Showing papers on "Electrochromic devices published in 1987"

Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions for use therein, and uses thereof

Abstract: Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions of electrochromic compounds for use as media of variable transmittance in such devices, and electrochromic compounds for such solutions are provided. The devices of the invention are surprisingly stable to cycling between light and dark states, have continuously variable transmittance to light as a function of electrical potential applied across the solution in a device, and have transmittance that can be varied over more than a factor of 10, from clear to dark or from dark to clear, in several seconds. Thus, the devices are especially suitable as variable transmittance components of variable transmission light filters, including windows, and variable reflectance mirrors, including anti-glare rearview mirrors in automobiles. Also provided are improved variable reflectance mirrors, wherein transmittance of reflected light is varied by thermochromic, photochromic or electro-optic means and wherein the reduction in transmittance which is required to eliminate perceptible reflection of an object to the eyes of an observer is reduced by disposing the plane of the highly reflective surface of the mirror at an angle with respect to the plane of the surface through which light from the object enters the mirror.

Electrodeposited Films from Aqueous Tungstic Acid-Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions for Electrochromic Display Devices

Abstract: Electrodeposited tungsten oxide films from aqueous tungstic acid-hydrogen peroxide solutions were investigated for applications to electrochromic devices. These films exhibited electrochromism in aprotic electrolyte solutions containing Li-salts. When the films were heat-treated for an hour at temperatures between 100 and 200°C, the electrochromic reactions were rich in reversibility. The coloring efficiency and response rate for the films were favorable and comparable to those for tungsten trioxide evaporated films. A cell life-test was performed on several clock-size cells by applying a 1.2-V, 1-Hz, continuous square wave. The typical amount of charge required for coloration was about 50 C / m2 and remained unchanged even after 107 coloration-bleaching cycles.

Properties Of Electrochromic Oxides Deposited By The Sol-Gel Process

Abstract: Deposition of electrochromic metal oxide thin films by dip coating has received scant attention in the literature. This paper describes the applicability of the dip coating technique to the process and performance needs of electrochromic devices, particularly electrochromic windows. Coloring efficiencies at 550nm of 49 to 38 cm2 /C are reported for tungsten oxide dip coatings that have been fired over a 25°C to 300°C range. Rutherford back scattering spectroscopy was used to verify that the mole ratio in a mixed oxide electrochromic coating matches the mole ratio in the dip solution from which it was deposited.© (1987) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.