Showing papers on "Gas compressor published in 1974"

Variable capacity wobble plate compressor

Abstract: A controlled, variable displacement, wobble plate compressor includes a pivotable wobble plate driven through an improved drive and support linkage including a universal joint and having its pivot point offset from the axis of the drive shaft so that at the "no stroke" position the pistons are all disposed at their top-dead-center positions. The capacity of the compressor is controlled by an improved system for varying the position of the wobble plate.

Integrated thermal anti-icing and environmental control system

Abstract: An integrated thermal anti-icing and environmental control system for a gas turbine powered aircraft uses hot high pressure bleed air from the turbine compressor to de-ice the wings and the engine air inlet, and supplies conditioned air for the aircraft cabin. In order to minimize total bleed air requirements and maximize heat recovery, bleed air exhausted from the inlet anti-icing system is passed sequentially through other systems. In this invention, the usual pre-cooler unit and the associated heat sink are eliminated and the pre-cooling function is performed within the inlet anti-icing system, preferably through the use of a double skin heat exchanger contained within the lip of the inlet. One embodiment of this system includes a closed-loop liquid anti-icing system for acoustic rings mounted in the inlet wherein the liquid is heated by passing the bleed air through a heat exchanger mounted immediately downstream of the inlet anti-icing system.

Apparatus for starting aircraft engines and for operating auxiliary on-board power generating equipment

Abstract: Two aircraft jet engines are associated respectively with two sub-systems each comprised of a gas turbine for starting one of the engines and driving a set of secondary power generators such as hydraulic pump and electric generator and an air conditioning unit. The two sub-systems are drivingly cross-linked so that either gas turbine can drive both sets. The air conditioning units as well as the gas turbines receive tapped air from the engine compressors, whereby the gas turbines may run with or without combustion. An emergency power pack may be provided, preferably in selective driving connection to one of the sub-systems to provide for the possibility of starting a gas turbine and driving, if necessary, the power generators of that sub-systems or furnishing hydraulic and electric power on a emergency basis when all sub-systems have failed.

Downhole gas compression technique

Abstract: There is disclosed a gas compressor of the jet type positioned downhole in a gas producing well. The inlet of the compressor is exposed to formation fluids comprising natural gas and a liquid, usually water. High pressure natural gas is continuously delivered to a power fluid inlet of the jet compressor. A mixture of the power gas and produced formation fluids are continuously delivered from the high pressure compressor outlet through a production string to the surface at a pressure and volume sufficient to keep the production string unloaded of liquids.

Signal compressors and expanders

Abstract: The invention concerns a dynamic range compressor type encoder or expander type decoder, in which a main signal component in a main path is boosted or bucked by a further signal component derived from a point in the main path by a further path having the characteristics of so restricting the further signal component that the boosting or bucking action is only appreciable below a low level threshold. In the present invention the further signal component is a difference signal formed between a direct signal derived from a point in the main path and a delayed version of either the same signal or of another signal derived from another point in the main path. At the frequency equal to the reciprocal of the delay, and at harmonics of this frequency, the direct and delayed signals cancel. The compressor or expander action, and hence noise reduction action, takes place only at intervening frequencies. The invention enables carrier components or other repetitive components of signals to be excluded from the compressor or expander action (which they would otherwise choke).

Liquid refrigerant injection system for hermetic electric motor driven helical screw compressor

Abstract: An electric motor driven helical screw compressor of the hermetic type forms a closed refrigeration circuit including, downstream of the compressor, and in order, a condenser, a thermal expansion valve and evaporator means. The electric motor housing is hermetically sealed from the screw compressor and ambient, and the screw compressor housing is provided with a liquid refrigerant injection or bleed port opening to a closed screw compressor thread at a pressure intermediate of compressor suction and discharge which determines the pressure within the motor housing. High pressure liquid refrigerant bled from the condenser enters the hermetically sealed motor casing and rises to the level of the peripheral gap between the electric rotor and stator and is maintained at that level by the liquid refrigerant being picked up as result of rotor rotation and splashed against the stator for motor cooling by resultant vaporization. A fluid passage leads from the motor casing at the liquid level, normally defined by the gap position between the stator and rotor, to the bleed port to feed some of the liquid refrigerant to the closed threads for cooling the screw compressor by vaporization thereof during compression depending on the level of liquid refrigerant within the motor housing. Flash vapor resulting from liquid refrigerant subcooling within the system may be additionally fed to the motor casing for additional cooling of the motor windings and returned to the system through the compressor bleed port.

Compressor lubricating oil heater control

Abstract: A control for selectively energizing a heater provided to raise the temperature of lubricating oil of a compressor employed in a refrigeration unit. The control includes a thermostatically operated switch provided to sense a temperature indicative of lubricating oil temperature. The switch connects the heater to a source of electrical energy when the sensed temperature falls below a predetermined value and the compressor is inoperable. When the compressor is operable, the heater is rendered inoperable irrespective of the sensed temperature.

Shaft seals for a screw compressor

Abstract: Dynamic shaft seal system for a screw compressor with water injection comprising a water separator, where pressurized gas from the water separator is supplied around the rotor shafts as a blocking medium.

Gas turbine driven high speed centrifugal compressor unit

Abstract: A high speed centrifugal compressor is closely directly coupled to the power turbine of a two-shaft gas turbine having a gas generator section separate from its power turbine. Through the direct close coupling and centerline mounting of the gas turbine exhaust casing for free and uniform heat expansion, alignment between stationary and rotating parts of the power turbine and compressor is maintained free from mechanical problems. The compressor stage assembly elements are conveniently interfitted together in the vertically split compressor casing by means of compression bolts minimizing fastening means. Bearings and oil seals are fed by an integrated lubrication and sealing oil system utilizing a compact oil distribution manifold assembly incorporating a quick filter change structure. The turbine fuel distribution system includes means permitting ready replacement and maintenance of individual fuel nozzles without disassembly of the entire fuel nozzle system. The gas turbine-compressor finds particularly useful application in areas where high power, compact, relatively maintenance-free units are required, as, for example, on offshore platforms in the natural gas industry.

Undercompression and overcompression free helical screw rotary compressor

Abstract: An axially shiftable slide valve member in a rotary, helical screw compressor carries a port which senses the pressure of the working fluid in the trapped volume just before uncovering of the closed thread to the discharge port and compares that pressure with the line pressure at the discharge port and shifts the slide valve member to balance the pressures and prevent overcompression or undercompression of the compressor. The screw compressor may be provided with two identical but oppositely oriented slide valve members on opposite sides of the intermeshed helical screws with one slide valve member controlling the capacity of the compressor and the other balancing the closed thread pressure at discharge with discharge line pressure. Compressor rotation may be reversed to eliminate the need for a reversing valve where the compressor operates in heat pump or reverse flow defrost refrigeration applications, with the two slide valves trading functions.

Turbofan engine lubrication means

Abstract: A turbofan engine is provided with a compressor and a turbine, all of the bladed stages of the turbine and substantially all of the bladed stages of the compressor being rotor stages. Adjacent rotor stages within the compressor and the turbine are relatively counterrotating. The engine has three independently rotatable shafts connecting respectively three sets of blades stages of the turbine with three sets of bladed stages of the compressor to form three engine spools. A bladed fan occupying an annular duct substantially surrounding the compressor is driven by the intermediate of the three spools and is disposed near the axial center of the compressor. A quarterstage inlet fan, disposed within the duct upstream of the first fan, is driven by the radially innermost shaft.

Gas Compression With the Liquid Jet Pump

Abstract: The isothermal compression of a gas by a liquid jet in a mixing throat followed by secondary compression in a diffuser is described by a one dimensional model including frictional losses. Good theory-experiment agreement is shown; pump efficiencies can exceed 40 percent. Mixing throat and diffuser energy analyses are presented. The isothermal compression mechanism in the throat is related to momentum transfer while the diffuser process consists of a pistonlike compression of entrained gas bubbles by the continuous liquid medium. The efficiency of a liquid-jet gas pump depends primarily on the mixing loss. The mixing loss function, the throat compression ratio and the Mach number are developed as functions of the throat inlet velocity ratio v and the jet pump number n. A zero mixing loss criterion defines the theoretically possible region of pump operation. Design applications are discussed.

Piston Ring Lubrication and Cylinder Bore Wear Analyses, Part II—Theory Verification

Abstract: Based on the analytical method presented in the previous paper (Part I), comparisons of predicted wear curves along the major and minor side-thrust sides of the cylinder bore are made with the measured ones obtained from several truck engines for various vehicle mileages. The agreement was found to be good. This indicates the analytical model developed in Part I is relevant and suitable for predicting the severity of piston-ring bore contact for varying engine operating and lubrication conditions. From this, the necessary parameter changes may be found such that the wear rate of the cylinder bore may be reduced. Wear factor data, however, must be available in order to make quantitative predictions of wear. The model ultimately may be useful also in the design optimization of engine components. Since the method is general, it also can be applied to other reciprocating piston devices, such as gas compressor, Rankine cycle engine, or Stirling engine.

Hermetic rotary helical screw compressor with improved oil management

Abstract: A two part, inner, cylindrical housing concentrically carried within a sealed outer enclosure forms with the outer enclosure, a first sealed chamber and within itself, an upper chamber carrying the electric motor and a lower compressor inlet chamber in a vertical array The compressor discharge gas, including entrained oil, passes through ducts within the motor to cool the motor with the swirling gas and entrained oil discharged against the upper end of the inner cylindrical housing to separate some of the oil from the discharge gas by centrifugal force Axial ducts carried by the stator move the discharge gas downwardly to further cool the motor Discharge gas nozzles fluid connected to the stator ducts discharge the gas and entrained oil against the inner wall of the outer enclosure and the oil drains to the bottom of the enclosure which forms an oil sump

Staged expansion system as employed with an integral turbo-compressor wave engine

Abstract: The Present system provides for expanding high pressure gases from the chambers of a moving rotor and reentering said gases into the chambers of said moving rotor in such a way that the gases in the chambers of said moving rotor have been subjected to more expansions than the gases reentering the chambers and therefore are at a lower pressure than the gases reentering said chambers.

Supercharger system for combustion engine

Abstract: A supercharging system for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine comprises a shaft carrying a gas turbine rotor at one axial end and a centrifugal air compressor rotor at the other axial end. A pair of bearings mounting the shaft for rotation in a housing are adapted to be attached to the vehicle, the housing at one axial end a turbine nozzle ring and a turbine exhaust ring cooperable with the turbine rotor, and having at the other axial end an axially located compressor inlet member and a radially located compressor outlet member cooperable with the compressor rotor. The turbine nozzle ring is adapted to be connected to the exhaust manifold of the engine and the compressor outlet member is adapted to be connected to the intake manifold of the engine thereby supercharging the same. Finally, an electrical generator is integrally incorporated into the housing for generating electrical power when the shaft is rotating, the generator comprising a generator rotor mounted on the shaft between the bearings, and a generator stator mounted in the housing in cooperative relationship with the generator rotor.

Air powered vehicle

Abstract: This invention relates to an air powered vehicle including a chassis and wheels to which is connected an airpowered, reciprocating piston engine having intake and exhaust systems. A suspension type compressor is operatively connected between a wheel and the chassis whereby vertical movement of the wheel due to unevenness of the road or bumps provided on the wheel causes the compressor to operate and provide compressed air. This compressor is provided with inlet and exhaust ports connected, respectively, to a reservoir, whereby operation of the compressor pumps air to the reservoir for operation of the engine.

Refrigerant expander compressor

Abstract: An expander compressor unit for a vapor compression refrigeration system is disclosed. The unit has a rotor which is provided with radial passageways terminating in tangentially oriented nozzles for expanding the high-pressure fluid and utilizing the kinetic energy of the expanding fluid to propel the rotor. The rotor is in driving engagement with a compressor which serves to compress fluid in the cycle. By this means the expander compressor unit substantially improves the efficiency of the cycle through efficient expansion of the refrigerant prior to evaporization and through reduction of the net work input into the system.

Solar heat pump

Abstract: A heating and cooling system which uses heat derived from solar collectors to operate a heat engine which provides operating power to drive a heat pump/air conditioning system and including capability to operate either partly or wholly on supplementary energy sources such as an oil or gas furnace or electric power, and employing positive displacement heat engine and compressor units.

System for reforming engine fuel into hydrogen gas-containing mixture by catalytic reaction

Abstract: The system fundamentarily consists of a means to prepare a substantially gaseous mixture of a fuel, e.g., hydrocarbons, oxygen and water, a heated catalyst chamber and a reciprocating compressor. The compressor is arranged and valve-controlled such that the fuel mixture is pressurized before the feeding into the catalyst chamber and the heated and pressurized H2 -containing mixture is drawn into and expanded in the working chamber of the compressor before the feeding into an engine. The means to prepare the starting fuel mixture may include a sub-system for producing oxygen and water from hydrogen peroxide.

Brayton cycle system with refrigerated intake and condensed water injection

Abstract: In an open Brayton cycle including a compressor, combustion chamber, and an expander, the suction air for the compressor is refrigerated to a temperature at which water vapor in the air condenses. This water is introduced into the compressed air from the Brayton cycle air compressor, vaporized in a recuperator by heat exchange with Brayton cycle expander exhaust before introducing the compressed air into the Brayton cycle combustion chamber. The condensation of the water is in the presence of an aqueous solution of a freezing point depressant or vapor pressure depressant so that the condensed water remains in liquid form.

Adjustable Speed AC Drive Systems for Pump and Compressor Applications

Abstract: The paper covers the application and performance of a cycloconverter type frequency converter and a doubly fed wound rotor ac motor as applicable to adjustable speed drive systems for pump and compressor loads. The paper covers the subject by discussion of the following: 1) basic theory and operation of a cycloconverter and a doubly fed wound rotor motor; 2) motor and converter ratings to meet the performance requirements of typical pump and compressor applications; 3) control schemes for starting, running, and process control; 4) efficiency and power factor; and 5) summation, including advantages of adjustable speed ac drive systems and static frequency conversion equipments.

Control apparatus for two-speed compressor

Abstract: The disclosure describes a refrigerant compressor of the type driven by a motor capable of operating at a low speed and a high speed, the motor including first, second and third stator coils. First, second and third temperature sensors are located adjacent the first, second and third stator coils, respectively, for detecting any change in temperature of the coils. If the temperature of any of the stator coils exceeds a perdetermined value, a control device operates a switch in a pilot circuit that turns off the motor before damage from excessive heat can occur. A unique contactor assembly utilizing both electrical and mechanical interlocks interconnects the stator coils to provide two speed operation.

Constant pressure heating vane rotary engine

Abstract: A new type of engine, which incorporates rotors each equipped with a plurality of vanes and has a volume of a portion necessary for constant pressure heating expansion turned into a volume of an air motor side, is composed by functionally combining vane rotary air compressors and vane rotary air motors. More particularly, there is an engine conception mainly intended for vehicles of solving, without reducing the engine efficiency, problems concerning complete combustion and prevention of nitric oxide production, which have been generally considered it difficult to realize by reciprocating engines.

Control apparatus particularly for a plurality of compressor bleed valves of a gas turbine engine

Abstract: Control apparatus for programmed control of a plurality of gas turbine engine compressor air bleed valves in response to a plurality of control input signals representing engine operating conditions including variable conditions related to engine power output. The control inputs are sensed and/or computed and scheduled to provide accurate and reliable control over a plurality of compressor air bleed valves by means including a hydraulic programmer with a three dimensional compressor rise scheduling cam and adjustable hydraulic timers.

Side channel compressor

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a side channel compressor comprising a housing defining a fluid conveying chamber, the fluid conveying chamber being of a curved configuration, a compressor wheel, means mounting the compressor wheel for rotation about an axis, fluid inlet and fluid outlet ports in fluid communication with the fluid conveying chamber, the compressor wheel having a plurality of blades which during the rotation of the compressor wheel move fluid along the chamber in a direction from the inlet port toward the outlet port, each blade being disposed generally radially relative to the axis of rotation of the compressor wheel, each blade having radially innermost and outermost blade portions with the latter being more remote from the axis than the former, and the innermost and outermost blade portions being inclined relative to the compressor wheel axis and inclined in the direction of fluid flow along the chamber with the angle of the innermost blade portions to a plane normal to the axis being greater than the angle of the outermost blade portions to a like plane normal to the axis whereby optimum flow conditions of fluid through the chamber is achieved.

Control apparatus for two-speed single phase compressor

Abstract: The disclosure describes a refrigerant compressor of the type driven by a single phase motor capable of operating at a low speed and a high speed, the motor including a run winding, a 2-pole start winding and a 4-pole start winding. First and second temperature sensors are located adjacent the windings for detecting any change in temperature of the windings. A current transformer is used in combination with the temperature sensors to protect the motor windings. If the temperature or current conduction of any of the windings exceeds a predetermined value, a control device operates a switch in a pilot circuit that turns off the motor before damage from excessive heat or current can occur. A unique contactor assembly utilizing both electrical and mechanical interlocks interconnects the windings to provide two speed operation.

Bleed air manifold

Abstract: A circumferential manifold placed around an intermediate stage of the compressor to carry off bleed air for auxiliary purposes is provided with a plurality of check valves which allow the air to pass from the high pressure compartment of the compressor to the low pressure compartment of a plenum, but do not allow the air to pass from the plenum back to the manifold. Accordingly, when there is a variation in pressure around the circumferential manifold, as may be caused by distortion at the compressor inlet, the air that is bled off to the low pressure plenum comes principally from the high pressure zone of the compressor and may not re-enter from the manifold on the low pressure side thereof. The fluid flow of air from one side of the manifold to the other side thereof is thus prevented, so as to limit the distortion of the normal flow pattern which would otherwise occur in the compressor.

Surge control system

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for protecting axial and centrifugal compressors from surge. The torque and speed are continuously monitored by a non-contacting sensor system including three equi-spaced gears, two of which are mounted on a reference sleeve which is mounted on the shaft of the compressor at a position spaced from the third gear. Relative movement of the three gears is monitored by sensors which through appropriate circuitry produce signals directly related to shaft horsepower and to speed. Comparison with a reference signal indicates whether the compressor is approaching surge conditions and if so, anti-surge measures such as the opening of bleed valves are taken.