Showing papers on "Facial expression published in 1971"

Constants across cultures in the face and emotion

Abstract: This study addresses the question of whether any facial expressions of emotion are universal. Recent studies showing that members of literate cultures associated the same emotion concepts with the same facial behaviors could not demonstrate that at least some facial expressions of emotion are universal; the cultures compared had all been exposed to some of the same mass media presentations of facial expression, and these may have taught the people in each culture to recognize the unique facial expressions of other cultures. To show that members of a preliterate culture who had minimal exposure to literate cultures would associate the same emotion concepts with the same facial behaviors as do members of Western and Eastern literate cultures, data were gathered in New Guinea by telling subjects a story, showing them a set of three faces, and asking them to select the face which showed the emotion appropriate to the story. The results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that the association between particular facial muscular patterns and discrete emotions is universal.

Transcultural Patterns of Ritualized Contact Behavior

Abstract: Man communicates with his fellow man, with speech but also with a number of expression-movements. Whether these signals belong to an innate repertoire of motor patterns which are not learned is a point of controversy. Gehlen is of the opinion that, except perhaps for a few reflexes of the newborn, there are no innate behavior patterns in man [14]. A similar view was expressed by Montagu [21], while Birdwhistell specifically emphasized that there are no inherited facial expressions and gestures in man, and that therefore differences are found transculturally [4,5]. Birdwhistell is very firm about this point, although in his publications concerning cross-cultural evidence he only makes statements.

Nonverbal Behavior of Young Children as It Relates to Their Decision Making: A Report of Research Findings.

Abstract: NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR OF YOUNG CHILDREN AS IT RELATES TO THEIR DECISION MAKING: A Report of Research Findings September 1970-1971 Since the purpose of education is to enhance the person, it would appear that the first and foremost prerequisite for any educational practice is a scrutinizing look at the person for whom education is intended. One way of studying the person is to examine his communication processes. The major purpose of this study was to examine the nonverbal behavior of young children in relationship to the decision making process. A critical aspect of the study was the development of the Nonverbal Behavior Category System, The nonverbal behaviors examined in this study were facial expressions, gesture, and body movement. Decision-making behaviors as used in this study were viewed on a less intentional-intentional continuum ranging from beginning or pre-decision behaviors which suggested little or no intent to middle or exploratory behaviors indicative of more intent to end behaviors which denoted strong intent or a child's absorption in or completion of a task. Design Subtects Subjects were University Nursery-Kindergarten children who were chosen to satisfy the folio ing criteria: a representative sample from Cr/ each of thl three age groups, and a comparable number of boys and girls. There were 10 subjects in the Pilot Study and 21 in the Principal Study.

Congenital facial diplegia.

Abstract: Case report This patient, a boy aged 4 years, was referred to the Paediatric Department by his general practitioner who had noticed his stiff upper lip, and that he was unable to smile or wrinkle his face. In infancy he had had difficulty in sucking a bottle, but could feed from the breast. He was later able to swallow using a cup, without dribbling, but could not suck from a straw. He had had recurrent ocular infections until he was 2 or 3 years old.