Showing papers on "Charring published in 1983"

Char resistant foams

Abstract: "CHAR RESISTANT FOAMS" Abstract of the Disclosure The resistance to internal charring of molded styrene butadiene latex foam rubber when exposed to a lit cigarette is improved by the addition of certain organic phosphates or butyl benzyl phthalate.

Apparatus for produting charchoal from chip-like combustible such as chaff and sawdust

Abstract: PURPOSE:To make effectively charcoal using a simple apparatus wherein a raw combustible material loaded in a cylindrical charring furnace is charred in a specified manner. CONSTITUTION:A raw combustible material 4 (e.g., chip-like raw material such as chaff or sawdust) is loaded in the main body 3 of a cylindrical charring furnace having a roaster 5 at the bottom (the reference numeral 1 designates a chimney), and the top of the material 4 is set on fire by hot heat through an ignition auxiliary furnace 2 thereby the material 4 in the lower part is allowed to smolder with the aid of air passing through spaces in the material 4. This smoldering condition will gradually move downward and wben the heating power has gone as far as the lowest end of the material 4, a responsive actuation part 7 is actuated to close an air introduction closing lid 6 so that the inflow of the air is shut. Thereafter, the material 4 is smoldered by the heat kept in the charring furnace so that charcoal is efficiently produced.

The catalysis of coal gasification

Abstract: A study of the catalytic effects of alkali carbonates and other salts in the gasification of coal char and graphite in steam and CO/sub 2/ shows that the patterns of catalytic activity for the various additives are similar for both char and graphite. Reactivity of char is influenced by factors such as charring temperature, porosity, and the presence of mineral impurities. The progressive deactivation of the catalysed char samples observed during steam gasification appears to result from reactions of the salt additives with mineral matter in the char, forming stable silicates and aluminosilicates.

Characteristics of Various Types of Ablative Materials with Associated Naval Applications.

Abstract: : This thesis discusses the thermal and mechanical properties of subliming, melting, charring, and intumescent ablative materials. The use of intumescent ablators as thermal protection in low heat flux environments is emphasized. Models for analysis of transient ablation are discussed. Naval applications of intumescent ablators are examined. (Author)

Process and equipment for producing smoke for smoking

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing smoke for smoking by continuous charring of comminuted wood. According to the process of the invention, the moisture content of the comminuted wood material is determined and adjusted with steam or water, and the comminuted moistened wood particles are passed to a combustion point in a combustion furnace and burned therein. The temperature in the combustion furnace is measured, and the oxygen feed is controlled as a function of the measured temperature, and the smoke formed is then passed into a smoking chamber.

Char resistant styrene-butadiene copolymer foams

Abstract: The resistance to internal charring of molded styrene-butadiene latex foam rubber when exposed to a lit cigarette is improved by incorporating from about 10 to 30 parts by dry weight, per hundred parts by dry weight of latex of a compound selected from the group consisting of an organic phosphate of the formula wherein R is a C6-12 alkyl radical or a phenyl radical, which is unsubstituted or substituted by a C1-4 alkyl radical, butyl benzyl phthalate, and a mixture thereof.

Pressure Modeling of Char-Forming and Laminated Materials.

Abstract: : The pressure modeling technique is used to study upward fire spread on fuel wall composed of char-forming or laminated materials. Time-resolved measurements are obtained at one-atmosphere (full-scale) and at elevated air pressure (model scales) to characterize fire growth in terms of rate of total mass loss, flame height, upward flame spread rate, and maximum lateral flame dimensions during the spread process. The char-forming materials (pine-wood, particular-board and a rigid, polyurethane foam) are tested in a 90deg. wall-corner configuration while the laminated materials (PMMA in combination with PMMA or ceramic backings) are tested in a wall configuration. Thermally-thick PMMA is tested in both configurations for purposes of comparison. Results are generally consistent with the pressure modeling scheme and a series of one-dimensional, transient thermal conduction and pyrolysis calculations. The behavior of the rigid polyurethane foam, however, is an exception. This material does not support self-sustained upward flame spread at one-atmosphere when exposed to flames from a 0.1 m high PMMA ignition source but does not support rapid fire growth at elevated pressures. A possible reason for the anomalous polyurethane behavior is the intumescent structure of the hot char at one-atmosphere, but a better understanding of the mechanism of upward or wind-aided flame spread on charring materials is needed to resolve the issue.