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Showing papers on "Emergency management published in 2023"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: HIV/AIDS Advisor, P-4 Contracts Management Officer (CMO), P-5 Transport Officer, P4 Public Information Officer (PIO), P4 Senior Coordination Officer (SOCO) as mentioned in this paper , P4 Program Planning Officer (PSPO), P5 Senior Management and Programme Analyst (SMEA), P 5 Senior Programme Officer (SPO) and P 5 Chief Budget Officer (CBO), P 4 Information Management Officer(IMO)
Abstract: HIV/AIDS Advisor, P-4 Contracts Management Officer, P-4 Transport Officer, P-4 Public Information Officer, P-4 Staff Counsellor , P-4 Senior Coordination Officer, P-5 Programme Planning Officer, P-4 Senior Management and Programme Analyst, P-5 Senior Programme Officer, P-5 Chief Budget Officer, P-4 Information Management Officer , P-4 Senior Humanitarian Affairs Officer, P-5 Welfare Officer, P-4 Chief Medical Officer, P-4 Administrative Officer, P-4

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
02 Jan 2023-Energies
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide a survey on the different aspects required for an earthquake early warning system (EEWS) and propose a generic EEWS architecture based on IoT and ML.
Abstract: An earthquake early warning system (EEWS) should be included in smart cities to preserve human lives by providing a reliable and efficient disaster management system. This system can alter how different entities communicate with one another using an Internet of Things (IoT) network where observed data are handled based on machine learning (ML) technology. On one hand, IoT is employed in observing the different measures of EEWS entities. On the other hand, ML can be exploited to analyze these measures to reach the best action to be taken for disaster management and risk mitigation in smart cities. This paper provides a survey on the different aspects required for that EEWS. First, the IoT system is generally discussed to provide the role it can play for EEWS. Second, ML models are classified into linear and non-linear ones. Third, the evaluation metrics of ML models are addressed by focusing on seismology. Fourth, this paper exhibits a taxonomy that includes the emerging ML and IoT efforts for EEWS. Fifth, it proposes a generic EEWS architecture based on IoT and ML. Finally, the paper addresses the application of ML for earthquake parameters’ observations leading to an efficient EEWS.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic review of 68 Scopus-indexed journal papers published between 2011 and 2022 that focus on Urban Resilience (UR) enables cities and communities to optimally withstand disruptions and recover to their pre-disruption state as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Urban Resilience (UR) enables cities and communities to optimally withstand disruptions and recover to their pre-disruption state. There is an increasing number of interdisciplinary studies focusing on conceptual frameworks and/or tools seeking to enable more efficient decision-making processes that lead to higher levels of UR. This paper presents a systematic review of 68 Scopus-indexed journal papers published between 2011 and 2022 that focus on UR. The papers covered in this study fit three categories: literature reviews, conceptual models, and analytical models. The results of the review show that the major areas of discussion in UR publications include climate change, disaster risk assessment and management, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), urban and transportation infrastructure, decision making and disaster management, community and disaster resilience, and green infrastructure and sustainable development. The main research gaps identified include: a lack of a common resilience definition and multidisciplinary analysis, a need for a unified scalable and adoptable UR model, margin for an increased application of GIS-based multidimensional tools, stochastic analysis of virtual cities, and scenario simulations to support decision making processes. The systematic literature review undertaken in this paper suggests that these identified gaps can be addressed with the aid of asset and disaster risk management methods combined with GIS-based decision-making tools towards significantly improving UR.

4 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a comprehensive time perception satisfaction function and a comprehensive material loss pain function were constructed to portray the perceived satisfaction of disaster victims based on objective constraints such as limited transport, multimodal transport and supply being less than demand, and at the same time considered the subjective perception of time and material quantity of disaster victim under limited rational conditions, and constructed a multi-objective optimisation model for the dispatch of multi-cycle emergency supplies by combining comprehensive rescue cost information.
Abstract: In order to achieve rapid and fair distribution of emergency supplies after a large-scale sudden disaster, this paper constructs a comprehensive time perception satisfaction function and a comprehensive material loss pain function to portray the perceived satisfaction of disaster victims based on objective constraints such as limited transport, multimodal transport and supply being less than demand, and at the same time considers the subjective perception of time and material quantity of disaster victims under limited rational conditions, and constructs a multi-objective optimisation model for the dispatch of multi-cycle emergency supplies by combining comprehensive rescue cost information. For the characteristics of the proposed model, based on the NSGA-II algorithm, generalized reverse learning strategy, coding repair strategy, improved adaptive crossover, variation strategy, and elite retention strategy are introduced. Based on this, we use the real data of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake combined with simulated data to design corresponding cases for validation and comparison with the basic NSGA-II algorithm, SPEA-II and MOPSO algorithms. The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can effectively solve the large-scale post-disaster emergency resource allocation problem, and the improved NSGA- II algorithm has better performance.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed an evaluation model to identify factors influencing disaster preparedness capability, measure and compare the relative importance of evaluation indicators of preparedness capabilities in a rainstorm disaster, and analyze the impact of these factors on disaster preparation.
Abstract: This study aimed to identify factors influencing disaster preparedness capability, measure and compare the relative importance of evaluation indicators of preparedness capability in a rainstorm disaster, and analyze the impact of these factors on disaster preparedness so as to improve disaster preparedness capability. The evaluation model was proposed by constructing the target level (the first level) as an indicator system; this was divided into four indicators (the second level): planning, organization, equipment, and education and exercise, and 14 tertiary evaluation indicators (the third level). The validity of the evaluation index system was demonstrated, and the weight of each level was calculated using the Analytic Hierarchical Process and expert survey methods, taking the example of the Zhengzhou “7.20” rainstorm to conduct an empirical analysis of the proposed model. The weak points of disaster preparedness capability were identified. The empirical analysis revealed that organization scored the highest, followed by planning, equipment, and education and exercise, indicating the lack of disaster management equipment and resources, disaster management training, and exercise and public emergency safety education. These results will help in future decision-making, as they provide a clear understanding of what needs to be done to improve disaster preparedness capability.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the importance of knowledge management on a firm's strategic emergency response during the great negative shock from global public health threats is revealed, and the authors propose the exact efforts that new economy companies should make in improving knowledge management capability.
Abstract: Purpose This paper aims to unveil the importance of knowledge management on a firm's strategic emergency response during the great negative shock from global public health threats. Through analyzing how representative firms in China's new economy industries dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic before, during and after the crisis, the significant problems confronted by these firms are pointed out, and the important role knowledge management capabilities played in solving these problems is proven. Design/methodology/approach The open data of listed companies regarding the important role knowledge management played in firms' strategic emergency response during the COVID-19 pandemic are qualitatively analyzed. Based on theoretical sampling, this paper selects representative samples of enterprises and analyzes the positive response measures they took after being hit by this public health event to gain qualitative insight into the importance of knowledge management capabilities in strategic emergency response. Findings Three aspects of the important role of knowledge management capabilities in a firm's strategic emergency response during the COVID-19 pandemic are introduced: before the crisis, firms should strengthen the acquisition, sharing and integration of knowledge so that they can intensify their monitoring for uncertain risks;during the crisis, firms should boost the transmission, transformation and diffusion of knowledge to improve emergency cooperation;and after the crisis, companies should reinforce knowledge evaluation, creation and application to enhance "immunity" in similar emergencies. Research limitations/implications This paper has important implications for bolstering strategic emergency management practice and knowledge management capability among firms. Future research must focus on the following two aspects for further investigation: the dynamic relationship between firm knowledge management capability and strategic emergency response ability;and the collaboration system between firm knowledge management and strategic emergency response behaviors. Originality/value This paper discusses the important role knowledge management capabilities play in firms' strategic emergency responses based on insights gained from the significant changes that the COVID-19 pandemic caused to representative Chinese new economy firms. By analyzing the three stages of before, during and after the emergency, this paper proposes the exact efforts that new economy companies should make in improving knowledge management capability.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a real-time fire protection system architecture for disaster prevention, evacuation, and rescue operations in buildings is proposed and prototyped for a proof of concept, which promotes simulated verification of the effectiveness of disaster prevention and evacuation operations at the building planning and design stage.
Abstract: Regardless of the type of disaster a building undergoes, personal safety, property preservation, and attribution of responsibility are the three assessment indicators that summarize the effectiveness of disaster prevention, evacuation, and rescue operations when the area of a building affected by a disaster endangers personal safety. The only possible response under these conditions is for people to immediately leave the dangerous area and escape to a safe and secure area. Therefore, both the timeliness of evacuation and rescue advice directly determine the outcome of the disaster. This study reflects on current fire protection systems and puts forward the approaches of Prevention Level for Deployment in Advance and Spatial Transformation by Human–Machine Collaboration to deal with disasters and promote building safety. A real-time fire protection system architecture for disaster prevention, evacuation, and rescue operations in buildings is proposed and prototyped for a proof of concept. The architecture promotes simulated verification of the effectiveness of disaster prevention, evacuation, and rescue operations at the building planning and design stage.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a service-oriented collaborative approach to disaster decision support by integrating geospatial resources and task chain as domain knowledge into a distributed environment, where responders collaboratively perform emergency tasks to deliver the right information to the right person at the right time by leveraging the SDSS.

3 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors applied a programmatic strategy to understand the challenges disaster management authorities and communities face in managing flood risks through the conventional disaster management cycle in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan.
Abstract: The world has seen a number of natural hazards, but among them, floods are perhaps the most frequent devastating natural hazard, resulting in more human causalities and financial losses. Rural inundation has become an issue of concern in various parts of the world, including Pakistan. Over the past few decades, it has been hard for local institutions and rural populations to recover from the trauma inflicted by these events. The disaster risk management cycle is a well-known tool for coping with disasters and their consequences. Yet, the DRM cycle efficacy has been questioned in various rural settings. Thus, this paper applied a programmatic strategy to understand the challenges disaster management authorities and communities face in managing flood risks through the conventional disaster management cycle in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The study objective was accomplished by using both qualitative and exploratory research designs. Four communities (namely, Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera, and Dera Ismail Khan) with a historical record of flooding were chosen for focus group discussion (32 in total) using a purposive sampling method. Additionally, 31 key informant interviews were undertaken from pertinent local disaster risk management institutions. We employed a thematic analysis to classify responses and obstacles into the various stages of the disaster management cycle. The findings of this study from interviews and focus groups provided some new insight into the conventional DRM cycle. The issues and challenges encountered by institutions and the community members were divided into four stages: 1-mitigation, 2-preparedness, 3-rescue and relief (R&R), and 4-rehabilitation and recovery (R&R). Based on the findings, it seems that local disaster management institutions still rely on reactive strategies and deal with flood hazards on an ad hoc basis. Poor governance and a lack of responses for present development trajectories were also highlighted as reasons why flood risk management is still challenging. There is an urgent need to perform susceptibility and risk assessments for multiple hazards and develop specialized plans that follow disaster risk reduction principles and adaptation to climate change. This study recommends incorporating resilience and adaptation to climate change into the current disaster management cycle to prevent or reduce future hazards and risks in rural areas.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a novel emergency plan generation approach is proposed to assist decision-making under unconventional emergent situations by leveraging deep-learning-based natural language techniques to explore the interrelationship between existing emergency plans developed for common emergencies and the target unconventional emergency.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors compare responses among three sets of stakeholders (government, non-governmental organizations, and local residents) during the first 10 days of both oil spills, which also occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: Oil spills generate negative ecological, societal, economic, and public health impacts, and require rapid response to contain and mitigate damages. Prompt and effective emergency management of acute events like oil spills is highly dependent on the social, institutional, and ecological context. In August 2020, the wreckage of the MV Wakashio spilled 1000 tonnes of fuel oil along an ecologically sensitive coastline in Pointe d’Esny, Mauritius. In October 2021, an offshore pipeline split and released 78 tonnes of crude oil off the coast of Huntington Beach in California. We compare responses among three sets of stakeholders (government, non-governmental organizations, and local residents) during the first 10 days of both oil spills, which also occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Mauritius, unfavorable weather conditions and COVID-19-related border closures that delayed international support impeded government action, creating a leadership and trust vacuum among residents regarding the immediate cleanup response. This perceived gap was subsequently complemented by NGOs coordinating improvised artisanal boom production and local volunteer cleanup efforts, with limited protection or public health training. By contrast, prompt state and local government intervention in Huntington Beach created a clear chain of command with NGOs and residents deferring to official guidance. In both cases, the oil spills created new policy opportunities to improve emergency management plans and reduce future risks. Our results demonstrate the influence of prior local expertise in managing earlier disasters and resources on governmental and organizational capacity. Incorporating and ensuring on-the-ground disaster expertise in response activities improves government-led crisis response, subsequently protecting ecosystems and residents. Effective multi-level crisis response helps address a range of environmental and social justice concerns related to negative impacts of spills on local communities. Our study discusses how learnings from disaster management can reinforce social-ecological resilience in coastal communities dealing with increasing anthropogenic stressors.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2023-Heliyon
TL;DR: In this article , a three-dimensional and efficiently connected emergency medical management model using fifth generation mobile communication technology (5G) was established to improve the efficiency and level of management in emergency medicine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper constructed an indicator system for evaluating social vulnerability of natural disasters in Zhejiang Province through demand analysis, frequency analysis, and applicability analysis and analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of social vulnerability to natural disasters.
Abstract: Natural disasters present a significant challenge to the productivity of Zhejiang Province. This paper is the first to evaluate social vulnerability to natural disasters in Zhejiang Province and provides a scientific foundation for disaster prevention, mitigation, and risk management. In this paper, we construct an indicator system for evaluating social vulnerability of natural disasters in Zhejiang Province through demand analysis, frequency analysis, and applicability analysis. The methodology employed in this paper reduces errors arising from subjective indicator selection and provides a reference for future international research on evaluating social vulnerability to natural disasters. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution of social vulnerability to natural disasters in 11 cities from 2011 to 2020. The results indicate an overall downward trend of social vulnerability to natural disasters in Zhejiang. Social vulnerability to natural disasters exhibits significant spatial variability. The evaluation can help to bridge the knowledge gap regarding the social vulnerability of Zhejiang Province to natural disasters. The analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of social vulnerability provides insights into the contributing factors to vulnerability and the effectiveness of past disaster management strategies. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference for future research in Zhejiang Province and other regions facing similar challenges. The results can contribute to the advancement of comprehensive knowledge of social vulnerability to natural disasters, which can inform the development of policies and strategies aimed at mitigating disaster risk and promoting effective disaster management globally.

Journal ArticleDOI
Elias Grande1
TL;DR: The DepApp as discussed by the authors is a mobile application that contains emergency phone numbers and can provide general information about an earthquake which people can benefit from before and after the earthquake, and safe areas in which to shelter after an earthquake are offered to the user.
Abstract: The presented DepApp is an application that provides information about the intensity, time and whereabouts of a recent earthquake. In addition, the presented application is a mobile application that contains emergency phone numbers and can provide general information about an earthquake which people can benefit from before and after the earthquake. With the presented application, people will be able to easily access information about earthquakes. Moreover, safe areas in which to shelter after an earthquake are offered to the user. Information about an earthquake kit is given to user in the application. The earthquake kit should be prepared before the earthquake. The application also includes emergency sounds that can be used in the event of an earthquake. A survey system is designed to determine the intensity of the earthquake as it is felt by the users. After the earthquake, the application presents the intensity, time, and location of the earthquake to the user. Thus, with this application, users will be more knowledgeable and prepared for an earthquake.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors presented a seismic resilience assessment incorporating functionality loss and pathways for subsequent recovery for a reinforced-concrete building, representing typical behavior of the building group used for critical functions, is considered under pre- and post-disaster preparedness, planning, and risk reduction options to develop deeper understanding of risks and selection of pathways.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Built infrastructure systems must be resilient to disasters. After a disaster, its functionality has to evolve with significant uncertainties to restore pre-event condition. Innovative infrastructure design and management pathways can aid in sequencing possible pre- and post-disaster actions, incorporating flexibility into planning and decision-making to enhance resilience. Adoption of disaster risk reduction policies can benefit from accurate, comprehensive, and systematic probabilistic risk and resilience assessments. Such assessments, though not widely prevalent, help to understand the root causes of vulnerabilities and quantify their uncertainties. Therefore, they are prerequisites to identify and implement adaptation pathways for enhancing infrastructure resilience. To support identification and implementation of pathways approach, this study presents seismic resilience assessment incorporating functionality loss and pathways for subsequent recovery. An archetypical reinforced-concrete building, representing typical behavior of the building group used for critical functions, is considered under pre- and post-disaster preparedness, planning, and risk reduction options to develop deeper understanding of risks and selection of pathways. Resilience assessments are conducted based on performance-based earthquake engineering approach and considering uncertainties through Monte Carlo simulations. Both engineering and management interventions, such as improving non-structural component performance, eliminating post-disaster impedances, reducing repair delays, other management activities, and their combinations, are simulated under a common framework. The study quantifies how these measures can reduce losses, improve response, and enhance infrastructure resilience. Options for technical and management decision-making by various stakeholders to enhance resilience are also presented. The study advocates embracing the resiliency mindset and illustrates the benefits of multiple stakeholders for risk-informed decision-making.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors explored the phenomenon of ritualization by analyzing data from 1485 questionnaires, 60 in-depth interviews and 85 actual public health emergency plans, and found that the infeasibility of plans, their ineffective implementation by emergency management agencies, the obstructive behaviors of community residents, and the lack of an appropriate policy environment all contributed to the practice of ritualisation.
Abstract: Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has been a global public health emergency, and countries worldwide have responded to it through a vast array of pre-planned, adaptively devised and ad-hoc measures. In China, public health emergency plans - the plans expected to drive the response to epidemics or pandemics - demonstrated a concerning tendency towards “ritualization.” “Ritualization” denotes the practice of public health emergency plans to be reliably developed so that a formal requirement is met, while being implemented selectively or not at all in the emergency response. Methods This study explored the phenomenon of ritualization by analyzing data from 1485 questionnaires, 60 in-depth interviews and 85 actual public health emergency plans. It used the Smith Policy-Implementation-Processing pattern as its conceptual framework. Results The study found that the infeasibility of plans, their ineffective implementation by emergency management agencies, the obstructive behaviors of community residents, and the lack of an appropriate policy environment all contributed to the practice of ritualization. Discussion As China seeks to better respond to COVID-19 and accelerate the recovery of its health system, it is essential to ensure that its public health emergency plans are effectively developed and implemented.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used a quantitative correlation method with a questionnaire to determine disaster knowledge and student preparedness in dealing with forest and land fire disasters, and determine the relationship between knowledge and students' preparedness.
Abstract: Forest and land fires are disasters that regularly occur on the island of Kalimantan, Indonesia. Higher education students on the island of Kalimantan are considered vulnerable to these disasters, hence the need for mandatory disaster knowledge and preparedness for every individual in the area. This research aimed to: (1) determine disaster knowledge and student preparedness in dealing with forest and land fire disasters, (2) determine the relationship between knowledge and student preparedness. This study used a quantitative correlation method with a questionnaire. The data were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 21. The research sample used purposive sampling because it followed the needs of the study, which involved 300 students affected by forest fires, representing three universities located in a forest fire–prone area in West Kalimantan province, Indonesia. Each campus has 100 students, a total of 300 students. The results showed as many as 284 students had experienced forest and land fire disasters. In addition, 202 out of 284 students were known to have low disaster knowledge. Four main parameters of disaster preparedness were used to measure student preparedness, namely (1) knowledge and attitudes, (2) emergency response plans, (3) disaster warning system and (4) resource mobilisation. The number of students with high preparedness was 141, while 143 had low preparedness. Thus, student preparedness measures need to be increased to avoid disaster impact. Contribution Based on the data analysis, students’ knowledge and preparedness to face forest fires are positively related. It was shown that the higher the learning of students, the higher their readiness and vice versa. It is suggested that there is a need for increasing knowledge and preparedness actions for students in dealing with forest fire disasters through regular disaster lectures, simulations and training so that they can make the right decisions in coping with disasters.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a bi-objective two-stage stochastic formulation for disaster preparedness and immediate response considering the interaction of multiple stakeholders in uncertain environments caused by the occurrence of simultaneous disasters is presented.
Abstract: The increasing damage caused by disasters is a major challenge for disaster management authorities, especially in instances where simultaneous disasters affect different geographical areas. The uncertainty and chaotic conditions caused by these situations combined with the inherent complexity of collaboration between multiple stakeholders complicates delivering support for disaster victims. Decisions related to facility location, procurement, stock prepositioning and relief distribution are essential to ensure the provision of relief for these victims. There is a need to provide analytical models that can support integrated decision-making in settings with uncertainty caused by simultaneous disasters. However, there are no formulations tackling these decisions combining multiple suppliers, multiple agencies, and simultaneous disasters. This article introduces a novel bi-objective two-stage stochastic formulation for disaster preparedness and immediate response considering the interaction of multiple stakeholders in uncertain environments caused by the occurrence of simultaneous disasters. At the first stage, decisions related to the selection of suppliers, critical facilities, agencies involved, and pre-disaster procurement are defined. Resource allocation, relief distribution and procurement of extra resources after the events are decided at the second stage. The model was tested on data from the situation caused by simultaneous hurricanes and storms in Mexico during September of 2013. The case is contrasted with instances planning for disasters independently. The results show how planning for multiple disasters can help understand the real boundaries of the disaster response system, the benefits of integrated decision-making, the impact of deploying only the agencies required, and the criticality of considering human resources in disaster planning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present the current state of knowledge on what we, the authors, say are the central aspects of trauma management of mass casualty incidents, taking care of the growing causes of emergency care levels as well as cross-sectoral collaboration in the management of multiple incidents, reducing disease, disability, and mortality in the population with multiple disorders.
Abstract: Access and emergency medical care for massive or multiple injuries is an comprehensive interdisciplinary challenge. Taking care of the growing causes of emergency care levels as well as cross-sectoral collaboration in the management of multiple incidents, reducing disease, disability, and mortality in the population with multiple disorders. In a disaster or extraordinary situation with mass casualties is a state in which the health care system is overloaded and the ability to provide emergency health care is considerably hindered. The aim of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on what we, the authors, say are the central aspects of trauma management of mass casualty incidents. Emergency planning and methodology are related to accidental states, elementary medical staff disasters, medical equipment, drilling material, concretizing assessment tools, monitoring, mass incident prevention. In terms of implementing a good action plan, effective collaboration between state agencies such as fire departament and law enforcement is necessary in identifying and directing critically ill patients to designated trauma centres. The integration of emergency systems for incident management, through providing resources like, medical equipment, drugs, autoambulances, ongoing education and training. This has the impact of increasing knowledge of medical emergency procedures that would help reduce the risk of consequences of mass incidents. When applied to MCI responses, damage-control principles reduce resource utilization and optimze surge capacity, consequently reducing the rate of mortality.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed a system dynamic (SD) model for the NGO relief supply system to evaluate and quantify the impact of factor changes on relief supplies and provided suggestions for guiding NGO relief goods supplies in the future.
Abstract: Intention Global emergencies cause significant damage to lives, assets, and the economy. Therefore, the supply of relief goods is essential in emergency relief contexts, which is generally the function of non-government organizations (NGOs) as they have unique relief goods supply advantages. However, few studies have explored the influencing factors on NGO relief goods supply efficiency. To systematically explore the factors affecting supply efficiency, we aim to develop a supply chain model for simulating and providing policy suggestions. Method Taking the 2020 Hubei COVID-19 as case study, this research developed a system dynamic (SD) model for the NGO relief supply system to evaluate and quantify the impact of factor changes on relief supplies. Conclusion It was found that transportation and information delays aggravated the NGO emergency supply chain bullwhip effect and caused large supply fluctuations. The initial relief goods inventory was found to be a decisive factor in reducing shortages in disaster areas; however, government support was found to play only a limited role in reducing information and transportation delays. Value This study enriches NGO emergency supply chain literature and provides suggestions for guiding NGO relief goods supplies in the future.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A systematic overview of diverse ECDs, classic ECD management, ECD data complexities, and an AISDR research landscape are presented in this article , where Translational disaster AI is essential to enable smart disaster resilience.
Abstract: The uncertain world has seen increasing emergencies, crises and disasters (ECDs), such as the COVID-19 pandemic, hurricane Ian, global financial inflation and recession, misinformation disaster, and cyberattacks. AI for smart disaster resilience (AISDR) transforms classic reactive and scripted disaster management to digital proactive and intelligent resilience across ECD ecosystems. A systematic overview of diverse ECDs, classic ECD management, ECD data complexities, and an AISDR research landscape are presented in this article. Translational disaster AI is essential to enable smart disaster resilience.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors used space syntax to ascertain evacuation route features using geometric distance analysis and found that the areas in the first quadrant were relatively close to accessible roads, and there was an area that was not connected to the existing evacuation channels.
Abstract: Cities evolve and change with economic development and population growth, and urban planning laws in Taiwan have regulations that should be comprehensively reviewed every six years. Most current government policies aim to add new disaster prevention shelters or rescue stations. An economical way to improve the disaster prevention capabilities of urban planning is through examining or reviewing spatial structures and disaster prevention plans from the perspective of citizens or residents. The UN Office of Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) launched the Making Cities Resilient Campaign policy to enhance disaster-resistant and sustainable urban environments through integrated disaster mitigation, reduction, response, and evacuation plans. This study used space syntax to ascertain evacuation route features using geometric distance analysis. There was 31.61% efficiency in relation to accessible roads on a comprehensive map. We could clearly see that since the areas in the first quadrant were relatively close to accessible roads, and there was an area that was not connected to the existing evacuation channels. The increased number of channels was more accessible and extensive. Such suggestions are helpful for government departments to prepare for disaster management. The spatial characteristics of the physical environment are explained by the accessibility and efficiency of axial maps and visibility analyzed by space syntax. Our findings reveal that space syntax is an important application when examining evacuation maps.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 20 large water utilities in Texas was conducted to track the evolution of water infrastructure resilience across three phases: the storm and immediate aftermath, the subsequent one-year period, and the "new normal" in the post-disaster environment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors explore nursing emergency management system under public health emergencies, and propose a system for public health emergency management in nursing care system, which aims to explore the potential of nursing care.
Abstract: This study aims to explore nursing emergency management system under public health emergencies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , a case study of a simulated earthquake and its effect on the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada, is presented and examples of the utility of each assessment methodology are detailed.
Abstract: Earthquakes and other natural hazards can cause significant damage to structures and critical lifeline systems. To effectively prepare for disasters, planners and emergency managers can use modeling to assess the impacts that a disaster could have at a municipal and regional level. Modeling approaches are often technically complex and require a great deal of data and expertise to develop and assess. Technical assessments are immensely valuable for providing a detailed understanding of a system, but their complexity makes it challenging to provide opportunities for engagement with a variety of audiences and to compare different scenarios and their effects on a region. The work presented here seeks to demonstrate multiple assessment methods and their utility for planning purposes by using a model that tracks infrastructure system dependencies, repair times, and resource requirements. The assessment methods include developing recovery curves that can be used to assess outage effects on communities, ranking recovery times for different zones to describe areas that are relatively more or less at risk after a disaster, and comparing system recovery time to repair time to assess internal and external dependencies. This work provides an overview of the modeling approach and its representation of water, wastewater, power, and road and highway systems. A case study of a simulated earthquake and its effect on the Metro Vancouver region of British Columbia, Canada, is also presented and examples of the utility of each assessment methodology are detailed. The goal of this work is to provide additional resources for planners and policy makers so that they are equipped to make decisions that best protect their communities.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the management function of post-flood disaster infrastructure development in Masamba District, North Luwu Regency is investigated using the theory of George R Terry which consists of four aspects namely planning, organizing, actuating, and supervising.
Abstract: Masamba and Baebunta District which are located in North Luwu Regency are disaster-prone areas and have a high potential for natural disasters. On July 13 2020, there was a flash flood which damaged infrastructure, public facilities and caused casualties. Until now, the government is still continuing to make improvements. The results of the study indicate that the Management of Infrastructure Development in Masamba District, North Luwu Regency is still experiencing problems. This is due to a lack of estimate regional expenditure revenue-APBD funds which has made infrastructure development unfinished because these funds have been used in handling the Covid-19 virus. To find out how the Management Function of Post Flood Disaster Infrastructure Development in Masamba District, North Luwu Regency. Using the theory of George R Terry which consists of four aspects namely planning, organizing, actuating, and supervising. These four aspects will be used in research to analyze more deeply regarding the research to be carried out. As informants consisted of: PUPR Service, BNPB, Head of Maipi Village, Head of Baloli Village, Head of Bone Village, Old Head of Bone and the Community. This study used interview techniques, observation of research locations, and documentation. Using qualitative methods with descriptive research type.