Showing papers on "Field (Bourdieu) published in 1998"

Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action

Abstract: Preface. 1. Social Space and Symbolic Space. Appendix: The "Soviet" Variant and Political Capital. 2. The New Capital. A. ppendix: Social Space and Field of Power. 3. Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field. Appendix: The Family Spirit. 4. Is a Disinterested Act Possible?. 5. The Economy of Symbolic Goods. Appendix: Remarks on the Economy of the Church. 6. The Scholastic Point of View. A Paradoxical Foundation of Ethics. Index.

The State Nobility: Elite Schools in the Field of Power

Abstract: Foreword by Loic J. D. Wacquant. Translatora s Note. Prologue: Social Structures and Mental Structures. Part I: Academic Forms of Classification:. 1. Dualistic Thinking and the Conciliation of Opposites. 2. Misrecognition and Symbolic Violence. Part II: The Ordination:. 1. The Production of a Nobility. 2. A Rite of Institution. 3. The Ambiguities of Competence. Part III: The Field of the Grandes Ecoles and its Transformations:. 1. A State of the Structure. 2. A Structural History. Part IV: The Field of Power and its Transformations:. 1. Forms of Power and their Reproduction. 2. Establishment Schools and Power over the Economy. 3 Transformations in the Structure of the Field of Power. Part V: State Power and Power over the State:. Notes. Index.

Business Planning as Pedagogy: Language and Control in a Changing Institutional Field.

Abstract: Language and power are central to an understanding of control. This paper uses the work of Pierre Bourdieu to argue that an enriched view of power, in the form of symbolic violence, is central. We examine the pedagogical function business plans played in the provincial museums and cultural heritage sites of Alberta, Canada. The struggle to name and legitimate practices occurs in the business planning process, excluding some knowledges and practices and teaching and utilizing other knowledges and ways of viewing the organization. We show that control involves both redirecting work and changing the identity of producers, in particular, how they understand their work through the construction of markets, consumers, and products. This process works by changing the capital, in its multiple forms – symbolic, cultural, political and economic – in an organizational and institutional field. Editors' introduction This paper is remarkable for several features. Above all, it surprises by revealing that the apparently mundane process of business planning in museums involves in fact a bitterly contested struggle for control, with considerable cultural significance. It makes a clear micro–macro link, connecting wider social processes of commercialization in the public sector to the detailed work of museum curators. The researchers demonstrate reflexivity about their role, almost to the point of self-consciousness. Finally, the paper introduces the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu to a new audience, in a manner that is clearly additive to other theoretical perspectives. On the other hand, as we discuss in the final commentary, opportunities for comparative analysis and close reporting of particular activities are not fully explored.

Postsocialist Pathways: Transforming Politics and Property in East Central Europe

Abstract: Part I. Extrication: 1. Remaking the political field: strategic interactions and contingent choices Part II. Transformations: 2. The privatization debate: from plan to market or from plan to clan? 3. Path dependence and privatization strategies Part III. Deliberative Association: 4. Markets, states, and deliberative associations 5. Restructuring networks in East European capitalism 6. Enabling constraints: institutional sources of policy coherence 7. Extended accountability Bibliography.

A cultural field in the making : Gastronomy in 19th-century France

Abstract: The gastronomic field in 19th‐century France is taken as a model for the analysis of cultural fields as characteristically modern phenomena. The antecedents of the field are located in a new economic, institutional, and ideological context. But its foundations are laid by a spectrum of gastronomic writings (journalism, cookbooks, proto‐sociological essays, political philosophy, and literary works) that proposed an expansive, nationalizing culinary discourse. It is this discourse that secured the autonomy of the field, determined its operative features, and was largely responsible for the distinctive position of this cultural field.

The Favored Circle: The Social Foundations of Architectural Distinction

Abstract: The popular view of architecture focuses on individual creative geniuses, those who have designed the most "significant" works. According to Garry Stevens, however, successful architects owe their success not so much to genius as to social background and a host of other factors that have very little to do with native talent. To concentrate only on the profession of architecture is to ignore the much larger field of architecture, which structures the entire social universe of the architect and of which architects are only one part. This book critically surveys that field, exposing many myths and debunking a number of heroes in the process.Using the conceptual apparatus of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, Stevens describes the field of architecture on two levels. First, he provides a detailed account of the field as it is at any given point in time, describing the different components and their relationships. Second, he analyzes the dynamics of the field through time, from the Renaissance to the present. He discusses the system of architectural education, as well as everyday aspects such as the competition for reputation. He concludes that throughout history, the most eminent architects have been connected to each other by master-pupil and collegiate relations. These networks, which still exist, provide a mechanism for architectural influence that runs parallel to that of the university-based schools.

The practice of field instruction in social work : theory and process

Abstract: This book is designed to guide social workers in their work as field instructors. It is unique in that it presents a conceptual system that unites social work theory taught in the classroom to actual practice in a variety of community settings. This system gives the field instructor a model to guide the student through a process that focuses attention on common elements of all social work practice situations. Many examples are presented to illustrate the application of this process. In addition, the text incorporates current research and experience on pre-practicum preparation, the importance of the initial meeting with students, the relationship between field instructor and student, guidance and monitoring of the learning process, evaluation procedures, legal liability and ethical issues, and working with students where age, experience, gender, differing ethnicities, or the presence of a disability may need consideration. Field education is examined bearing in mind the multiple and rapidly changing contexts of social work and social welfare policies and practices, university and service organizations, and professional and legal requirements. The Practice of Field Instruction in Social Work: Theory and Process is an invaluable text for anyone preparing to become a field instructor, for current field instructors, and for faculty members responsible for field coordination. The information presented here is based on current research and teaching experience. The model presented in the book has been used with success in undergraduate and graduate programs throughout Canada and in other countries.

Doing Field Research: Practice and Meta-Theory in Counterpoint

Abstract: This paper elucidates the craft of doing field research. Our discussion is presented in the form of two parallel texts. One text narrates the practical issues that surround our craft. Where possible, these issues have been illustrated from our own experience in doing management accounting field research. This text is intended to be a useful guide for novice researchers contemplating field research. However, even competent field researchers may practise this craft whilst being only vaguely aware of the larger philosophical currents that their research raises. We raise some of these larger ?meta-theoretical? currents in a second parallel but related text. It is our hope that by raising both practical and meta-theoretical issues, a more critically constituted craft of management accounting field research may emerge.

Sla property: no trespassing

Abstract: and thought-provoking responses of our colleagues, both those supporting our views and those opposing them. In general, we feel that the response articles lend support to our position (stated in detail in MLJ81,3) that conceptual and methodological tensions in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) do exist, and that they indicate that the field is in need of conceptual and methodological broadening and is thus more or less ready and willing to reconsider concepts which have generally been unquestioningly accepted and well established (specifically, the concepts of learner, nonnative, and interlanguage). We sincerely hope that our MLJarticle and its responses will provide a framework upon which fruitful debates may be conducted in the years to come. The critics of our article hold that our views

Bourdieu's Field and the Sociology of Welfare

Abstract: Bourdieu conceptualises most aspects of social life in terms of fields, which constitute sites of struggle over a central stake. The resources which are used in these struggles, and whose appropriation is at stake, are defined as types of capital: economic, cultural, social and symbolic. Each field involves a set of players, of agents who are engaged in practices and strategies on the basis of an habitus. It is contended in this article that such an approach can be usefully mobilised to develop a sociological analysis of welfare. The model has to be slightly altered to make it more adequate for the study of the welfare field. First, what Bourdieu calls political capital is given a more prominent place. Secondly, the focus is more definitely set on the rates at which types of capital are converted in the welfare field. It is argued that such a model satisfies the central requirements of a sociology of welfare, in that it places welfare activities within the wider social context while grasping their internal dynamic. It provides an effective framework for addressing the main questions which are raised by a sociology of welfare.

A Mathematical Model for the Behavior of Individuals in a Social Field

Abstract: Related to an idea of Lewin, a mathematical model for behavioral changes under the influence of a social field is developed. The social field reflects public opinion, social norms and trends. It is not only given by external factors (the environment) but also by the interactions of individuals. Two important kinds of interaction processes are distinguished: Imitative and avoidance processes. Variations of individual behavior are taken into account by ``diffusion coefficients''.

Doing Field Research: Practice and Meta-Theory in Counterpoint

Abstract: This paper elucidates the craft of doing field research. Our discussion is presented in the form of two parallel texts. One text narrates the practical issues that surround our craft. Where possible, these issues have been illustrated from our own experience in doing management accounting field research. This text is intended to be a useful guide for novice researchers contemplating field research. However, even competent field researchers may practise this craft whilst being only vaguely aware of the larger philosophical currents that their research raises. We raise some of these larger ?meta-theoretical? currents in a second parallel but related text. It is our hope that by raising both practical and meta-theoretical issues, a more critically constituted craft of management accounting field research may emerge.

The history of participatory evaluation and current debates in the field

Abstract: This chapter traces the history and philosophical roots of participatory evaluation and examines some current debates in the field.

A Systems Framework for the Field of Personality

Abstract: The framework for an academic field outlines the content of that field. The field's textbooks and reviews organize the field according to the framework's outline. Today, the field of personality psychology lacks a single, integrative framework. As a consequence, the field appears disorganized and weak. The systems framework developed in this article provides a unified presentation of the field. The framework employs 4 topics to organize the field: personality's (a) identification (or definition), (b) components, (c) organization, and (d) development. Each of the four topics is associated, in turn, with its own subsidiary framework that outlines its more specific coverage. The systems framework communicates personality psychology more effectively than previous presentations of the field. Its fieldwide overview provides a unified perspective for studying, explaining, and evaluating the personality system.

Habitus and Cultural Capital in the Field of Personal Finance

Abstract: Key concepts drawn from the work of Pierre Bourdieu – in particular, habitus and cultural capital – which have been widely used to analyse the fields of education and the arts, are applied here to the sociologically neglected field of personal finance. The cultural project to promote marketization has not created an informed public of sovereign consumers rich in cultural capital. On the contrary, the development of commodified mass-market financial products and services implies a lowering of the threshold not just of economic but also of cultural capital needed for their acquisition. Financial scandals, such as the widespread misselling of personal pensions in the UK from the mid-1980s , typically involve in Bourdieu’s terms an ‘objective complicity’ between a wide variety of stakeholders – including the government, employers, financial service providers, industry regulators, and financial advisers – and private investors whose habitus and lack of cultural capital prepare them for co-operation in their own exploitation.

The Rules of the Journalistic Field: Pierre Bourdieu's Contribution to the Sociology of the Media

Abstract: Pierre Bourdieu's recent research on the media offers a valuable although somewhat inconsistent appraisal of what he describes as the `journalistic field'. The French sociologist applies his main conceptual tools to the media — and more particularly to television — in order to shed light on hidden forms of domination and symbolic violence exercised by television. He emphasizes that market journalism has become a threat to the autonomy of fields endowed with specific rules and capital, such as the academic and the political fields. Bourdieu insists that it is this process that endangers democracy. This article proposes a critical assessment of Bourdieu's sociology of television. Despite a generally sympathetic account, it stresses the epistemological weakness of his work and argues that it is difficult to understand the recent evolution of the French journalistic field — Bourdieu's main case study — without paying more attention to the impact of the political field on the media than Bourdieu does. While ul...

The Concept of Learning in the Strategy Field Review and Outlook

Abstract: This article begins by looking at how the concept of learning has informed our understanding of competitiveness. It then goes on to examine the fresh perspective that the notion of learning opens u...

Conceptualising Constraint: Mouzelis, Archer and the Concept of Social Structure:

Abstract: This paper outlines and evaluates recent contributions by Nicos Mouzelis and Margaret Archer to the structure-agency debate. Mouzelis offers an internal reconstruction of Giddens's structuration theory; Archer an external alternative. I show that, although representing an advance on Giddens's position, Mouzelis's account fails because he relies on the former's definition of structure as comprising rules and resources. I then examine Archer's solution to the problem. I argue that her definition of activity-dependence makes her account of the relationship between agents and structures unclear. I outline an alternative account in terms of super- venience, and argue that it contains the minimum ontological claim necessary for a realist understanding of the structure-agent relationship. This paper evaluates two recent attempts to prune the hardy perennial of structure and agency. In their recent writing, both Nicos Mouzelis and Margaret Archer offer alternatives to Anthony Giddens's structuration theory (Mouzelis 1995, 1996; Archer 1995, 1996b). The renewed attention paid to older writing in this field, and particularly to the work of David Lockwood, has caused McLennan (1995:117) to note 'a loose but noticeable neo- traditionalist revival' in sociological theory. The two authors exemplify this trend in different ways. Mouzelis says we should go 'back to sociological theory,' whereas Archer sees Lockwood as a forebear but explicitly tries to formulate a new research paradigm. I begin by outlining the problem as inherited from Giddens. I then discuss Mouzelis's and Archer's solutions in detail. Mouzelis's work is a careful internal critique and reconstruction of Giddens's theory. Archer's is a distinct, external alternative to it. Both authors try to make a clear distinction between agents and structures in order to make these concepts (and particularly the latter) coherent and useful. In their efforts to give the concept of social structure back its bite, both Archer and Mouzelis draw on Lockwood's (1956, 1964) distinction between social and system integration. Mouzelis attempts to build the distinction into Giddens's account. In doing so, he points to a number of important aspects of structure and agency that Giddens cannot grasp. However, Giddens's key idea that structure should be thought of as rules and resources is left largely untouched. I show that Mouzelis's refinements run into difficulty because of this.

Contemporary issues in heritage and environmental interpretation : problems and prospects

Abstract: This text provides professionals, researchers and trainers with a state-of-the-art summary of the field, illuminated by practical real-world examples of best practice.

One Field, Many Perspectives: Building the Foundations for Dialogue

Abstract: Highlighted by the dramatic changes that are occurring in the world and the number of problems that are now global in scope, there is an increasing need for dialogue among the subfields and specializations that comprise the field of international studies. But because the questions we raise, the ways we define the prime movers in international politics, and the information we seek often differ, we prefer to interact with those who share our view of the world rather than with those who might challenge it. This article describes some of the effects of the stereotypes that result from this practice and proposes several ways of engaging in focused interaction to address these ingroup-outgroup barriers we have constructed.

Struggles over the definition and practice of the educational doctorate in Australia

Abstract: In his sociological study of the construction of the academic world (1984), Pierre Bourdieu reminds us of the difficulty of studying the field in which one is engaged, and also the necessity of understanding better the conditions under which research, teaching and educational institutions are produced. Bourdieu's work on universities continues his longstanding interest in questions of practice and social theory, and provides important pointers to understanding both the construction of the field and those of us who work within it. This paper ~ takes up in a small way Bourdieu's invitation to investigate the ever-present struggle to produce the university and its practices by focussing on the context for introduction and practice of the Education Doctorate (EdD) in Australia. The development of the EdD has occurred at a time when the field of the university is undergoing considerable pressure to restructure and thus the normative system around which legitimacy and value systems in the field 2 are organised is quite publicly under challenge. Indeed, the introduction from 1991 of professional doctorates, including the EdD, can itself be seen as part of the process of creating change in and for the sector. In the first part of this paper, I explore the ways in which the introduction of professional doctorates illuminates practices by which hierarchy among the different disciplines in the field of the university is established, maintained and interrupted. To understand the potential significance of the introduction of the Education Doctorate in Australian universitiesDand these degrees are the fastest growing area in higher degreesDit is necessary to focus on two distinct 'layers' of analysis: the university field as a whole into which a professional doctorate has been introduced in the 1990s and specifically the practices involving students and staff of professional doctorates engaged research education and training, particularly the EdD. The introduction of professional doctorates in Australia in the 1990s provides an excellent opportunity to examine how new practice within a field becomes necessarily connected to the existing normative processes by which the field is

Crossing boundaries : traditions and transformations in law and society research

Abstract: Perhaps no idea is more emblematic of the field of law and society than crossing boundaries. From the founding of the Law and Society Association in the early 1960s, participating scholars aspired to create a field that crossed boundaries in at least two senses: by undertaking research that questioned and often bridged traditional methodological and disciplinary divisions, and by using nontraditional approaches to explore the interconnections between law and its social context. These essays reflect both aspirations.