather reluctant women and men to measure them in a great detail. The physical anthropology and blood typing research by the Japanese researchers was related to their eagerness to place Korean people in the geography of the races in the world. Using racial index R.I.(= (A%+AB%)/(B%+AB%)), the Japanese researchers put Koreans as a race between the Mongolian and the Japanese. The preoccupation with constitution and race also pervasively affected the medical practice: race (Japanese, Korean, or Japanese living in Korea) must be written in every kind of medical chart as a default. After the breakout of Chinese-Japanese War in 1937, the Keijo Imperial University researchers extended its physical anthropology field study to Manchuria and China to get data on physics of the people in 1940. The Japanese government and research foundations financially well supported the Keijo Imperial University researchers and the field studies for physical anthropology in Korea, Manchuria and China. The physical anthropology research was actively conducted hand in hand with imperialistic expansion, and driven by zeal for measuring the body.
TL;DR: Biographies of anthropologists are of similar importance for empirical and theoretical anthropology as ethnographies, grammars, and monographs in archaeology and biological anthropology as discussed by the authors, and they depict cultural dynamics from a person-centered, intimate, experience-near, and diachronic perspective on anthropology's cluster of sodalities.
Abstract: Biographies of anthropologists are widely recognized as useful for the history of science and the discipline. Introducing this special issue “Biographies of Anthropologists,” I argue that they not only provide information about anthropology, but also data for anthropology because they are studies of human agents enmeshed in social and cultural contexts, comparable to life histories of ethnographic informants. Biographies of anthropologists are of similar importance for empirical and theoretical anthropology as ethnographies, grammars, and monographs in archaeology and biological anthropology. They depict cultural dynamics from a person-centered, intimate, experience-near, and diachronic perspective on anthropology's cluster of sodalities.
Dissertation•
01 Jul 2008
TL;DR: This dissertation aims to provide a history of anthropology and its role in human evolution from hunter-gatherer to modern times through the lens of natural selection.
Abstract: Stony Brook University Libraries.
SBU Graduate School in Anthropology.
Lawrence Martin (Dean of Graduate School), Dr. Andreas Koenig, Ph.D., Dissertation Advisor
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Dr. John G. Fleagle, Ph.D., Chair
Distinguished Professor, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Dr. Patricia C. Wright, Ph.D., Member
Professor, Department of Anthropology, Dr. Charles H. Janson, Ph.D., Member
Professor, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Dr. Anthony F. Di Fiore, Ph.D. External Member
Professor, Department of Anthropology, New York University.
TL;DR: Kim et al. as discussed by the authors argued that the origin of modern Korean people can be traced back at least to the Bronze Age, if not to the Paleolithic, based on the absence of direct archaeological continuity between the Pale-olithic and the Neolithic.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is announced that in early 2009, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was selected for indexing and inclusion in SCOPUS the largest abstract and citation database of quality peer-reviewed research literature in scientific, medical, Engineering and social sciences fields.
Abstract: I am happy to announce to members of editorial board of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology, contributing authors, and to all our readers that in early 2009, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was selected for indexing and inclusion in SCOPUS the largest abstract and citation database of quality peer-reviewed research literature in scientific, medical, Engineering and social sciences fields. According to the letter sent by Scopus, this was in recognition of the high quality and relevance to the scientific community of the journal. Ever since the establishment of the journal in June 20071, we have been interesting in having our journal indexed in Scopus and have made every effort to make the journal an international publication of quality. In the later part of 2008, The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology was evaluated by board of technical review committee for its quality, originality and importance in the field of Anthropology, and was adjudged to be worthy of inclusion. This will definitely lead to an increase in the number of submissions to the journal and also to an increase in the number of citations of the articles from the journal cited by authors in other publications. We believe that this indexing will serve as means for the further development of the journal receiving the kind of articles that stimulate and gratify the new developments in the field of biological anthropology. I, along with the editorial board of the journal, would like to express sincere gratitude to our publisher Internet Scientific Publications for their support throughout. The availability of the full text on the website to all our readers is an added benefit for the growth of the journal and was helpful in obtaining the results we wanted. As you already know that inclusion in abstract & indexing (A&I) databases increases the visibility and awareness of full-text journals. The A&I databases will drive usage and traffic to the full-text platforms with sophisticated linking technologies, increasing journal brand awareness and subscription sales. Indexing in Scopus and Elsevier Bibliographic databases will enable readers to search and retrieve all articles from past and current issues. While the full content of articles has always been immediately available online to readers worldwide at http://www.ispub.com at no charge, the Scopus will make titles, abstracts and references available to people conducting searches for academics, research and development. Every journal editor attempts to ensure what is best for the journal for its survival and its well being such that not only do the number of readers increase but so that quality of the articles published is also enhanced. It is with this in mind since the last two years23 when the journal came into existence, many attempts have been made to improve the quality of the journal. We, of course, welcome our readers to contribute to this effort by giving in their views. One result of these endeavors has been that in this brief period of time, Scopus has indexed the journal and it is hoped that in the near future all the articles that appeared in the journal will be abstracted by Scopus. I am thankful to all the members of the editorial board and other outside experts who critically reviewed the manuscripts for this journal. Now we have just entered a new stage in the development of the journal. We should aim at further advancement in publishing good papers. We welcome all kind of articles that will satisfy our readers. This new issue of the journal (2009, Vol. 3, No.1) publishes seventeen articles including fourteen original articles, two up to date reviews and one case report. The issue covers vide variety of articles from social to biological perspectives in Enhancing the quality of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology 2 of 3 almost all the field of biological anthropology. In this issue, the original articles cover every aspect of anthropology having a bearing on biological anthropology like variability of finger and dermatoglyphics 456, sexual variation in foot dimensions7, relationship of somatoscopic variations with age8, anthropometry of foot with respect to various weight bearing conditions9, hand grip and its association with some anthropometric parameters10, nutritional status among children11, development of DNA from ancient human skeletal remains12, femoral anteversion and study of elongated styloid process1314, relationship of obesity with lumbar range of motion15, role of adolescence in language development16 and study of nasal parameters17. One review article is the forth part of the series “Prehistory of the Chhotanagpur region18. Another review article describes impact of gender bias on health and nutrition of the tribal women in relation to dynamics of development in India19. A case report presents assessment and discussion of ancestral background from skulls belonging to Greece20. We hope you enjoy reading this issue of new discoveries and up-to-date reviews. We therefore, look forward to receiving your papers and we invite your suggestions and comments for the improvement of The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology. Do e-mail us (gargkk@yahoo.com) your comments, questions, queries and pre-submission enquiries. Kewal Krishan, PhD Editor-in-Chief
05 Jun 2008
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used anthropological research in the classroom as a vehicle for teaching both ethnology and physical anthropology to teach students about the properties of human nature in a space colony.
Abstract: One hundred years of anthropological research has sought to discover the properties of human nature. This research bears directly on the problem of creating new societies in alien environments. Space colonization presents theoretical and practical problems which anthropology can help solve. These problems and the attempt to solve them can be used in the classroom as a vehicle for teaching both ethnology and physical anthropology. In such a course students would explore the findings of both cultural and biosocial anthropology, and use these findings to construct a space colony which has reasonable prognosis for survival.
Dissertation•
01 Jan 2008
TL;DR: Stone as mentioned in this paper examines how, at the moment when the discipline of anthropology became institutionalized, it dealt with the Jews in its discipline, and how this question spoke to broader anthropological concerns.
Abstract: By the end of the nineteenth century an earlier ethnological tradition, based mainly on the description of ‘exotic peoples’, had given way to a more scientistic, biologically determinist anthropology. The latter sought, through physical measurements, to explain the racial origins of humankind, taking it for granted that races existed and explaining scientifically how the world's peoples could be categorized on racial grounds. In this scheme the Jews presented a special problem, for most anthropologists assumed them to be racially pure and yet they looked like the majority populations wherever they lived. Thus, despite their small numbers, and despite the fact that anthropologists devoted more time to colonial subjects, almost all race scientists had something to say about the racial origins of the Jews and about how this question spoke to broader anthropological concerns. Stone examines how, at the moment when the discipline of anthropology became institutionalized, it dealt with the Jews in its ...
01 Jan 2008