Showing papers on "Electricity generation published in 1968"

Biologically implantable and energized power supply

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an electric generation system or device which finds useful application in the power supply units of totally implanted electronic devices such as heart pacemakers; it is particularly intended as an advantageous alternative to limited duration implantable power supplies generally used. The resulting novel power supply unit utilizes fluid pressure transfer means for tapping a small fraction of the energy derived from the muscular contractions of the heart and transmitting same to a remotely implanted generator wherein the tapped energy is converted to electrical energy.

Nuclear reactor arrangement and method of operating safe effective to increase the thermal amargin in high power density regions

Abstract: A nuclear reactor cooled by a moderating fluid and a method of operating such a reactor wherein a portion of the coolant directed through the reactor and over the fuel elements is conveyed in bypass relation with the first portion of the reactor core such that it maintains generally its initial or entering temperature. This bypassed portion is then introduced at spaced intervals into regions of high power density so as to decrease the enthalpy of the coolant at these regions and thereby improve the margin to burnout and, accordingly, improve the power generation capability of the reactor.

Power System Voltage Control by Using a Process Control Computer

Abstract: Kyushu Electric Power Company (KEP) already has the automatic load dispatching control system by using a digital computer for process control In addition to the existing computer control system, KEP put into service the control of power system voltage and reactive power early in 1968 The necessity, principle, and method of the centralized control system of system voltage and reactive power in KEP is discussed

Operation and Protection of Large Steam Turbine Generators Under Abnormal Conditions

Abstract: In the design of power systems for operation under abnormal conditions of voltage and frequency, the operating characteristics of turbine generators must be considered. Because of turbine blade vibration and reduced generator cooling there is a minimum frequency below which extended operation should be avoided. Analysis of equipment operating limitations, operating guides, and suggested automatic protection schemes are presented.

Disk generator

Abstract: The use of the disk generator as a practical device for power generation is discussed and compared to a linear device in terms of maximum allowable electric fields, magnetic field utilization, and surface-to-volume ratio. The swirl induced by the azimuthal force acting on the radial current is found to be of prime importance for the generator's performance. For certain values of the inlet swirl opposing the azimuthal Lorentz force, the output current becomes a conductive current as in a Faraday generator, and this results in increased efficiency for given Hall coefficients and loading. Examples ad design concepts are discussed.

Computer Directed Control and Automatic Data Processing for a Hydroelectric Generating System

Abstract: The application of a real-time process-control digital computer to the control and operating requirements of a hydroelectric generating system is described. Discussed are control problems resulting from the utility's role as an exporter of power and operating a plant which is five plants from the standpoint of power sales arrangements.

Electrochemical vehicle power plants

Abstract: The requirement of high energy density for vehicle applications leads to the selection of battery systems made up of light, highly reactive metals found in the upper-left-hand corner of the periodic table for one electrode and the light oxidizers found in the top-right-hand corner of the periodic table for the other electrode. Many of these reactive materials will react with water and hence water-based electrolytes cannot be used in such systems. Electric vehicles also require the battery to have a high power density, which further limits the use of water-based electrolytes. The parameters relevant to achieving high-energy, high-power batteries are discussed in general terms and several systems presently being studied are reviewed.

Project Fuel Cell

Abstract: This paper briefly reviews the status of high-efficiency, coal-oxidation, solid-electrolyte fuel cells being developed under Project Fuel Cell, describes the manufacturing technique of thin- film batteries consisting of numerous fuel cells and a 100-kW power plant now under construction, and projects the economics of a 1000-MW fuel-cell power plant.

Improvements in and relating to thermal power plants

Abstract: 1,118,041. MHD power plant. CONCH INTERNATIONAL METHANE Ltd. 22 June, 1965 [7 July, 1964], No. 28009/64. Heading H2A. A thermal power plant includes a magnetohydrodynamio generator whose exhaust gases supply heat to a second thermal power plant, wherein the magnet coils of the generator are cooled, directly or through a secondary fluid, by liquefied natural gas which forms the fuel supply to the generator combustion chamber. The natural gas may also be used as fuel for the boiler of the second thermal power plant. A cryogenic secondary fluid may be used and the magnet coil may be cooled to superconductive temperatures. In the systems described, air is initially freeze dried and cooled by the liquified natural gas before passing to a separator from where the separated oxygen passes through a heat exchanger in the separator to the combustion chamber of the generator. The separated nitrogen is compressed and cooled by the natural gas and liquefied, the liquid being passed through the coils of the generator and the vapour produced returned to the separator to complete the closed cycle. The liquid natural gas is vaporized in the heat exchangers and passed as the fuel supply to the generator combustion chamber. In a modification the nitrogen vapour from the liquefier is used in a pro-cooler for air which has both been freeze dried and had the carbon dioxide removed, and the oxygen from the separator passes through a separate heat exchanger to cool the incoming air to the separator. In both embodiments the oxygen from the separator is used to freeze dry the incoming air as described in Specification 1,118,042. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification, 974,951.

Method for generating electricity in hydrazine-oxygen fuel cell

Abstract: THE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HYDRAZINE FUEL CELL ANODE CAN BE SELECTIVELY ADJUSTED AND/OR CONTROLLED BY INTRODUCING MINOR AMOUNTS OF SULFUR OR SELENIUM TO THE SITE OF ANODIC ACTIVITY.

Power Generation and Transmission System of Finland

Abstract: Water power sources in Finland which produce more than half the electrical energy are situated far from the consumption areas, thus necessitating the construction of a long-distance transmission system. Thermal power, which is rapidly gaining in importance and creates new versatility, does not change these conditions. As the economics of transmission system construction depends largely on the cost of lines, special attention was given to line design research and to system operation. This resulted, at an early stage, in adaptation of the guyed towers, characterized by low weight and cost, the design of which, in 110-, 220-, and 400-kV lines, is continuously developed. Switching stations have been simplified, shunt reactors and series capacitors installed, and remote control of voltage at power stations adopted. The economy of generation and transmission is increased by programmed regulation of water storage. Operation experiences are good and statistics display a low number of disturbances.

Air cooled two- pole generators for gas turbine peaking service

Abstract: Considerations in the application and matching of two-pole cylindrical rotor generators to gas turbines for peaking service are discussed. Various criteria are reviewed, including generator thermal rating and limitations, gas turbine ratings, altitude factors, cyclic operating duty, rapid loading considerations, generator ventilation and air filtration, noise, steady-state and transient performance, and special generator features.

Raw energy sources for electric generation

Abstract: The energy picture in the United States, through the year 1985, is outlined in this article. The forecasts made are based on a number of factors, including economics, present and future estimates of fuel availability, relative plant size, transportation, and air pollution considerations. On a national basis, it is predicted that the consumption of all forms of raw energy for electric generation will increase substantially from now to 1985, with nuclear energy exhibiting the most dramatic absolute and relative gains.

Electrical Features of Boundary Hydroelectric Project

Abstract: The Boundary Hydroelectric Project is described and the essential features of the electrical installation are discussed, with emphasis on generator characteristics, plant control system, and coordinated operation within the Northwest Power System.

Experimental study of diagonal conducting wall generators using solid propellants

Abstract: The work reported here is the result of using a special solid fuel developed as a working fluid for MHD generators by Hercules Inc. Conductivity measurements of the combustion products were made using the electrodes of the Hall channel as floating potential probes. The experimentally determined values of the average conductivity for this type of propellant were found to be in the range between 40 and 50 mho/m. Generator experiments were performed with two different types of channels operating as a Hall generator and as a 45° diagonal conducting wall generator. The generator power output was found to be 3 to 4 times higher than that achieved by even higher flow rates using conventional RP1 and gaseous oxygen for the same generator channel and magnetic field conditions. However, the power increase was insignificant for the Hall generator. The generators operated with relatively little effect observed when coatings of aluminum oxide and other chemicals from the fuel covered the interior of the channel.