Showing papers on "Emancipation published in 2022"
TL;DR: This article conducted grounded-theoretical interviews with 104 women entrepreneurs operating in farming cooperatives and non-farm groups in war-torn South-West Cameroon and found that discipline, the extent to which rules determine and control individual behaviours, helps poor women overcome extreme economic constraints but prevents them from attaining prosperity and emancipation.
18 citations
16 citations
TL;DR: This article conducted grounded-theoretical interviews with 104 women entrepreneurs operating in farming cooperatives and non-farm groups in war-torn South-West Cameroon and found that discipline, the extent to which rules determine and control individual behaviours, helps poor women overcome extreme economic constraints but prevents them from attaining prosperity and emancipation.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an empirical investigation of entrepreneurial endeavours set against disadvantaged communities in Indonesia, uncover constraints facing a developing economy and the role of digital technologies in ameliorating them.
11 citations
TL;DR: In this article , an analysis of the central role of labor in the foundation of post-emancipation Caribbean subject formation is presented, arguing that in crossing the Atlantic in the service of colonial capital, enslaved Africans, and later indentured Indians, underwent a process that undid previous senses of identity, thus demanding new ontological moorings rooted in plantation labor.
10 citations
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8 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted a longitudinal study of a German sheltered workshop, an organization providing employment for disabled people, and observed that workers with disability initially maintained a regulating organizational identity based on paternalistic segregation, but over time, they constructed their own self-determining identity and coproduced a change in the workshop's identity from "shelter" to "inclusion".
Abstract: While there have been several studies on overt forms of marginalization, few have examined benevolent marginalization, where people may unquestioningly participate in their own paternalistic subjugation by following a prescribed identity. How might such individuals end up achieving emancipation from an infantilizing identity? To address this puzzle, we conducted a longitudinal study of a German sheltered workshop, an organization providing employment for disabled people. We observed that workers with disability initially maintained a regulating organizational identity based on paternalistic segregation. However, over time, they constructed their own self-determining identity and coproduced a change in the workshop’s identity from “shelter” to “inclusion.” First, we show that in order to coconstruct their preferred self-concept, benevolently marginalized individuals need to gain the support of those in power, who change their role from a guardian to an ally. Second, while achieving liberation from overt marginalization is likely to involve confrontation with one’s oppressors, we suggest that achieving emancipation from benevolent marginalization is a collaborative process of mutual consciousness raising and sensitization. Third, while changes of identity may occur after exposure to alternative discourses, often involving the contentious performances of external activists, we show how insider activists mobilize collective action for change within a protectionist organization.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , a power analysis that defines the most commonly addressed ethical principles and topics within the field of AI ethics as either to do with relational power or with dispositional power is presented.
Abstract: Abstract The ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) is an upcoming field of research that deals with the ethical assessment of emerging AI applications and addresses the new kinds of moral questions that the advent of AI raises. The argument presented in this article is that, even though there exist different approaches and subfields within the ethics of AI, the field resembles a critical theory. Just like a critical theory, the ethics of AI aims to diagnose as well as change society and is fundamentally concerned with human emancipation and empowerment. This is shown through a power analysis that defines the most commonly addressed ethical principles and topics within the field of AI ethics as either to do with relational power or with dispositional power. Moreover, it is concluded that recognizing AI ethics as a critical theory and borrowing insights from the tradition of critical theory can help the field forward.
7 citations
01 Jan 2022
6 citations
TL;DR: This paper found that the prevalence of slavery in a Southern county (measured in 1860) predicts the frequency of firearms in the present day, and this relationship holds above and beyond a number of potential covariates, including contemporary crime rates, police spending, degree of racial segregation and inequality, socioeconomic conditions, and voting patterns in 2016 Presidential election.
Abstract: Abstract American gun-owners, uniquely, view firearms as a means of keeping themselves safe from dangers both physical and psychological. We root this belief in the experience of White Southerners during Reconstruction—a moment when a massive upsurge in the availability of firearms co-occurred with a worldview threat from the emancipation and the political empowerment of Black Southerners. We show that the belief-complex formed in this historical moment shapes contemporary gun culture: The prevalence of slavery in a Southern county (measured in 1860) predicts the frequency of firearms in the present day. This relationship holds above and beyond a number of potential covariates, including contemporary crime rates, police spending, degree of racial segregation and inequality, socioeconomic conditions, and voting patterns in the 2016 Presidential election; and is partially mediated by the frequency of people in the county reporting that they generally do not feel safe. This Southern origin of gun culture may help to explain why we find that worries about safety do not predict county-level gun ownership outside of historically slave-owning counties, and why we find that social connection to historically slaveholding counties predicts county-level gun ownership, even outside of the South.
6 citations
TL;DR: This paper is an attempt to address merging or existing and emerging systems with enterprise strategy in mind that optimizes operational productivity based on different hardware and software that acknowledges the diverse complexities amongst technologies when converging and integrating various systems.
Abstract: This paper is an attempt to address merging or existing and emerging systems with enterprise strategy in mind that optimizes operational productivity based on different hardware and software. Recent studies have shown that organization's growth and developments have necessitated a further research-driven stance towards technology-based approach by many emerging companies through competition, especially amongst global conglomerates. Hence, the problems of mitigating risk by combining software and hardware systems remain to further espouse the limitless possibilities especially with the global concern of security remain infinite. This presents upfront; the emancipation of humanity in solving earthly and galactic problems using space-based satellites and earth-based transceivers as part of the hardware hegemony. The aim is to create an encompassing integration by checking the effects of browsers, programming languages, plugins, hardware devices, and software; thus acknowledging the diverse complexities amongst technologies when converging and integrating various systems.
TL;DR: The Afya-Tek project in Tanzania has an innovative bottom-up approach throughout the full evaluation cycle and shows the possible strength of the proposed combination to create better interventions, more empowered stakeholders and more illuminating program theories as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Realist evaluation (RE) is a theory-driven evaluation approach inspired by scientific realism. It has become increasingly popular in the field of global health where it is often applied in low- and middle-income countries. This makes it timely to discuss RE's relationship to the emerging decolonisation of global health movement. In this short perspective, we argue that the principles and practices that underpin RE have great potential to contribute to the decolonisation endeavour. Both the focus on the inclusion of local stakeholders and the openness to the rival theories these stakeholders bring to the fore, are promising. However, in practice, we see that a lack of acknowledgement of power imbalances and different ontologies and an overreliance on Western-based theories thwart this potential. We therefore suggest that realist evaluations performed by external researchers, especially in the field of global health, should actively engage with issues of (power) inequities. This is not only the just thing to do, but will also contribute to a better understanding of the intervention and may facilitate the emancipation of the disenfranchised. One way of doing this is through the adoption of participatory (action) research methods, currently underused in realist evaluations. We finally give a short example of an evaluation that combines emancipatory and participatory practice development with a realist approach. The Afya-Tek project in Tanzania has an innovative bottom-up approach throughout the full evaluation cycle and shows the possible strength of the proposed combination to create better interventions, more empowered stakeholders, and more illuminating programme theories.
TL;DR: In this article , a family business successor engaged in a challenging process of power transfer, ultimately leading him to leave the succession process to engage with entrepreneuring outside the family business, due to power struggles.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Following Alistair Anderson’s legacy of entrepreneuring as a process of becoming, this paper engages with entrepreneuring as emancipation in a family business context. Over a period of seven years, we witnessed the journey of a family business successor engaged in a challenging process of power transfer, ultimately leading him to leave the succession process to engage with entrepreneuring outside the family business, due to power struggles. We theoretically elaborate on this real-time, multi-informant, multi-generational and longitudinal single-case study to offer a novel understanding of entrepreneuring as emancipation from and through power by revealing the intimate connections of entrepreneuring with power, liberation and liberty encompassing as much agony as ecstasy.
TL;DR: The main discussion on the process of development communication as a core component of a sustainable development project at the TswaingCrater Museum near Pretoria as discussed by the authors was the first attempt to explore the socia-cultural contexts of the developmental and communication process.
Abstract: The main discussion on the process of development communication as acore component of a sustainable development project at the TswaingCrater Museum near Pretoria. The arlicle initially surveys some localstudies and lessons leamed in an effort to contextua/ise the Tswaingproject. Various approaches, such as Participatory C;ommunication, andDevelopment Support Communication are discussed and related tocommunication structures for the project. New forces in democratisationhave contributed to the crucial role of concepts such as participation,empowerment and emancipation. These approaches rely on normativegoals and standards set by host communities in the development of acommunity's cultural identity, and act as a vehicle for people's selfexpression. Socia-cultural contexts of the developmental andcommunication process are therefore specifically discussed. Finallylessons leamed provide a means of recommending possible solutions todevelopment communication problems.
TL;DR: This paper present a critical reading of these histories in an effort to help educators and students reclaim and reimagine the histories of the nonprofit sector and offer tenets of a critical pedagogy that emphasizes historical consciousness and a praxis of emancipation.
Abstract: Abstract Nonprofit management classrooms are filled with students who yearn to “do good” in the world and yet, in practice, they confront a dissonance between their vision of doing good and the realities of nonprofit work. This dissonance is in part created by contemporary nonprofit management education (NME) through the development and perpetuation of a selective historical tradition of the nonprofit sector which mythologizes the sector and its work. These traditions and myths of the nonprofit sector are based squarely in white American and Eurocentric values and downplay the histories of people of color and thus perpetuate whiteness as central to nonprofit norms and practice. We present a critical reading of these histories in an effort to help educators and students reclaim and reimagine the histories of the nonprofit sector and offer tenets of a critical pedagogy that emphasizes historical consciousness and a praxis of emancipation so that nonprofit educators and students can re-envision nonprofit theory and practice in the future.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose an anthropophagic knowledge construction in occupational therapy, starting from questioning the locus and the purpose of professional actions, and advocate the relevance of directing our actions towards social life.
Abstract: ABSTRACT This year Brazil celebrates 100 years of a landmark in Modernism. The Manifesto Anthropophagic, by Andrade, is part of this and proposes that a real process of knowledge production stems from alterity, the coexistence of cultures, understanding the other and, from the ‘devouring’ of knowledge, building the new. Inspired by this, I propose the discussion of an anthropophagic knowledge construction in occupational therapy, starting from questioning the locus and the purpose of professional actions. Loci of practice are discussed in terms of four concepts: occupation, human activity, cotidiano (everyday life), and ways of life. Purpose is discussed through the concepts of occupational engagement, social insertion/inclusion, emancipation/autonomy, and social participation. Coming from social occupational therapy, I advocate the relevance of directing our actions towards social life. To this end, it is necessary to recognise the plurality of vocabularies, histories, and cultures within the profession, which can be achieved through a construction that can unite us.
18 Apr 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , 14 historians examine the origins and development of women's emancipation movements in their respective areas of expertise, exploring the cultural and political diversity of nineteenth-century Europe and at the same time pointing out connections to questions explored by conventional scholarship.
Abstract: The nineteenth century, a time of far-reaching cultural, political, and socio-economic transformation in Europe, brought about fundamental changes in the role of women. Women achieved this by fighting for their rights in the legal, economic, and political spheres. In the various parts of Europe, this process went forward at a different pace and followed different patterns. Most historical research up to now has ignored this diversity, preferring to focus on women’s emancipation movements in major western European countries such as Britain and France. The present volume provides a broader context to the movement by including countries both large and small from all regions of Europe. Fourteen historians, all of them specialists in women’s history, examine the origins and development of women’s emancipation movements in their respective areas of expertise. By exploring the cultural and political diversity of nineteenth-century Europe and at the same time pointing out connections to questions explored by conventional scholarship, the essays shed new light on common developments and problems.
TL;DR: Critical political economy as mentioned in this paper is a transdisciplinary field of enquiry that is gaining ever more popularity among scholars and activists alike, in which various forms of exploitation that are constitutive to the continuation of global capitalism are brought into question rather than accepted as givens.
Abstract: Critical political economy is a transdisciplinary field of enquiry that is gaining ever more popularity among scholars and activists alike. In addition to analysing social power relations that revolve around how humans collectively organise production and social reproduction over time and space, critical political economy also problematises the resulting social inequalities and asymmetrical manifestations in private and public (state-)institutional settings. Particularly the various forms of exploitation that are constitutive to the continuation of global capitalism are brought into question rather than accepted as givens. Critical political economy not only offers a particular way of understanding the world, but also seeks to produce knowledge that allows for social emancipation and that ultimately contributes to the politicisation and the resilience of social struggles. Thus, while giving ontological primacy to the negative, critical political economy is essentially committed to a positive ontology by animating and awakening radical imagination about alternative futures.
28 Jan 2022
TL;DR: This paper drew upon the experiences of Scottish and Irish Catholics in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, Newfoundland and Trinidad, and shed important new light on the complex relationship between Catholicism and the British Empire.
Abstract: Drawing upon the experiences of Scottish and Irish Catholics in Nova Scotia, Cape Breton Island, Newfoundland, and Trinidad, Empire and Emancipation sheds important new light on the complex relationship between Catholicism and the British Empire.
TL;DR: In this paper , the influence of entrepreneurship on empowerment and emancipation of female entrepreneurs in the Global South countries has been investigated, and the most vulnerable women enrolled in entrepreneurial activities have been identified.
Abstract: ABSTRACT This study represents a tribute to Professor Alistair Anderson’s contributions to female entrepreneurship research. Although female entrepreneurship was only one research line in Professor Anderson’s extensive academic career, his contributions are embedded in the most contemporary discussion about the most vulnerable female entrepreneurs. Inspired by Professor Anderson’s research on the influence of entrepreneurship on the empowerment and emancipation of female entrepreneurs in the Global South countries, our study provides empirical evidence about how entrepreneurship affects women’s empowerment and emancipation compared with other occupational choices (e.g. full-time employees and homemakers). Our study includes provocative implications/discussion about gender dynamics, and the most vulnerable women enrolled in entrepreneurial activities.
TL;DR: In this paper , a global review of women's involvement in cultivation, processing, transporting, and selling drugs is presented, concluding that women are ubiquitous to the drug trade and women's labor is fundamental to it.
Abstract: ABSTRACT This article undertakes a global review of women’s involvement in cultivation, processing, transporting and selling drugs. It is underpinned by twin theoretical concerns. First, we recap and critique the emancipation thesis, especially from a global perspective. Secondly, we examine how diverse global contexts shape women’s involvement and the roles they occupy in these economies, challenging the notion that women’s involvement in the drug trade is novel, increasing, or attributable to emancipation. Our review shows that women are ubiquitous to the drug trade and women’s labor is fundamental to it. Rather than emancipation, we find that contextually-embedded experiences of gender shape women’s involvement. We conclude by identifying and thematizing factors better able to explain women’s participation in the illegal drug trade and guide future work.
TL;DR: The authors propose that entrepreneurial acts toward emancipation can be guided by different notions of the common good underlying varying conceptions of worth, beyond those emphasized in the view of entrepreneurial activity as driven by economic wealth creation.
Abstract: The assumption of wealth creation as the dominant motive underlying entrepreneurial efforts has been challenged in recent work on entrepreneurship. Taking the perspective that entrepreneurship involves emancipatory efforts by social actors to escape ideological and material constraints in their environments (Rindova, Barry, & Ketchen, 2009), researchers have sought to explain a range of entrepreneurial activities in contexts that have traditionally been excluded from entrepreneurship research. We seek to extend this research by proposing that entrepreneurial acts toward emancipation can be guided by different notions of the common good underlying varying conceptions of worth, beyond those emphasized in the view of entrepreneurial activity as driven by economic wealth creation. These alternative conceptions of worth are associated with specific subjectivities of entrepreneurial self and relevant others, and distinct legitimate bases for actions and coordination, enabling emancipation by operating from alternative value system perspectives. Drawing on Boltanski and Thévenot’s (2006) work on multiple orders of worth (OOWs), we describe how emancipatory entrepreneurship is framed within – and limited by – the dominant view, which is rooted in a market OOW. As alternatives to this view, we theorize how the civic and inspired OOWs point to alternate emancipatory ends and means through which entrepreneurs break free from material and ideological constraints. We describe factors that enable and constrain emancipatory entrepreneurship efforts within each of these OOWs, and discuss the implications of our theoretical ideas for how entrepreneurs can choose among different OOWs as perspectives and for the competencies required for engaging with pluralistic value perspectives.
01 Jan 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors draw on 15 years of action-based research and weave this with the theory to show how teachers and students might use new media for learning about interaction, searching, visualizing, constructing, storing, and retrieving.
Abstract: This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Drawing together action-based research with sociology of education, medium theory and the Bildung-tradition, the authors offer a new perspective on education in the digital age, exploring emancipation, edification, self-formation and democratic education. The authors draw on 15 years of action-based research and weave this with the theory to show how teachers and students might use new media for learning about interaction, searching, visualizing, constructing, storing, and retrieving. The authors show that education needs to be rethought, resituated and developed anew in the digital age. New norms and new ways of teaching need to be established. Building on the theory and case studies, they analyze and discuss different strategies, ideas and understandings, offering four promising ways to develop a new vision for education.
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors explored the work environment of disabled individuals in Egyptian public organizations and how it affects their feelings of emancipation, and found that institutional limitations translated into poor public policy implementation by the state and discriminatory organizational practices constitute major hurdles to the inclusiveness and empowerment of disabled employees.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Drawing on 26 semi-structured in-depth interviews with disabled employees, this paper explores the work environment of disabled individuals in Egyptian public organizations and how it affects their feelings of emancipation. The findings show that institutional limitations translated into poor public policy implementation by the state and discriminatory organizational practices constitute major hurdles to the inclusiveness and empowerment of disabled employees. Particularly, we find that the weak law enforcement capacity of the state has led to poor policy implementation, and to a lack of institutional infrastructure that can support law implementation. Furthermore, poor organizational practices, such as the unavailability of health and education resources, fair selection and/or merit-based recruiting, and speech-related harassment have further amplified the negative experiences that people with disability encounter in the workplace. All of these factors limited the emancipatory feelings of disabled employees. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end of the paper.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors argue that responsible, constructive critique depends on ethics, on causal explanation, and on the development of utopian visions, and that concrete utopias are not visions of whole alternative ready-made societies, but rather partial models that can be built in practice as elements of the larger social world.
Abstract: ABSTRACT This is an edited transcript of a keynote paper given at IACR's 2021 Annual Conference. The paper outlines a critical realist approach to critique and illustrates its application to the contemporary economy. It argues that responsible, constructive critique depends on ethics, on causal explanation, and on the development of utopian visions. Utopias are tools, and concrete utopias are not visions of whole alternative ready-made societies, but rather partial models that can be built in practice as elements of the larger social world. The argument is illustrated with three cases of digital utopianism, which help to demonstrate the practical challenges facing utopian schemes. Concrete utopias are a vehicle for combining our theoretical understandings of possibilities with an ethical analysis of needs in order to offer practical schemes for improving human flourishing.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors implement and signify entrepreneurial interventions in nursing, with a view to the social emancipation of women working in an Association of Recyclable Materials, in a pandemic period.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: To implement and signify entrepreneurial interventions in Nursing, with a view to the social emancipation of women working in an Association of Recyclable Materials. Method: Action-research with an intervention process based on an action alluding to Mother’s Day, carried out in a pandemic period, with the participation of 28 women from a Recycling Association. Results: The reflexive thematic analysis, which enabled the systematic recording of ideas, insights and the meanings of the intervention, gave rise to two categories: From apparent isolation to professional reinvention and from invisibility to dignity and the feeling of social equality. Conclusion: The interventions carried out in an Association of Recyclable Materials in a pandemic period provided, for its female workers, a sense of life, survival, dignity and empowerment, when they expected little or nothing. Enabling a social identity for the women of a Recycling Association implies, in short, overcoming linear interventions focused on assistance.
TL;DR: This work integrates the literature on power in and around organizations with studies of organizational change and behavior, and identifies various types of actions which can trigger these mechanisms that, in turn, may give rise to outcomes such as empowerment and emancipation.
Abstract: The power literature’s focus on questioning power relations has gone at the expense of deliberate attempts to improve organizational practices. How can critical performativity and other scholars address power as an enabling force, thereby also allowing for more engagement with practitioners? We integrate the literature on power in and around organizations with studies of organizational change and behavior. By focusing on enabling instead of restrictive power, we draw attention to the potentially pivotal role of key actors—managers, other practitioners, and scholars—in fostering empowerment and emancipation within organizations. Our review points at four social mechanisms that drive enabling power: formal authority, language shaping action, community formation, and the dynamics of safety and trust. Furthermore, we identify various types of actions which can trigger these mechanisms that, in turn, may give rise to outcomes such as empowerment and emancipation. The main contribution of this paper involves an integrated framework of power as an enabling force. By synthesizing various separate discourses, this framework extends prior reviews focusing on power-over, resulting in a systemic understanding of enabling power and thereby creating novel avenues for research on power. The integrative framework also provides a foundation for an intervention-oriented body of knowledge on enabling power.
TL;DR: The first mandatory Black history curriculum in a US public school system, implemented in Chicago Public Schools between 1942 and 1945, was developed by Madeline Morgan as discussed by the authors , who supplemented existing social studies lesson plans with Black people's contributions to US society.
Abstract: Abstract This paper examines the first mandatory Black history curriculum in a US public school system, implemented in Chicago Public Schools between 1942 and 1945. Researched and designed by Madeline Morgan, the curriculum supplemented existing social studies lesson plans with Black people's contributions to US society. How did she win approval for the curriculum in this highly segregated and inequitable city? The commitment of Morgan and her network of Black women educators to “intellectual emancipation” during the 1940s aligned with white schoolteachers and administrators’ interest in promoting interracial tolerance in the US during World War II.
TL;DR: Bama as mentioned in this paper examines her vision of Dalits' emancipation vis-à-vis Ambedkar's notion of social democracy and argues that education can help to dissolve the rigid boundaries of caste.
Abstract: Social democracy demands existence of freedom, equality, justice and solidarity among masses. Doyens like John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx decrypted the social inequalities that deprived people of human rights. Dr B. R. Ambedkar, being the most influential figure vis-à-vis social democracy in Indian context, voiced the deprived status of Dalits. Inspired by John Dewey’s idea of social endosmosis, he concluded that education can help to dissolve the rigid boundaries of caste. He also vociferously advocated education for Dalits to erase the status quo of being a society’s underbelly and overcome the quotidian humiliations. Discourses on Dalits since then have converged to an infectious expansive debate on the concomitant subjugated status of Dalits in the Indian social structure. Many Dalits have procured agency through education and have been vociferously voicing the subjugated position of Dalits in the cultural apparatus of caste. Bama is one such educated Dalit woman who has laid bare through her writings the complexities existing in a Dalit’s life. Her autobiography invocates Dalits to empower themselves through education and transgress the rigid boundaries of caste. The article examines her vision of Dalits’ emancipation vis-à-vis Ambedkar’s notion of social democracy.