Showing papers on "Coping (psychology) published in 1974"

Stress, appraisal, and coping

Abstract: Here is a monumental work that continues in the tradition pioneered by co-author Richard Lazarus in his classic book Psychological Stress and the Coping Process. Dr. Lazarus and his collaborator, Dr. Susan Folkman, present here a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping which have become major themes of theory and investigation. As an integrative theoretical analysis, this volume pulls together two decades of research and thought on issues in behavioral medicine, emotion, stress management, treatment, and life span development. A selective review of the most pertinent literature is included in each chapter. The total reference listing for the book extends to 60 pages. This work is necessarily multidisciplinary, reflecting the many dimensions of stress-related problems and their situation within a complex social context. While the emphasis is on psychological aspects of stress, the book is oriented towards professionals in various disciplines, as well as advanced students and educated laypersons. The intended audience ranges from psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, and social workers to sociologists, anthropologists, medical researchers, and physiologists.

Psychological stress and coping in adaptation and illness.

Abstract: Research and thought in psychosomatic medicine must seek understanding of the psychological processes making a person's encounter with the environment stressful, and how these encounters lead to a variety of coping processes, emotional states, disease precursors, and stress disorders. One major theme of this paper is that every instance of adaptive commerce between a person and the environment is appraised cognitively as to its significance for the person's well-being. Such appraisals underlie the ebb and flow of emotional states, their quality and intensity. A second theme is an analysis of the debate about whether the bodily response to stress emotions is specific to the psychodynamics of the stressful encounter or general and non-specific. Third, it is argued that self-regulatory processes as well as cognitive appraisals are key mediators of the person's reactions to stressful transactions, and hence shape the somatic outcome. Two types of self-regulatory processes are distinguished: 1) direct action, ...

Phases in coping: the hypothesis and its implications.

Abstract: (1974). Phases in coping: The hypothesis and its implications. Social Biology: Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1-7.

An Approach to Primary Prevention of Drug Abuse Among Children and Youth-Parental Influence.

Abstract: Parental influence is the source of primary prevention of drug use by children and youth in this country today. Parents may feel helpless to combat the use of drugs by their children as a way of coping with the responsibilities of daily living. Guidelines for effective parent-child relationships are offered as one approach to insure a positive future for our nation's children and youth, and revive the potency of parents as sources of positive influence.

Teaching Social Studies to Special Children

Abstract: This article discusses problems special education teachers may have in presenting social studies to their pupils. A student's poor reading ability, deficient memory, visual-spatial disturbances, and lack of understanding of abstract ideas are likely to interfere greatly with learning. Techniques and ideas for coping with these problems are suggested.

Ego functioning in old age: early adult life antecedents.

Abstract: Do aspects of intelligence, health, socioeconomic status, personality, and family relations in young adulthood relate to adaptability in old age? Correlations are reported between three alternative measures of old age adaptability (coping, defense, and disorganization) and measures in five areas of status and behavior in young adulthood (representing a 40 year longitudinal analysis). Coping ability in old age is most associated with variations in intellectual capacity and socioeconomic status, especially for women. Ego disorganization in old age is most related to variations in socioeconomic status and family relations in young adulthood. The data suggest that adaptability in old age is associated with environments and behaviors early along the adult life course but that the strength of over-time connection varies according to the sex of the subject, the model of old age adaptability used, and the aspects of status and behavior considered in young adulthood.

Some Thoughts on Creating the Future

Abstract: Most futurologists seem to assume that the best way of coping with the future is to perfect methodologies of prediction, but the ability to forecast accurately may not be the crucial element in dealing effectively with the future. Rather, trying to create the future might be far more fruitful, a possibility this paper explores in some detail.

Urban Skills and Religion: Mechanisms for Coping and Defense Among the Ugandan Asians

Abstract: The Asians of Uganda were a middle-man minority under great pressure during 1971. Many were leaving the country each week, and most viewed themselves as having no future in East Africa. A random sample of 190 Kampala, Uganda, Hindus, and 104 Ismaili Muslims was used to test, in this natural setting, several hypotheses concerning coping ability and defenses among a minority under stress. Findings were (1) religiosity reduces anxiety or insecurity, but tends to be accompanied by feelings of empirical fatalism in a stressful situation; (2) those Asians with high socioeconomic status and local investments see themselves as more vulnerable and are thus more emotionally insecure, but high SES also makes them feel more able to cope or change their situations if necessary. The significance and implications of these findings are explored in closing.