Showing papers on "Cover (algebra) published in 1986"

Cover forming apparatus

Abstract: A cover forming apparatus for forming a sheet of material about an object to produce a decorative cover for the object. The cover forming apparatus includes a cover former having an object opening formed through a portion thereof which is adapted to receive the object. The cover former includes portions forming resilient contactors which are adapted to resiliently engage portions of the sheet of material for pressing the engaged portions of the sheet of material against the object when the sheet of material and the object are passed through the object opening. The cover forming apparatus particularly is useful for forming the sheet of material about flower pots to form a decorative flower pot cover.

Cup cover having opening means

Abstract: A cover for a disposable drinking cup is provided The cover has a hinged tab defined by score lines which is re-closable A pair of spaced apart arcuate ribs is provided on the cover which forms an arcuate recess The recess is designed to releasably engage the tab and retain it in an open position A sump can also be included on the cover, which serves as a collection reservoir for any spilled liquid

Mattress with removable mattress cover

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved mattress arrangement wherein the outer portion of the mattress body itself includes a deck covering which may be a conventional fabric or sheet of waterproof material for preventing any moisture from passing therethrough and into the interior of the mattress. The removable mattress cover is removably secured to the deck cover about the outer peripheral edges thereof, as by zippers or the like, so that the removable mattress cover can be removed for laundering, washing, cleaning, or replacement. Different and distinct removable mattress covers or pads can be substituted for one another and changed with the season or desires or needs of the individual occupying the bed. Furthermore, the construction of the removal mattress covers may include upper and lower surfaces of natural or synthetic material with intermediate layers of foam materials or fill material and various single layer members or materials, such as sheepskin, or the like, can also be used. Intermediate layers can be disposed between the lower surface of the removable mattress cover and the upper surface of the deck cover, including such members as waterproof sheets and/or absorbent foam pads.

Foldable display for computer disks

Abstract: A foldable display device includes three serially connected folding sections. Two cover sections may include computer disk receiving pockets. The pockets on each cover section face one another when the covers are folded to a closed condition but will face opposite and outward when the covers are pivoted to an open display condition. A single flap and fastener assembly secures the cover sections in the closed condition and also functions as a brace between the two cover sections when the device is in the open, display condition.

A guide for estimating cover.

Abstract: The 1983 report of the Society for Range Management's Range Inventory Standardization Committee (RISC) proposes definitions for three kinds of cover measurements: canopy cover, foliar cover, and ground cover. RISC defines canopy cover as: "the percentage of ground covered by a vertical projection of the outermost perimeter of the natural spread of foliage of plants. Small openings within the canopy are included. It may exceed 100%." Foliar cover is defined as: "the percentage of ground covered by the vertical projection of the aerial portion of plants. Small openings in the canopy and intraspecific overlap are excluded. Foliar cover is always less than canopy cover; either may exceed 100%." Ground cover is defined as: "the percentage of material, other than bare ground, covering the land surface. It may include live and standing dead vegetation, litter, cobble, gravel, stones, and bedrock. Ground cover plus bare ground would total 100%." Canopy cover ignores small openings in the canopy, whereas, foliar cover takes these into account. Ground cover is the total of everything providing direct cover to the land, whereas, canopy cover and foliar cover take into account vegetational layering that commonly occurs in plant communities. Each has its own attributes. Of the three, canopy cover is best suited as a practical field procedure for documenting a plant community.

Relationships of the Error Associated with Ocular Estimation and Actual Total Cover

Abstract: The relationship between the error associated with the ocular estimation of cover and the magnitude of actual cover was ewamined by estimation of artificially constructed images of known cover under laboratory conditions. Estimation error varied with actual cover in a manner suggesting that cover classes should be relatively narrow at the extremes of actual cover. Ocular estimation of plant cover is a fundamental and widely employed method for the evaluation of plant dominance, succession and treatment response in vegetation studies. Relationships between error incurred with such estimates and the magnitude of percent cover are, however, lacking in the literature. While this function may be largely circumvented by the use of estimation classes (Daubenmire 1959, Braun-Blanquet 1965, Domin and Krajina (in Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg 1974)), the width and distribution of these classes has been intuitive. The purpose of this investigation was to better define the relationship between actual percent cover and the error associated with ocular estimation. The ocular estimation of plant cover is complicated by the great variety of life forms, surface contrasts, and canopy relationships. It is unrealistic to examine estimation of error over an infinite combination of these variables. In addition, the parametric values for cover in natural populations is seldom known and is often unstable. Rather, this study focused upon the basic relationship between error and cover, controlling for the aforementioned factors through the use of an artificial population of two-dimensional images of known coverage. The implicit compromises that this approach entails are the restrictions of no overlap and nonrandomness at the edge of field (Schultz et al. 1961). By taking this approach, however, we may interpret our findings in terms of a “best case” situation, upon which future investigations dealing with more complex situations may build. Materials and Methods The artificial population used in this study consisted of 20 twodimensional images of known coverage. The images consisted of irregular, entire, light-green colored paper figures mounted with varying degrees of aggregation on white posterboard, arranged to avoid any overlap among the figures or with a round 0.25meters square quadrat boundary. The choice of quadrat size and shape, as well as image color, was largely arbitrary and these factors were held constant. Paper figures for any one image were cut out of a single sheet of paper of known area in a complex, jigsaw fashion. The coverage of these images ranged from 0.36 to 97.30%; actual cover percentages of the artificial images were designed to cover this range at roughly equivalent intervals. At 4 actual coverage levels, 2 replicates were constructed with the same percent cover but with unique configurations and degrees of aggregation. Twenty-four graduate students and faculty of the Utah State University College of Natural Resources estimated total percent cover for the 20 quadrats under laboratory conditions. All participants were instructed to make their estimates at the highest degree of precision possible, based on actual total cover; that is, only the Authors are graduate research assistant, professor, and research associate, Department of Range Science, Utah State University, Logan 84322. The authors wish to thank the faculty and graduate students of the Utah State College of Natural Resources for their cooperation and participation in this study. This research was supported by a Grant DEB81-01827 from the National Science Foundation to J.A. MacMahon. Manuscript accepted 2 October 1985. JOURNAL OF RANGE MANAGEMENT 39(l), January 1986 91 area covered by the figures themselves, as opposed to the polygon method of Daubenmire (1959). The standard error of estimate and coefficient of variation were calculated for the mean of observer estimates for each quadrat. Least squares second order polynomial regressions were derived to estimate the strength of the relationship between error and the magnitude of actual cover. Results and Discussion Table 1 shows the actual cover values along with the corresponding means of 24 observer estimates and the standard errors of those mean estimates. The least squares linear regression line for actual cover (X) versus mean estimated cover (Y) is:

Statistical analysis of life assurance lapses

Abstract: Data have been generously supplied by the Faculty of Actuaries Withdrawals Research Group. These data cover the lapse or withdrawal experience for the calendar year 1976 of seven Scottish life offices. An extensive analysis has been published by the Research Group although, for reasons we shall discuss later, we believe that the approach outlined here is better able to describe the structure of the data than the detailed (and somewhat pedestrian) tabulations of this earlier paper.

Nestable, stackable tote boxes

Abstract: A nestable, open-top container has a cover formed of two separate, co-planar pieces, each covering one-half of the open top. Each cover piece is hingedly connected to one side of the upper edge of the container and extends toward and overlaps the opposite side, that is, the side to which the other cover piece is hinged. The cover pieces' adjacent edges engage each other and their remote edges overlap and are supported upon their adjacent container upper edge portions. Each cover piece may be slid sidewise upon its hinge so that it can be spaced from the container upper edge portion which it otherwise overlaps wherein it can be swung either inside or outside of the container. When the cover pieces are arranged in co-planar covering positions, a number of boxes can be stacked, and when they are swung outwardly or inwardly of the container, the boxes may be nested.

Spout for packaging containers

Abstract: A spout (1, 1A) attached to a paper container (C) into which is filled a beverage such as milk, juice or the like is made of an elastic material such as polyethylene resin in such a way that it comprises a main body (3) in the form of a pipe or a case passed through the wall of the container and a cover (2) for closing an opening of the main body (3), the main body and the cover being made as an integral body. The cover (2) and the main body (3) are interconnected with each other through a reduced-thickness separable portion (9) which is severed when the cover (2) is opened and through a reduced-thickness portion (7) which functions as a hinge portion when the cover (2) is opened. The main body (3) and the cover (2) have formed on the outer surfaces thereof a first engagement element (10, 10D) and a second engagement element (11, 11D). When a tab (12) is pulled upwardly to open the cover (2), the distal end of the second engagement element (11, 11D) engages with the first engagement element (10, 10D) so that the cover (2) is maintained in an opened position. When the cover (2) is closed, an engaging projection (8a) is brought into engagement with the inner surface of the main body (3), whereby the cover (2) is maintained in the closed position. One of a pair of engagement elements can be replaced by an engaging recess (10E, 11F, 11G).

Anti-vandalism cover for seats

Abstract: of EP01900641 A vandal-proof seat covering of use more particularly for seats in public places and vehicles and adapted to cover a resilient seat element made of a combustible and tearable material, such as a foam cushion, the covering consisting of at least three layers disposed one above another, viz : a first visible outer covering layer (6) of a thin material, a second intermediate vandal-proof layer in the form of a steel wire network (8), a third layer (10) or sublayer for protection made of a flexible material, the three layers being rigidly interconnected to form a flexible composite covering by sticking or by means of a flexible adhesive interposed between the first and third layers characterised in that the intermediate layer consists of a knitted fabric (8) of thin steel wire and the third layer (10) is a fire-proofing layer (10) comprising at least one unwoven layer (12) produced by the tufting of synthetic fire-resistant fibres

Image formation apparatus with a recording unit and paper feed cover and a sealing member

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes a cap for a recording unit and a cover for a paper feed unit, both of which can be opened and closed. Levers maintain the cap and cover in their closed positions and a handle releases them from such positions. A sealing member closes a mounting portion of the handle to provide dust proof properties.

Visor for a vehicle

Abstract: A visor assembly including a pivoted cover for a vanity mirror which includes camming surfaces on the pivot socket for urging the cover between open and closed positions. In one embodiment, the visor is selectively illuminated by the operation of a cover controlled switch. In another embodiment, the mirror and cover assembly is snap fitted within the visor.

Electrical socket having a hinged cover

Abstract: A hinged cover for use with a socket in which an electronic package may be positioned The cover is pivotally mounted on a hinge pin extending across the socket adjacent a rear wall Latch means are provided on the front of the cover to removably latch the cover in cooperation with downwardly facing shoulders on the front wall of the socket

Glare-proof transparent cover plate

Abstract: The present invention provides a glare-proof transparent cover plate having: a back formed in a flat plane, and a front formed in parallel arrangement of minute sawtooth ridges, each ridge having a horizontal facet extending substantially perpendicularly to the flat plane and an inclined facet inclined at an angle to the flat plane. The glare-proof transparent cover plate of the present invention is characterised in that it has any one or any combination of the following features: a) the angle α of the inclined facet relative to the flat plane satisfies the inequality α >/=(β+ω′)/2, where α is the angle of refraction of incident rays of light within the transparent cover plate, and ω′ is the critical angle of the material forming the transparent cover plate; b) shading masks are formed in the inclined facet on at least part of an area through which reflected rays of light reflected by the inner surface of the horizontal facet among the rays of light penetrating the transparent cover plate are emitted into the field of vision; c) each horizontal facet is provided with irregularities capable of diffusing rays of light reflected within the transparent cover plate; or d) each inclined facet is provided with irregularities formed on at least part of an area through which reflected rays of light reflected by the inner surface of the horizontal facet are emitted into the field of vision.

Videocassette sleeve and cover

Abstract: A closed, molded box (10) for storing a videocassette (40) includes an open sleeve (12), a cover (14) and a living hinge connecting the sleeve (12) and the cover (14), the hinge, the sleeve (12) and the cover (14) being molded simultaneously and integrally. The videocassette (40) box (10) may further include raised ridges (34) on the cover (14) and raised detents (36) on the sleeve (12) which engage to maintain the cover (14) in its closed position. The cover (14) may also include an inwardly directed protrusion (38) adapted to contact a video­ cassette (40) within the sleeve (12) and prevent movement of the videocassette (40) when the cover (14) is closed.

Electrical outlet cover plate

Abstract: A safety improvement in cover plates for electrical outlets. A cover plate for electrical outlets having sets of a spring-loaded sliding traverse plates which shift to open and close electrical wall outlets used in residential, commercial, and industrial locations. The sliding spring-loaded traverse plates being positioned between sets of tracks which are laterally parallel to outlet holes located in the cover plate, and each traverse plate having a hole which may be manually positioned to be in line with outlet holes located in the cover plate. When holes in the traverse plates and the cover plates are in line, the prongs of male terminals may be inserted into the female recepticle. When the male terminal is removed from the female recepticle, the traverse plates automatically spring into a closed positions thereby shielding the said female recepticle, which thereby prevents a child from being electricuted by sticking a small metal object into female electrical outlets.

Shoe top cover

Abstract: A sole-less shoe top cover is formed of a single thickness of flexible fabric for protecting a shoe upper from paint or plaster drippings. Three vertically spaced lines of stitched elastic cords are stitched in-and-out around the lower portion of the cover.

Paper cover for lavatory seat

Abstract: A paper cover for a lavatory seat of a toilet bowl is proposed which is a paper web in a roll form formed with a plurality of perforations at regular intervals. Every second perforations are discontinuous or are provided with a cut at at least one side. The sheet of paper torn off the roll is of a sufficient size to cover the bow-shaped portion of the lavatory seat.

Cover for baked goods

Abstract: A package is disclosed to enclose bakery items, particularly cakes. The package has a transparent, light-weight, domed plastic cover and a flat base upon which the cake is received. The cover has catch means provided on its side walls at circumferentially spaced locations to be engaged by U-shaped hook members partially cut from outwardly extending projections from the base. The hook members are bendable upwardly to positions in which their blights overlie and engage catch means on the cover to couple the cover to the base.

Handy-cap pick-up cover

Abstract: A removable cover for a pick-up truck bed, including a plurality of inverted "U"-shaped frames standing upright and a windowed vinyl canopy rested thereupon.

Protective cover for electrical outlet

Abstract: A protective cover for an electrical outlet is made up of a cover plate attachable to the existing receptacle plate and includes an opening aligned over each outlet in the plate and a unitary cap which is hinged to the cover along one side of each opening. The cap is movable into snap-fit engagement with a catch so as to serve as a protective cover over the outlet to prevent tampering and protect it from the elements. A latch release mechanism internally of the cap minimizes the risk of opening by infants as well as making it weatherproof.

Cover plate plug retainer

Abstract: An electrical plug retainer for a cover plate includes a bracket pivotally mounted with respect to the cover plate mounted over an electrical socket housing. The retaining bracket includes a retaining bar, a pair of parallel legs extending from the ends of the retaining bar, and inwardly extending projections on the free ends of the legs adapted to engage a recess formed in the peripheral edge of the cover plate. Preferably, the retaining bracket conforms with the peripheral shape of the cover plate so that it can be pivoted to lie flush against the wall adjacent the peripheral edge of the cover plate. The retaining bracket can also be pivoted outwardly from the wall for engagement with the electrical cord attached to a plug inserted within the wall socket. In one form of the present invention, the retaining bar includes a cord engagement member. Another embodiment includes a safety device which prevents access to the outlet in a closed position. In addition, a reinforcement plate can be inserted intermediate the cover plate and the projections of the retaining bracket so that any pulling forces applied to the bracket are exerted against the reinforcement plate and distributed throughout the entire face of the cover plate.

Rotational cosmetic compact

Abstract: A cosmetic compact is described which houses a cosmetic preparation and applicator means in separate compartments. The cover of the compact is rotatable about the inner container and has an elongated slot which, upon rotation of the cover, is adapted to register with the receptacle containing the cosmetic preparation. Stimultaneously, an aperture in the cover registers with a corresponding opening in the compartment in which an applicator is stored and permits the latter to be released by appropriate tilting or like maneuvering of the compact. After use the applicator is returned to the storage compartment and the cover is rotated to return the compact to the closed position.

Passive marker device

Abstract: A passive marker device including a tuned circuit enclosed in a housing which includes a base member with an upstanding rim with a cover member bonded to the rim and to a central portion of the base member. An opening is provided that extends through the housing at the central portion of the housing. A boss extends from the central portion of the base member to the cover member. The boss is recessed on the side of the base member that is away from the cover.