Showing papers on "Diversity (politics) published in 1977"

The health seeking process: an approach to the natural history of illness.

Abstract: Anthropological research on health-related behaviors in the United States has tended to emphasize folk illnesses among particular subcultural groups, obscuring the heterogeneity of popular culture health beliefs and practices in the lay health system. The development of theoretical models for this complex society will require research that stresses similarity as well as diversity within and between population groups. The health seeking process is proposed in this paper as a means to document natural histories of illness in any subculture. Concepts from medical anthropology and medical sociology are related to five components of health seeking -- symptom definition, illness-related shifts in role behavior, lay consultation and referral, treatment actions, and adherence. Illustrative propositions to guide further research are proposed.

A practical guide to early childhood curriculum

Abstract: I. INTRODUCTION TO EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION. 1. Early Childhood Education. 2. A Developmentally Appropriate Early Childhood Program. 3. Developing Partnerships with Parents. 4. Planning the Curriculum. II. PERSONAL AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 5. People and Their Diversity. 6. Myself and My Family. 7. Myself and My Body. III. COGNITIVE AND LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT. 8. Language and Literacy Development. 9. Science Experiences. 10. More Science. 11. Animals and Plants. 12. Problem Solving and Mathematics. IV. AESTHETIC/CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT. 13. Music and Movement. 14. Creativity, Art, and Dramatic Activities. Appendix A: Lesson Plans. Appendix B: Recipes for Food Experiences. References. Index.

Media Rich, Media Poor: Two Studies of Diversity in Agenda-Holding.

Abstract: ,Studies of the effects of mass communication normally work from a model of content-specific directional attitudinal influence on individuals. That is, the typical study examines changes in the opinions of a person that correspond to the arguments made in a message t o which he has been exposed. Innovative formulations in media effects analysis consist of deviations from this model. For instance, agenda-setting research involves the traditional content-specific influence of community news sources on individuals, but it does not inquire into the attitudinal direction of that influence.1 Recent conflict and consensus studies are novel in their concern with effects on the local community as a system rather than on specific individuals, although they necessarily build upon a content-specific directional attitudinal influence model.2 Research on the \"information gap\" is non-attitudinal and concerns an effect of mass communica-

On political sociology

Abstract: Harold D. Lasswell's pioneering work in the field of political sociology is distinguished by his insistence on studying major contemporary problems, his willingness to try new methods of inquiry, and above all his conviction that, to understand events on the political stage, one must also analyze the social and historical context. From the huge corpus of Lasswell's work, Dwaine Marvick has chosen representative selections that demonstrate the wide range of his interests, the intellectual framework of this thought, the characteristics of his style, and the diversity of his methods. The volume is organized around the five fields of central interest to Lasswell: elite analysis in an contextual perspective, developmental constructs, political communications research, the use of psychoanalysis to explain political behavior, and the role of intellectuals in policy-making processes."

Evolution and Collective Intolerance

Abstract: AMONG THE MOST IMPORTANT of all human attitudes in shaping political behavior, governmental institutions, and public policy is what I call collective intolerance. This term refers to members of a group expecting and insisting upon behavioral and intellectual conformity within the collectivity with which they identify and concomitantly rejecting or suppressing types of persons, behavior, or symbolic expressions which they perceive as not conforming to group norms. Groupings as diverse in size, character, and functions as clans, tribes, warrior bands, religious bodies, political parties, and nation-states have very commonly repressed internal diversity and also have often sought to force their beliefs and way of life upon unreceptive and resistant members of other collectivities. Manifestations of collective intolerance have varied greatly in the

A Comparative Study of the Substructures of Religion

Abstract: This study starts from the premise that religions, in all their diversity, rest upon a common structure: the persistent experience of injustice, suffering, and meaninglessness. The research deals with the responses made by 751 persons from five countries to statements suggesting those themes. Three general hypotheses are tested: 1) that interest in questions of injustice, suffering, and meaninglessness would be widespread among this heterogeneous set of respondents; 2) that the problems would be seen as persistent and intractable; 3) that the belief would prevail, nevertheless, that the problems could finally be dealt with, despite the testimony of experience. Each of these hypothese of six predictor variables was upheld. In addition, several specific hypotheses make predictions regarding the influence of these interests and beliefs, country of citizenship, father's occupation, religious identity, sex, level of education, and major subject of study, with country, religious identity, and education producing some effects. wo major traditions prevail in the scientific study of religion. One emphasizes the obvious differences in rite, belief, and social organization among religions. Historical, cultural, and structural sources of these differences are examined; their consequences for individuals, societies, and social change are explored. In the other tradition, religion, rather than separate religions, is the object of study. Since superempirical systems of belief and rite are found nearly everywhere, if not universally, it seems reasonable to suppose that they are related to experiences that are humanwide, resting upon some common substructure. Thus, despite the vast differences among the religions of the world, one who examines them from this perspective has no difficulty in seeing them as somehow alike. They fit into the human enterprise in similar ways. If that is true, much can be learned about religion and about life generally by trying to identify the parameters of the substructure and measuring its properties. These two traditions are not mutually exclusive. Indeed they are

Practices and problems in evaluating instruction

Abstract: A survey and case studies of southern institutions show a great diversity in approaches to instructional evaluation and conszderable unevenness in both the effectiveness of the systems in achieving their purposes and in the validity of some of the pactices used.

Education as an Instrument of Policy in Southeast Asia: The Singapore Example

Abstract: The cultural and ethno-linguistic diversity, of Southeast Asia as a whole is reflected in the heterogeneous character of the populations of the individual states of the region, and everywhere problems associated with multi-lingualism and multiculturism challenge the authority of centralised governments. Modern education has increasingly come to be used as a means to confront and overcome these problems. Governments have sought to inculcate an acceptance of and a compliance with prevailing political systems, to detach disparate communities from their distinctive cultural affinities, and to promote a sense of national identity through formal public instruction. The purpose of this paper is to place modern education in Southeast Asia within its historical context, and to consider the ways in which several governments have used public instruction to achieve political ends.

On teaching psychotherapy in a community mental health center.

Abstract: The author discusses some of the unique problems related to teaching psychotherapy in a community mental health center. These problems arise principally from the diversity of philosophies and backgrounds of the health center staff and the lack of an overriding institutional tradition of psychotherapy. They often result in increased anxiety among trainees and require special attention from the teacher of psychotherapy in this setting.

Organization set size and diversity : links between people processing organizations and their environments / BEBR No. 389

Abstract: Prepared under Institutional grant no. 31-34-70-02 from the Manpower Administration, U.S. Dept. of Labor.

Academic and Entrepreneurial Research: The Consequences of Diversity in Federal Evaluation Studies

Abstract: (1977). Academic and Entrepreneurial Research: The Consequences of Diversity in Federal Evaluation Studies. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 48, No. 1, pp. 111-114.

Professional Development in Canadian Colleges: A National Perspective.

Abstract: The diversity from province to province of Canada's two-year colleges presents unique staff development problems. A national forum to share ideas and resources is proposed.

Prolegomena to a Comparative Study of European Folk Music

Abstract: he objectives of this paper are perhaps less portentous than the title might indicate. Prolegomena is merely a Greek word for prefatory remarks, suggesting an initiation of discussion rather than an exposition or systematization of ideas; here, the initiation is one of identifying problems in a comparative study, with particular reference to the folk music of Europe. Why Europe? Why comparative? For that matter, why the folk music of Europe? The following discussion will try to clarify some of the major issues involved and draw together the threads of argument in relation to each of these problems. It is perhaps significant that European and American ethnologists have been turning to problems of perceiving Europe as a culture complex, isolating factors which dissolve the diversity of local practices in a larger kind of unity (Rohan-Csermak 1967:45-58). Recent appreciation, moreover, of the intercontinental dimensions of the "European ethnic complex" (i.e., one which extends beyond a geographic notion of Europe) has been recognized by scholars like Sigurd Erixon in the term "European and Western ethnology" (Erixon 1938:137-72). Conrad Arensberg expresses much the same idea by "Old World culture area," "grand European area," and "European and Euro-American" (Arensberg 1963: 75-99). Herskovits proposed analogous views in speaking of the "Euro-American cultural stream," "Euro-American culture," and "Euro-American tradition" (Herskovits 1949). The European overseas has altered considerably many characteristics of his cultural life in the Old World, but what is equally true is that acculturation and change have taken place in the original homeland just as much as in the adopted one (Rohan-Csermak 1967:55). At any rate, while recognizing geographical, historical, linguistic, political, economic, and religious differences across the continent and its extensions, theorists imply in the use of these terms a basic unity underlying the structure and organization of European culture and society. That the continent itself is, in cultural terms, diverse and complex, cannot be denied. Yet in the search outwards from the particularities of smaller, single cultures, to the understanding of larger groupings linked by geographical proximity, long historical association, or common cultural consciousness, Europe seems ripe for a test case. For the fact is that we simply