Showing papers on "Compression ratio published in 1974"

Gas Compression With the Liquid Jet Pump

Abstract: The isothermal compression of a gas by a liquid jet in a mixing throat followed by secondary compression in a diffuser is described by a one dimensional model including frictional losses. Good theory-experiment agreement is shown; pump efficiencies can exceed 40 percent. Mixing throat and diffuser energy analyses are presented. The isothermal compression mechanism in the throat is related to momentum transfer while the diffuser process consists of a pistonlike compression of entrained gas bubbles by the continuous liquid medium. The efficiency of a liquid-jet gas pump depends primarily on the mixing loss. The mixing loss function, the throat compression ratio and the Mach number are developed as functions of the throat inlet velocity ratio v and the jet pump number n. A zero mixing loss criterion defines the theoretically possible region of pump operation. Design applications are discussed.

Six cycle combustion and fluid vaporization engine

Abstract: A reciprocating piston engine of the type including a piston reciprocal in a cylinder toward and away from an expansion chamber at one end of the cylinder and also provided with intake and exhaust valves openable and closable in timed sequence with reciprocation of the piston. The valves are closed during the compression and power strokes of the piston and the exhaust valve is opened during the third stroke of the piston toward the expansion chamber. During the fourth stroke of the piston, a readily vaporizable liquid is injected into the expansion chamber under pressure for flashing into a vapor upon being heated by the residue heat of combustion in the expansion chamber and during the fifth and sixth strokes of the piston the exhaust and intake valves, respectively, are open to exhaust the vaporized liquid therefrom and intake a fresh combustible mixture of air and fuel into the expansion chamber and cylinder prior to compression of the mixture on the next stroke of the piston toward the expansion chamber. Also, the expansion chamber and piston include a plurality of fin portions for absorbing considerable quantities of heat during the combustion power stroke and the combustion gas exhaust stroke of the engine whereby sufficient residue of heat is retained within the combustion chamber for substantially instantly flashing the vaporizable liquid injected thereinto during the fourth stroke of the piston into a vapor.

Method and means for conditioning the intake air of a supercharged, low-compression ratio diesel engine

Abstract: A method of and means for conditioning a substantially highly supercharged, low-compression ratio Diesel engine at start and low-load or idling speed operation wherein the improvement consists in the step of temporarily preheating the air supply before it enters or is pressure fed into the combustion chambers of the engine cylinders.

Multicylinder heat engines

Abstract: A heat engine comprises at least one recycling cylinder having a relatively high compression ratio, at least one motive cylinder having a relatively low compression ratio and means for passing exhaust gases from said at least one motive cylinder to said at least one recycling cylinder, said at least one recycling cylinder providing motive power only during starting operation of the engine.

Crankcase-scavenged four stroke engine

Abstract: An internal combustion, reciprocating-piston engine which includes a sealed crankcase for inducting and compressing air or an air-fuel mixture into the engine. The compressed gas is then forced into a holding tank for subsequent induction into the cylinder combustion chamber. This pre-compresses or "supercharges" the fuel mixture before compression by the piston. An enclosed lift tube within the connecting rod is provided for conveying lubricating oil through the crankcase to the cylinder walls.

Protection device for engine operating on gas-oil mixture

Abstract: A device for protecting an internal combustion engine operating on a gasolene-oil mixture as fuel by cutting off supply of fuel to the engine when the mixture contains no oil, thus stopping the engine before any damage occurs. Oil is fed through a first channel to a mixing chamber. The gas is fed through a second channel to the chamber. The mixture is fed through a third channel from the chamber to the carburetor of the engine. When the flow of oil in the first channel fails, the reduced pressure actuates a piston to block the flow of the mixture through the third channel, thus stopping the engine. When the oil component disappears in the chamber, the pressure increases in the chamber and this increase actuates the same piston to again block mixture flow.

Rotary internal combustion engine with rotating circular piston

Abstract: A rotary internal combustion engine wherein the combustion chamber and the piston is formed with similar generally circular surfaces with the piston moving in an eccentric path of rotation within the combustion chamber and carrying with it improved combustion chamber separating vanes with sealing elements movable over the intake and exhaust ports and acting to prevent back flow and leaking around the vanes.

Internal combustion engine having continuous combustion

Abstract: In an internal combustion engine including a plurality of cylinders a piston is arranged for reciprocating movement in each of the cylinders, a separate combustion chamber coupled to the cylinders toward the end of each compression cycle when the piston is in the vicinity of its upper dead center for exchanging the compressed air within the respective cylinder with the combusted air-fuel mixture of the combustion chamber, wherein the coupling includes a transit valve for each cylinder, a switching arrangement coupled to the valve for coupling the valve to the combustion chamber to an input thereof at a predetermined instant for guiding the compressed air to the combustion chamber and with an exit opening of the combustion chamber at another predetermined instant for guiding combusted air-fuel mixture from the combustion chamber to the cylinders.

Air-to-fuel ratio control means for carbureter

Abstract: An air-to-fuel ratio control means provided in a carbureter of an automobile, in which control means a control valve for controlling the rate of flow of compensating air or compensating fuel is provided. Also, a drive means is provided to fix the control valve at positions at which an optimum air-to-fuel ratio is obtained depending upon the engine operating conditions, namely at the time of cold starting, under low-load low-speed and high-load high-speed engine operating conditions.

Variable compression ratio control system for internal combustion engines

Abstract: The internal combustion engine comprises one or more cylinders in which a main piston provides the means to drive a drive shaft, there is a cylinder head over the cylinders. Auxiliary pistons slide in each auxiliary cylinder in the cylinder head and each communicating with the main cylinder. The auxiliary piston moves up or down to change the compression ratio of each cylinder, each auxiliary cylinder is ported with a hydraulic pressure fluid supply for movement of the auxiliary piston to increase compression and ported to an exhaust to decrease compression, said porting is controlled by a differential resolver that is actuated by the throttle.

The energy dilemma

Abstract: THE AUTHOR DISCUSSES FUTURE ENGINE DESIGN AND EXHAUST EMISSION CONTROL DICTATED BY THE NEED FOR ENERGY CONSERVATION. SEVERE EMISSION REGULATIONS MAY NEED TO BE RELAXED. 0.4G LEAD/LITRE PETROL IS THE PREFERRED LEAD LEVEL WHILE INCREASING COMPRESSION RATIOS ABOVE 10 : 1 LEADS TO MECHANICAL PROBLEMS REQUIRING ENGINE REDESIGN. IF LEAD IS REMOVED COMPLETELY FROM PETROL THEN OCTANE NUMBERS AND COMPRESSION RATIOS MUST BE REDUCED, WITH ADVERSE EFFECTS ON ECONOMY. TO MEET EMISSION REGULATIONS, CARBURETORS MUST BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN THE MIXTURE STRENGTH WITHIN FINE LIMITS - SUCH CARBURETTORS COST MORE THAN CONVENTIONAL ONES. HIGH COMPRESSION RATIOS CONTRIBUTE TO HIGH EMISSIONS OF NOX. ONE METHOD OF ACHIEVING LOW EMISSIONS AND GOOD ECONOMY IS TO USE HIGH COMPRESSION RATIOS BUT LIMIT THE OUTPUT OF THE ENGINE SO THAT IT NEVER OPERATES AT FULL LOAD. RECYCLING EXHAUST GASES AND THE USE OF THERMAL REACTORS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. THE DURABILITY AND SAFETY OF CATALYTIC CONVERTERS IS QUESTIONED. THE CONTROL OF EMISSIONS MUST BE CLOSELY INTEGRATED WITH THE NEED TO IMPROVE ECONOMY.

First Paper: Effects of Simplifying Kinetic Assumptions in Calculating Nitric Oxide Formation in Spark-Ignition Engines

Abstract: The amount of NO (nitric oxide) developed during the combustion and expansion phases of the spark-ignition engine cycle has been calculated using several different kinetic formulations, for a range of fuel-air ratios at each of two compression ratios. Comparing the results shows the effects of including or omitting certain reactions and of applying the quasi-stationary assumption to the concentrations of N and N2O.

Rotary piston engine with improved housing and piston configuration

Abstract: A rotary piston engine has a plurality of explosion chambers situated around the periphery of the housing and includes within the housing a piston. According to the preferred embodiment, a housing having H recesses would contain a piston having P = H-1 lobes. According to the preferred embodiment, the structure of the housing relative to the piston, and vice-versa, has been improved to give optimum results. The relationship between the housing and the piston is such that it may be characterized by an optimum mathematical relationship which can make the construction of such machinery simpler than has been heretofore known. Additionally, the relationship between the improved piston and housing configuration is related to other engine parameters such as the compression ratio and efficiency.

Chambered piston for an internal combustion engine

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is provided with an interior chamber of relatively large cross-sectional area, e.g., about 30 percent of the piston area, and a nozzle of relatively smaller throat area, e.g., about 3 to 5 percent of the piston area, opening into the combustion chamber of the engine. Upon ignition, gases in the chamber in the piston act on a wall of said chamber opposite the nozzle and then expand through the nozzle into the combustion chamber to act also on the crown of the piston.

Pulse compression systems for use with meteorological radars

Abstract: The theory of pulse compression systems for extended precipitation targets is reviewed referring specifically to a 13:1 phase-coded compression system currently in use. The expected loss in sensitivity of a factor b, the compression ratio, is obtained compared with b2, obtained by transmitting shorter pulses. The effects of the range sidelobes in smoothing out steep gradients of reflectivity are examined. It is concluded that they are serious but not prohibitive.

Compression-ignition engine

Abstract: A compression-ignition engine which has a precombustion and a main combustion chamber in the crown of the piston.

Rotary-piston internal combustion engine having a combustion antechamber

Abstract: A rotary piston internal combustion engine having a combustion antechamber connected to the trochoidal cavity by a firing passage and an inlet passage, which latter is opened or closed by a valve operable by the engine so as to provide forced scavenging of the combustion antechamber. The valve may be operated by the pressure in the compression space of the engine, which pressure is conducted by a conduit to the valve, or may be operated by an engine-driven camshaft.

Measurement of the synchronization of a combustion engine

Abstract: Apparatus for the measurement of the synchronization of a combustion engine at suppressed ignition in a crank angle range measuring dead center using means for measuring the duration of the period of the breaker contact pulses for each combustion engine cylinder.

Torch ignited reciprocatory engine and method of operating the same

Abstract: The ratio of the volume of air-fuel mixture fed into on antechamber opening into the main combustion to the volume fed directly into the main combustion is not more than IN ORDER TO PREVENT PREMATURE FLOW OF AIR-FUEL MIXTURE FROM THE ANTECHAMBER INTO THE MAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER, WHERE phi IS THE RATIO OF THE ANTECHAMBER VOLUME TO THE CLEARANCE VOLUME AT TDC, Epsilon is the compression ratio, and Kappa is an empirical correction coefficient.

Turbocharging the 3 Litre V6 Ford Essex Engine

Abstract: Power and torque improvements of 30 per cent and 26 per cent respectively have been produced by turbocharging. A compression ratio of 7·6:1 is employed and petrol of 97 octane number RM is adequate.An acceptable torque curve has been obtained by the use of a turbine outlet restrictor; the standard intake manifold is retained and the compressor delivers to the standard carburettor. A unique combination of vehicle performance and driveability has resulted and exhaust and intake noise is readily controlled.Only minor engine component changes are necessary and mechanical reliability presents no problems. Specific fuel consumption is no higher than that of the normally-aspirated version of the engine, and emision of oxides of nitrogen is low.