Showing papers on "Diffusion of innovations published in 1969"

The Diffusion of Innovations among the American States

Abstract: We are now in the midst of a notable revival of interest in the politics of the American states. During the last decade many studies have been conducted of the social, political and economic determinants of state policy outcomes. Several of these writers have argued that the relative wealth of a state, its degree of industrialization, and other measures of social and economic development are more important in explaining its level of expenditures than such political factors as the form of legislative apportionment, the amount of party competition, or the degree of voter participation. It has been claimed that such factors as the level of personal income or the size of the urban population are responsible both for the degree of participation and party competition in a state, and the nature of the system's policy outputs. By making this argument these writers have called into question the concepts of representation and theories of party and group conflict which, in one form or another, are the foundations for much of American political science.There is a growing awareness, however, that levels of expenditure alone are not an adequate measure of public policy outcomes. Sharkansky has shown, for example, that levels of expenditure and levels of actual service are seldom correlated; presumably, some states are able to reach given service levels with much less expenditure than others. Besides establishing the appropriate level of expenditure for a program, policy makers must also decide about the program's relative scope, provisions for appeal from administrative orders, eligibility requirements, the composition of regulatory boards and commissions, and many other matters which have little to do with money.

Status Inconsistency, Cross Pressures, and American Political Behavior

Abstract: Measures of Scientific Communication. Palo Alto: Institute for Communication Research, Stanford University. Price, D. J. de S. 1961 Science Since Babylon. New Haven: Yale University Press, Chapter 5. 1963 Little Science, Big Science. New York: Columbia University Press, Chapter 2. 1965 "Networks of scientific papers," Science 149 (July 30):510-515. Price, D. J. and D. de B. Beaver. 1966 "Collaboration in an invisible college." American Psychologist 21 (November): 101 1-1018. Rogers, E. M. 1962 Diffusion of Innovations. New York: Free Press. 1966 Bibliography on the Diffusion of Innovations. Diffusion of Innovations Research Report, No. 4. East Lansing: Michigan State University. Rogers, E. M. and E. P. Bettinghaus. 1966 "Comparison of generalizations from diffusion research on agricultural and family planning innovations." Paper presented at the American Sociological Association, Miami Beach, August 30, 1966. Rogers, E. M. and J. D. Stanfield. 1966 "Adoption and diffusion of new products: emerging generalizations and hypotheses," unpublished paper presented at the Conference on the Application of Sciences to Marketing Management, Purdue University. Russett, B. M. 1969 "Methodological and theoretical schools in international relations." Unpublished manuscript, Yale University. Stevens, R. E. 1953 "Characteristics of subject literatures." ACRL Monographs, No. 6:10-21. Stoddart, D. R. 1967 "Growth and structure of geography." Transactions and Papers of the Institute of British Geographers, Publication No. 41:1-19. Swanson, D. R. 1966 "Scientific journals and information services of the future." American Psychologist 21 (November) :1008. Vachon, D. 1969 "Differential Productivity of Colleague Groups at Two Research Frontiers." Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Georgetown University. Weinstein, N. undated "The development of theoretical cosmology, 1963-1965; or 'Que sqais-je?'" Unpublished manuscript. Yinger, J. M. 1957 Religion, Society and the Individual. New York: Macmillan.

Diffusion of Innovation: A Macroview

Abstract: Research on the diffusion of innovations has tended to focus upon diffusion among small groups residing in a small area or a single community, and, apparently, programs of economic and social change have shared this focus. It seems evident that a greater focus upon diffusion among central places, which affects several communities nearly simultaneously, would be quite beneficial. Generally, however, the processes controlling diffusion to the locality in which the adopter resides have been neglected. The problem will be considered in this paper.

Communication Research and Rural Development

Abstract: The scientific study of human communication began in U. S. universities about twenty-five years ago, but the approach, research methodologies, and concepts of this new discipline offer promise for the understanding of many rural development problems. The following pages point out some of the most fruitful topics on which communication research can focus, with a special emphasis upon the diffusion of innovations in Africa.

Diffusion of innovations in a marketing context

Abstract: This study investigates the processes associated with the di f f u s i o n and adoption of an innovation. Work on di f f u s i o n by persons in f i e l d s other than marketing i s reviewed along with some speculative discussion of the relevance of those studies to marketing. Various categories of adopters of innovations are i d e n t i f i e d and some indications given of how one diff e r e n t i a t e s between members of those several categories. One category of adopter, the i n f l u e n t i a l , i s examined i n d e t a i l since i n f l u e n t i a l s play an extremely important part in the successful introduction of new products and services. F i n a l l y , the results of an exploratory f i e l d study of the early phases of the adoption of the Touch-Tone Telephone are described and compared with e a r l i e r d i f f u s i o n studies.