Showing papers on "Conflict management published in 1981"
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose several operational measures, and develop one that allows the use of secondary (financial) data to measure organizational slack, which serves to reduce goal conflict, to reduce information processing needs, to promote political behavior, or to facilitate certain strategic behaviors.
Abstract: According to various writers, organizational slack serves to reduce goal conflict, to reduce information processing needs, to promote political behavior, or to facilitate certain strategic behaviors. The salient feature is that the slack construct is usually discussed without a concurrent attempt at empirical measurement. In this article I propose several operational measures, and develop one that allows the use of secondary (financial) data.
1,784 citations
786 citations
TL;DR: This article investigated whether the manner in which conflicts are resolved in Japanese-American joint ventures in Japan influenced the level of future mutual trust and found that Japanese managers perceived a high level of trust in the resolution of conflicts.
Abstract: This study investigated whether the manner in which conflicts are resolved in Japanese-American joint ventures in Japan influences the level of future mutual trust. Japanese managers perceived a hi...
110 citations
TL;DR: The utility of internal organizational systems of conflict resolution, or "due process", rests on the formulation of specific objectives and values, a high degree of decision-maker independence, balanced formality of procedures, and matching types of conflict with means of resolution as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A need for organizational procedures to resolve employee/employer conflict has been stimulated by expanding definitions of employee rights, greater statutory protection of employees, and the opportunity for corporate adaptation in areas of employee dissatisfaction. The utility of internal organizational systems of conflict resolution, or “due process,” rests on the formulation of specific objectives and values, a high degree of decision-maker independence, balanced formality of procedures, and matching types of conflict with means of resolution.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental methodology for examining conflict- handling behaviors is based on a two dimensional model that identifies five modes for managing conflict, and a study was conducted that illustrated t...
Abstract: An experimental methodology for examining conflict- handling behaviors is based on a two dimensional model that identifies five modes for managing conflict. A study was conducted that illustrated t...
77 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of the person/environment congruence model (from vocational psychology) to research on person/role conflict can help clarify this construct and develop better understanding of this type of employee stress.
Abstract: Within the considerable volume of research on role-stress antecedents and consequences, the construct of person/role conflict has rarely been studied separately from other forms of role conflict (intersender, intrasender, role overload). An extension of Holland's person/environment congruence-model (from vocational psychology) to research on person/role conflict can help clarify this construct. I propose three types of research to develop better understanding of this type of employee stress: development of a scale to measure perceptions of person/role conflict separately from other types of role conflict; application of the Holland model as a conceptual base as well as an objective measure of one aspect of person/role conflict — namely, person/role incongruence; and empirical tests of the propositions suggested by the Holland model.
58 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: The Professionalization of Nursing: The Leader and the Group * The Organization * Theories and Styles of Leadership * Components of Nursing Leadership.
Abstract: The Professionalization of Nursing * The Leader and the Group * The Organization * Theories and Styles of Leadership * Components of Nursing Leadership * The Nurse-Leader and the Process of Organizing * The Nurse-Leader and the Teaching-Learning Process * The Nurse-Leader and the Decision-Making Process * The Nurse-Leader and the Change Process * The Nurse-Leader and Conflict Management * The Nurse-Leader and the Process of Evaluation * Epilogue
31 citations
TL;DR: The authors assessed denominational, economic, local congregational, familial, theological, and personal fulfillment factors found in past research to influence the commitment of ministers to their present pastorates, and found that subjective feelings of challenge and skill utilization were the main determinants.
Abstract: This study assessed denominational, economic, local congregational, familial, theological, and personal fulfillment factors found in past research to influence vocational commitment of ministers. The sample included ministers of seven Protestant denominations in the Chicago area. Most predictive of vocational commitment were personal fulfillment factors, which were especially important for the ministers' commitment to their present pastorates. Also important were spouses' satisfaction with their role and local congregational factors such as staff relationships and conflict management. Objective conditions of ministry, such as denomination, church size, income, age, and spouse's employment status were not directly predictive of vocational commitment. Subjective feelings of challenge and skill utilization were the main determinants.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, techniques for resolving conflicts between persons can be incorporated in an MCDM framework that explicates conflict among simultaneous goals and reveals value conflicts between managers and subordinates, which can help in the formulation of goal-conflict decisions in MBO contexts.
Abstract: Management by objectives tends to focus on one goal or objective at a time or on goals that can be made consistent. Little attention in either literature or practice is given to goals that are to be achieved simultaneously, yet conflict. Recent work in multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) can help in the formulation of goal-conflict decisions in MBO contexts. Techniques for resolving conflicts between persons can be incorporated in an MCDM framework that explicates conflict among simultaneous goals and reveals value conflicts between managers and subordinates.
10 citations
01 Jan 1981
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unit in conflict management communication skills is presented. But the unit is not designed for conflict-sensitive communication skills, and it does not include conflict-awareness skills.
Abstract: (1981). A unit in conflict management communication skills. Communication Education: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 265-273.
TL;DR: Empirical data collected from administrators and purchasing managers in 56 general short term hospital facilities together with in-depth interviews conducted in 9 hospitals provided insights as to how to improve the quality of services in these facilities.
Abstract: Empirical data collected from administrators and purchasing managers in 56 general short term hospital facilities together with in-depth interviews conducted in 9 hospitals provided insights as to ...
01 Nov 1981
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed data from 33 cohabiting couples from a conflict theory perspective and found that commitment balance in a co-habiting relationship (i.e., equal commitment to the relationship rather than one partner valuing it more) is important in understanding conflict processes.
Abstract: Data from 33 cohabiting couples are analyzed from a conflict theory perspective. Commitment balance in a cohabiting relationship (i.e., equal commitment to the relationship rather than one partner valuing it more) is found to be important in understanding conflict processes. Five hypotheses are developed from this theoretical perspective and these findings.
01 Jan 1981
TL;DR: In this paper, a bibliography organized the diffuse material needed for documentation and analysis of the issues in natural resource and environmental issues is presented. But the focus of the bibliography is on the participants from business, government, and citizen organizations.
Abstract: Increasing conflicts over natural resource and environmental issues are introducing new coping techniques, which raise new questions. This bibliography organizes the diffuse material needed for documentation and analysis of the issues. The material is divided into five major categories: (1) the theory, types, and case studies; (2) perspectives of the participants from business, government, and citizen organizations; (3) mediation and other approaches to conflict management; (4) theory, techniques, and case studies of citizen participation; and (5) general and specific techniques and theory of conflict negotiation. (DCK)
01 May 1981