Showing papers on "Cultural heritage published in 1996"
TL;DR: In this article, the role of heritage in postmodern tourism is examined, particularly built heritage, which is at the heart of cultural tourism, and four challenging issues in linking heritage and tourism are discussed.
529 citations
TL;DR: A transnational study of European cultural tourism demand and supply indicates a rapid increase in both the production and consumption of heritage attractions as discussed by the authors, driven by rising income and education levels, there has also been a significant supply-induced element of demand.
411 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: McGuigan as mentioned in this paper discusses cultural policy as a manifestation of cultural politics in the widest sense and illustrates the case with examples from recent cultural policy initiatives in Britain, the United States and Australia.
Abstract: Jim McGuigan discusses cultural policy as a manifestation of cultural politics in the widest sense. Illustrating his case with examples from recent cultural policy initiatives in Britain, the United States and Australia, he looks at:* The rise of market reasoning in arts administration* Urban regeneration and the arts* Heritage tourism* Race, identity and cultural citizenship* Censorship and moral regulation* The role of computer-mediated communication in democratic discourse
341 citations
Book•
10 Sep 1996
TL;DR: Lowenthal exposes and examines our new fascination with ancestry and how it has separated us from one another and caused us to distort history as discussed by the authors, showing that more people than ever before are joining the "cult of heritage and searching for their "roots".
Abstract: More people than ever before are joining the "cult of heritage" and searching for their "roots". Lowenthal exposes and examines our new fascination with ancestry and how it has separated us from one another and caused us to distort history. With erudition and style, Lowenthal has captured an important and compelling trend.
338 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the tourism market and policy of seven art cities: Aix-en-Provence, Amsterdam, Bruges, Florence, Oxford, Salzburg and Venice.
253 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the tourism potential of industrial sites in general and more specifically of mining areas is explored, and the importance and perception of mines and quarries as foci for industrial heritage tourism and its expansion during the last decades.
223 citations
TL;DR: The postmodern heritage tourism market has matured and the contemporary preoccupation with an increasing number of topics from the past has resulted in the emergence of different criteria for defining and interpreting heritage in terms of popular images of preferred histories as mentioned in this paper.
184 citations
TL;DR: The authors investigated the interpretive and communicative work needed to make sense of built heritage and argued that heritage is a much more self-reflexive activity than commonly portrayed, instead of focusing on artefacts as images of the past.
179 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue for an integrative approach to understand the processes and outcomes associated with urban heritage tourism development and show that while similar macro-scale processes have pushed both cities to adopt heritage tourism as an urban redevelopment strategy, the final outcomes reflect important local influences.
178 citations
TL;DR: This paper used qualitative research methods to examine college student visitors' perspectives on heritage sites they had visited and found that visitors' experience was multidimensional: they emphasized activities in which they had engaged, their companions, site personnel they had encountered, and information learned during their visits.
Abstract: There is a surprising lack of understanding of visitors' perspective on the experience of visiting a heritage site. Previous studies used quantitative approaches that did not shed light on visitors' perspectives, terms, and meanings. Drawing upon the tradition ofphenomenology, this exploratory study used qualitative research methods to examine college student visitors' perspectives on heritage sites they had visited. Respondents' experience was multidimensional: they emphasized activities in which they had engaged, their companions, site personnel they had encountered, and information learned during their visits. The results suggest a need for more careful site management (including the physical environment and site personnel) and changes in marketing, advertising, programming, and site missions. Further research on visitor experiences using phenomenological and qualitative approaches is needed.
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the relevance of Thailand's heritage attractions to both international and domestic tourism and analyzes the state tourism agency's promotion of heritage and the ideological implications of heritage sightseeing in relation to the official historical narrative.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new genus and species of Hydromedusae is described from the waters off North Queensland, which represents the first record of the Dipleurosomatidae in Australian waters.
Abstract: A new genus and species of Hydromedusae is described from the waters off North Queensland. It is placed in the Dipleurosomatidae because of its irregularly branched radial canals, gonads on the radial canals separated from the stomach, hollow marginal tentacles and lack of cirri or cordyli. It differs from all other medusae in its two rows of small, simple, wart-like gonadal papillae. It differs from the other dipleurosomatids in its unique combination of other characters, namely, 5-6 radial canals leaving the stomach, branching dichotomously an irregular number of times; about half as many tentacles as canal branches reaching ring canal, not in correspondence with canal branches; with about 8 globular or heart-shaped stalked clubs between successive tentacles; and lacking ocelli. This report represents the first record of the Dipleurosomatidae in Australian waters. Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Dipleurosomatidae, Hydromedusae.
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: Museums and the Making of "Ourselves" as mentioned in this paper is a history and case study of the ways in which national cultural heritage was and is still being created, transformed and shaped into collective views of the state, its regions, municipalities, constituent groups, values and ideas.
Abstract: IntroductionThe revolutionary movements which are often the basis for nation-state formation frequently assert the uniqueness of one or more ethnic groups within such states. In attempting to preserve their cultural heritage, culturally and historically significant collections and sites, that were formerly the property of elites, are transferred into public hands as a national legacy. That legacy is then made available in museums for the enrichment, education and collective identity of the citzenry. Two kinds of basic resources are customarily collected, conserved and displayed in museums: objects, meaning the "things" of culture, belonging to the material world, that have been made, altered or utilized by human beings; and specimens or phenomena of the natural world. Writ large, these resources include monuments, architecture and sites, as well as living collections from nature, like arboretums, zoos, geological phenomena, gardens and their social constructions. Sometimes change is less dramatic than revolution, but is still the result of contested access to means of publicly defining self and nation, cultural and national identity and ambitions.This book presents the histories and case studies of some of the ways in which national cultural heritage was and is still being created, transformed and shaped into collective views of the state, its regions, municipalities, constituent groups, values and ideas. Museums and the Making of "Ourselves" calls attention to museums as social institutions. It treats museums as a potent force in forging self consciousness, within specific historical contexts and as part of a political process of democratization. The spread of museums in the 19th century was apparently spurred by burgeoning science and capitalism in the West; and in the 20th century, by industrialization, change and the demise of colonialism.The book chronicles some of the ways in which collections have played important roles in creating national identity and in promoting national agendas. It also provides examples in which an object or objects, themselves, stand for the nation-state, and embody the "idea" of the state for a people -- for example, the Old Testament Bible for Israel (Broshi, Chapter 3), and Iroquois wampum for some North American Indians (Abrams, Chapter 5). Other collections and objects are being rediscovered and reinterpreted elsewhere (Kaeppler, Chapter 1).
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that the visitor group is more diverse and includes both "generalist" tourists and those who come to a place with a very specific purpose in mind.
TL;DR: This paper provided a systematic, empirical exploration of eight heritage sites on the West Coast of New Zealand, notably those associated with gold and coal mining, through element-by-element comparison of site characteristics, development, management and patterns of demand.
TL;DR: Although cultural differences are perceived to exist in mourning rituals, traditions and behavioural expressions of grief, there are no particular differences in the individual, intrapersonal experience of grief that can be attributed to cultural heritage or ethnicity alone.
Abstract: The concept of human grief has been of interest to scholars and practitioners for many years However, there are many aspects of grief about which little is known One of these is the role that cultural heritage plays in influencing the individual, intrapersonal experience of grief Through the use of six focus groups, each consisting of persons from a specific cultural background, the investigator explored the concept of grief The data were thematically analysed and the findings then compared to the findings from a previous concept analysis of grief drawn from professional literature The findings indicated that individuals from a variety of cultural backgrounds whose knowledge of grief was derived primarily from their personal experiences defined grief in much the same way as had the authors of the professional literature Most importantly, the findings also clearly indicated that although cultural differences are perceived to exist in mourning rituals, traditions and behavioural expressions of grief, there are no particular differences in the individual, intrapersonal experience of grief that can be attributed to cultural heritage or ethnicity alone Implications for future research and considerations for practising nurses as they pertain to the highly individual and pervasive nature of grief are presented
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an instance in which an historical icon is presented to a popular audience in a provocative and nuanced rendering of the past, and argue that the big house's incorporation into the heritage landscape has released it from its confinement as a social and spatial signifier of elite culture.
Abstract: With tourist activity expected to become the largest source of employment by the end of the millenium, this paper examines heritage tourism, its framing of history, and its relationship with narratives of national identity. Challenging analyses which suggest that the heritage industry merely presents a sanitized or bogus version of the past, I present an instance in which an historical icon is presented to a popular audience in a provocative and nuanced rendering of the past. Focusing on one particularly controversial element of Ireland's past—the big house or stately home—this paper charts its incorporation into the historical imagination through literature, analyzes its representation as a heritage icon through the example of Strokestown Park House in County Roscommon, and argues that the big house's incorporation into the heritage landscape has released it from its confinement as a social and spatial signifier of elite culture. By situating the interpretation of the house in the local spatial ...
TL;DR: The authors examines the creation of the city of York as a tourism destination and argues that tourism should not be conceptualized as a distinct activity but rather as a form of consumption in the context of both local and global changes.
TL;DR: In this article, an empirical study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a museum in contributing to visitors' sense of place and awareness of a town's heritage, finding that only certain aspects of the museum displays were responsible for this effect.
Abstract: One of the principal functions of heritage interpretation is to enhance the visitor's sense of place and place identity. If this is to occur, the interpretation should be planned and designed with that outcome in mind. The research reported in this paper was an empirical study which, drawing on social identity theory, attempted to assess the effectiveness of a museum in contributing to visitors’ sense of place and awareness of a town's heritage. The results show that Guildford Museum was successful in this respect. However, only certain aspects of the museum displays were responsible for this effect, in particular those displays concentrating on the people and activities of the town, rather than the built heritage. The case is made for a more theory‐driven approach to research in heritage interpretation, which can suggest prescriptive roles and functions for museums and heritage sites. Heritage has been cast in the role of both saviour and sinner – saviour for spearheading the introduction of reg...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors restate the intention of the World Heritage Convention to establish a select list of cultural and natural heritage of "outstanding universal value" and assess the criteria established to assist in the assessment of this World Heritage value are noted as being indistinct in their articulation of type and level of value.
Abstract: A number of imbalances in the implementation of the World Heritage Convention and in the composition of the World Heritage List have recently been noted. This paper restates the intention of the Convention to establish a select list of cultural and natural heritage of ‘outstanding universal value’. Criteria established to assist in the assessment of this World Heritage value are noted here as being indistinct in their articulation of type and level of value and their wording is assessed as having made it difficult to ensure the recognition of interactions between people and the environment of ‘outstanding universal value’. In a recent initiative cultural landscapes of World Heritage value are now beginning to be inscribed in the World Heritage List and are interpreted as being just one part of the whole range of interactions between nature and culture. At its 20th session in December 1996 the World Heritage Committee will consider the development of an overarching Global Strategy for a representa...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show the success of Singapore's urban conservation policy in preserving its historic districts in the face of a fast expanding economy and rapid urban development, showing that the policy has succeeded in preserving the historic old shophouses to a large extent.
Book•
01 Jan 1996
TL;DR: The authors examines why the African past, namely its art and antiquities, is disappearing at a rate perhaps unmatched in any other part of the world, and presents specific steps that could halt the disappearance of Africa'a cultural heritage.
Abstract: This text examines why the African past, namely its art and antiquities, is disappearing at a rate perhaps unmatched in any other part of the world. Each essay looks at the international network of looting and trafficking, and the conclusion discusses specific steps that could halt the disappearance of Africa'a cultural heritage. The text presents an indictment of African contributions to the problem, and the contributors include African government and museum officials, members of international agencies, academics, and journalists.
TL;DR: The basic criterion for inclusion of a property on the World Heritage List is that of "outstanding universal value" as defined in the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention as mentioned in this paper, as defined by the authors of this paper.
Abstract: The basic criterion for inclusion of a property on the World Heritage List is that of ‘outstanding universal value’, as defined in the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention. The paper demonstrates ...