Showing papers on "Cognitivism (psychology) published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue for a radically expanded view of social cognition as not merely the information-processing analysis of social domains, but as a field devoted to the study of the relationship between individual cognition and socio-cultural representations.
Abstract: Interest in social cognition is one of the major new developments in social psychology in recent years. This paper argues for a radically expanded view of social cognition as not merely the information-processing analysis of social domains, but as a field genuinely devoted to the study of the relationship between individual cognition and socio-cultural representations. Social cognition as a field of research thus has the unique potential of unifying the hitherto separated individual and social realms in psychology. Four relevant lines of argument are considered: (1) The implications of the currently dominant information-processing metaphor are contrasted with traditional social psychological theories. (2) Next, the historical roots of social cognition research in sociology, psychology and phenomenology are outlined, in support of an expanded conceptualization of the field. (3) The expansion of current research in three specific directions is suggested, to include (a) developmental, (b) affective and motivational, and (c) collective processes in social cognition. (4) The methodological implications of this expanded view of social cognition are discussed. It is concluded that a genuinely social approach to cognition as advocated here is not only congruent with historical formulations, but also offers exciting new opportunities for empirical research in social psychology.
101 citations
TL;DR: A study of Tolman's epistemological background, with a careful reading of his methodological writings, shows that Tolman was a cognitivist and a realist as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: E. C. Tolman's 'purposive behaviorism' is commonly interpreted as an attempt to operationalize a cognitivist theory of learning by the use of the 'Intervening Variable' (IV). Tolman would thus be a counterinstance to an otherwise reliable correlation of cognitivism with realism, and S-R behaviorism with operationalism. A study of Tolman's epistemological background, with a careful reading of his methodological writings, shows the common interpretation to be false. Tolman was a cognitivist and a realist. His 'IV' has been systematically misinterpreted by both behaviorists and antibehaviorists. For this reason, Tolman's alliance with modern cognitivism and his influence on its development have been underestimated.
80 citations
TL;DR: This chapter examines the current theories of social cognition and the intellectual history out of which social cognition has arisen and reveals the pervasive and continuing influence of two generic traditions within psychology: associationism and constructionism.
Abstract: Publisher Summary Social cognition is established to serve as a new forum for the ever increasing numbers of investigations. This chapter examines the current theories of social cognition and the intellectual history out of which social cognition has arisen. It also reveals the pervasive and continuing influence of two generic traditions within psychology: associationism and constructionism. It is salutary in the development of social cognition to explore its intellectual history, its associationist, and its constructionist traditions to address the question of whether or not social cognition represents an important theoretical advance. In the chapter, the roots of associationism as well as its present application in social cognition research and the roots of constructionism and its present application in social cognition research are also explored. The central concerns of cognitive psychology are representation and processing. These issues require the building and testing of theoretical constructs and models. The formation or processing of representations is directly observed and introspection regarding cognitive processes is problematic. The chapter also focuses on those investigations of social cognition that explicitly apply associationist or constructionist theory.
56 citations
Book•
30 Nov 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, Wittgenstein discusses the problem of explaining human intelligence and the concept of Consciousness in the context of human actions and cognition. But Wittgensteins and natural languages are not natural languages.
Abstract: Nature, Culture, and Persons.- The Concept of Consciousness.- Animal and Human Minds.- Action and Causality.- Puzzles About the Causal Explanation of Human Actions.- Cognitivism and the Problem of Explaining Human Intelligence.- Wittgenstein and Natural Languages.- Afterwords (2009).
14 citations
TL;DR: The authors argued that language acquisition is accomplished through a "creative construction" process and not through habit and argued that cognitivism in psychology and transformationalism in linguistics emerged as dominant intellectual forces.
Abstract: early 1960's when behaviorism in psychology and structuralism in linguistics waned and cognitivism in psychology and transformationalism in linguistics emerged as dominant intellectual forces. Some experts, e.g. Dulay and Burt,' have advocated the position that language acquisition is accomplished through a "creative construction" process and not through habit
2 citations