Showing papers in "Appetite in 1986"

TL;DR: Children showed much clearer evidence for caloric compensation than did the adults and adults' preferences for the food eaten declined relative to foods not eaten, providing the first evidence of sensory specific satiety in children.

TL;DR: The most prominent changes following peripheral or central (paraventricular nucleus) injections are a reduction in meal size and a curtailment of eating rate, consistent with a modulation of the process of satiation and the state of satiety.

TL;DR: It is proposed that serotonin acts, in part, through a satiety mechanism of the medial hypothalamus, to reduce ingestion of carbohydrate while sparing protein intake, in controlling the ratio of carbohydrate to protein intake.

TL;DR: The results suggest that genetically obese Zucker rats have reduced sensitivity to insulin in the central nervous system and it is proposed that this phenomenon may participate in the development and maintenance of hyperphagia and obesity in these animals.

TL;DR: The results indicate that quantification of effects of hedonic ratings on intake within subjects is possible, but that hedonIC ratings may not be good discriminators of intake differences between subjects.

TL;DR: Several studies with drugs affecting different serotonin mechanisms suggest that increase serotonin release and direct stimulation of postsynaptic receptors are the most effective mechanisms for causing depression of food intake, although inhibition of serotonin uptake may also contribute in appropriate conditions.

TL;DR: The interpretation of data is that 8-OH-DPAT elicits feeding via an agonist action on serotonin autoreceptors in the raphé nuclei, and it seems possible that 5-HT1A agonists may be clinically useful in the treatment of anorexia.

TL;DR: It is suggested that normal English girls experience significant levels of distress over eating and weight, even in the youngest age group (12 to 13 years).

TL;DR: Predictors of preferences for a wide variety of foods were examined in 303 male and female human subjects ranging from 14-68 years of age to assist research on the determinants of food preferences, however much of the variance in food preferences remains to be explained.

TL;DR: The results suggest that a major feature of the development of food selection is learning what not to eat, and almost all children at all ages tested accept combinations of foods which, although individually accepted by adults, are rejected in combination.

TL;DR: The results revealed that the target children resembled all three members of their families in their food preferences and that this resemblance was especially pronounced in the case of siblings.

TL;DR: Evidence that the brain actually utilizes the food-induced changes in brain serotonin in order to make choices about what to eat at the next meal is reviewed and the likelihood that a disturbance in this mechanism is involved in producing the "carbohydrate-craving" that is frequently associated with obesity is discussed.

TL;DR: The results support the existence of differences in intake between overweight and normal-weight individuals and also indicate the potential importance of environmental factors in the intake of both groups.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a sweet milk diet abolishes the anorexia, hypodipsia and weight loss that usually occur in vagotomized rats maintained on pellets and water.

TL;DR: The paper highlights the considerable individual variation in response to pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT, which may reflect differences in the bio-availability of the drugs used.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the Fishbein model is a useful frame of reference for human food selection studies, and that its predictive power in this particular field of behavior appears to improve substantially when the hedonic response is included in the model.

TL;DR: Any attempt to reduce salt intake might best be directed at satisfying taste, and not exclusively at augmenting anxiety about the health consequences of salt intake.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that fiber reduces caloric intake in obese people is supported, and an intake-suppressing effect of fiber is shown even after controlling for bread rating.

TL;DR: It is concluded that activation of peripheral serotoninergic mechanisms is sufficient not only to reduce eating in rats trained to eat four hours a day, but also to control the hyperphagias brought about by insulin or 2-DG.

TL;DR: It is concluded that D-FF has induced a double effect in these rats: (1) a shift-down of the BW set-point and (2) the suppression of the unregulated weight increase induced by the cafeteria diet.

TL;DR: A gastric slowing effect of fenfluramine accounts for most of the drug's suppressant effect on food intake in freely feeding rats, and this negates the claim that fen fluramine reduces carbohydrate-specific appetite.

TL;DR: Overall the results threw doubt on claims that rats as readily form flavour-calorie associations over delays as they do flavour-toxicosis associations.

TL;DR: It is suggested that in adult rats central eledoisin and physalaemin exert a selective suppressive effect on drinking behavior without affecting feeding.

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TL;DR: The data demonstrate that serotonin agonists like D-FF are more than anorectics since they enhance EE and therefore should be referred to as "leptogenic" (leptos = lean) agents since their end effect is the reduction of BW.

TL;DR: It appears that fenfluramine, and possibly other anorectic agents have multiple sites of action and affect multiple behaviours and some clinical implications are noted.

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