Showing papers on "Countercurrent exchange published in 1968"
TL;DR: An analytical model for the counter-current heat exchange mechanism in animals has been formulated and a solution has been obtained that allows a delineation of those situations in which counter- current heat transfer is important, and also a quantitative prediction of the heat transfer and temperature distributions.
125 citations
Patent•
14 Mar 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a process and analogy for separating a compositional component from a solution by contending hot liquid to be separated from a cold wall is presented. But, in this case, the wall is located between a MEMBRANE and a COLD WALL.
Abstract: A PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING A COMPONENT FROM A SOLUTION BY CIRCULATING HOT LIQUID TO BE DISTILLED AND, IN COUNTERCURRENT THERETO, COOLING LIQUID AT RESPECTIVELY OPPOSIT SIDES OF A GASEOUS REGION SITUATED BETWEEN A MEMBRANE WHICH IS PERMEABLE TO THE VAPOR OF THE COMPONENT TO BE SEPARATED AND A COLD WALL ON WHICH THAT VAPOR IS TO CONDENSE.
62 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed approximate methods for designing countercurrent extraction equipment when the backmixing is high in either or both phases of the extraction process and devised rules which define the boundary between high and low back mixing in each phase.
12 citations
Patent•
08 Apr 1968
TL;DR: In this article, a continuuous cyclic process for the contact of a contaminator with a solider in a column-loop is described. But it does not specify whether the solider is used to transfer or load the contaminant onto the soliders.
Abstract: A CONTINUOUS CYCLIC PROCESS FOR COUNTERCURRENT CONTACT OF A CONTAMINANT CONTAINING LIQUID WITH A SOLID IN A COLUMN LOOP WHICH INCLUDES INTRODUCING THE CONTAMINANT CONTAINING LIQUID INTO THE UPPER PORTION OF ONE SECTION OF THE COLUMN LOOP FOR DOWNWARD FLOW THROUGH THE SOLIDS BED THEREIN TO TRANSFER OR LOAD THE CONTAMINANT ONTO THE SOLIDS. THE SECTION IS POSITIONED ADJACENT THE UPPER END OF THE COLUMN LOOP. LIQUID WITH A REDUCED AMOUNT OF CONTAMINANT IS WITHDRAWN FROM THE LOWER PORTION OF THIS SECTION. A REGENERATING AGENT IS FED TO THE LOWER PORTION OF ANOTHER SECTION OF THE COLUMN LOOP FOR FLOW THROUGH A BED OF SOLIDS LOADED WITH THE CONTAMINANT. THE FLOW OF LIQUID AND REGENERATING AGENT ARE INTERRUPTED AND THE SOLIDS BED IS SHIFTED AROUND THE LOOP AND THE LOADING AND REGENERATING CYCLES ARE THEN REPEATED.
8 citations
8 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydrodynamics of the downward motion of a liquid film in vertical tubes in an air-vapor countercurrent was investigated. And the theoretical relationship for the liquid-film thicknesses and the tube-break-up density was derived.
Abstract: Results from experimental investigation into the hydrodynamics of the downward motion of a liquid film in vertical tubes in an air-vapor countercurrent are presented. In addition, we have derived the theoretical relationships for the liquid-film thicknesses and the tube-“break-up” density.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, numerical solutions for steady-state and transient behavior in countercurrent heat exchangers with short contact time were obtained for two simplified velocity profiles: plug flow and a linear velocity profile.
5 citations
Patent•
05 Jun 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a flow of liquids and solids through a large number of mixing zones of which one is composed of a plurality of POCKETS INTERCONNECTED with each other.
Abstract: LIQUIDS AND SOLID MATERIAL ARE IN COUNTERCURRENT FLOW THROUGH A PLURALITY OF MIXING ZONES OF WHICH ONE IS COMPOSED OF A PLURALITY OF POCKETS INTERCONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER. SOLID MATERIAL IS PERIODICALLY PASSED THROUGH EACH POCKET AND PARTIALLY RECYCLED, WHILE EXTRACTED MATERIAL IS WITHDRAWN. OVERALL EXTRACTION TIME IS SUBSTANTIALLY LESSENED.
5 citations
TL;DR: The theory of countercurrent extraction as a criterion of purity is described in this article, and application of the theory fully established the purity of two disperse dyes that had been separated by the countercurrent technique.
Abstract: The theory of countercurrent extraction as a criterion of purity is described. Application of the theory fully established the purity of two disperse dyes that had been separated by the countercurrent technique. The use of the method to show that a mixture of materials is such is discussed. Its limitation with regard to ionic compounds is also discussed.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study of the motion of particles of a dispersal material in countercurrent gas-suspension jets is presented, where data have been obtained on the solid-phase particles in the acceleration segment and in the zone in which the gas suspension jets intersect.
Abstract: Results are presented from an experimental study of the motion of particles of a disperse material in countercurrent gas-suspension jets. Data have been obtained on the motion of the solid-phase particles in the acceleration segment and in the zone in which the gas-suspension jets intersect.
4 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Perturbations of the simulation model corresponding to some proposed mechanisms of saline-and mannitol-induced diuresis also result in a close correspondence between the model and experimental data, allowing further evaluation of these proposed mechanisms.
Abstract: A simulation model of nephron function was developed in which the loop of Henle acts as the countercurrent multiplier and an active time-limited sodium transport system along the ascending limb of the loop of Henle initiates the "single effect." The vasa recta acts passively as a countercurrent exchanger. Urea gradients are developed in the model through a passive time-dependent redistribution process which operates as a function of the regional osmotic redistribution of water. The steady-state antidiuretic operation of the model results in the development of renal interstitial osmotic profiles and in tubular filtrate-to-plasma ratios of inulin, electrolytes and urea that correspond closely with experimental data. Perturbations of the simulation model corresponding to some proposed mechanisms of saline-and mannitol-induced diuresis also result in a close correspondence between the model and experimental data, allowing further evaluation of these proposed mechanisms.