Showing papers on "Genus published in 1971"

Numerical classification of the tribe Klebsielleae.

Abstract: SUMMARY: A numerical classification study was carried out on 177 strains of Klebsiella and related groups. Three methods of numerical classification were used: median sorting, single linkage cluster analysis and minimum spanning tree. All three contributed to the final decision on the taxa, but yielded substantially the same results. Of the three, the median sorting, if used alone, would have provided the most information. The validity of the genus Klebsiella was confirmed but the inclusion of the three recognized species of Enterobacter in one genus was not confirmed. The genus Klebsiella was divided into six taxa, one of which is proposed as K. mobilis synon. Enterobacter aerogenes. E. cloacae occupied a rank similar to that of the genus Klebsiella, while E. liquefaciens was most closely related to the genus Serratia and it is proposed to include it as S. liquefaciens. Enterobacter ‘pigmentes’ was found to be closely related to Chromobacterium typhiflavum.

Phenotypic Characterization and Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homologies of Pseudomonas solanacearum

Abstract: Twenty-six strains and colony variants of Pseudomonas solanacearum belonging to four described biotypes were characterized, by using 169 phenotypic characters previously found useful in distinguishing among strains of other Pseudomonas species. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization (intra- and interspecific DNA-DNA hybridizations) was performed by using the in vitro “DNA competition” technique. P. solanacearum appears to be a moderately homogeneous species, which is, at most, only remotely related to all other species of the genus studied to date. The four biotypes are not clearly distinct from one another with respect to nutritional characters or DNA homologies. Discrepancies between acid production and growth with some carbohydrates were noted. Difficulties were encountered in certain DNA competition experiments and some problems of the methodology are discussed.

New cleistothecial Sordariaceae and a new family, Coniochaetaceae

Abstract: The family Sordariaceae is briefly defined and a list of cleistothecial genera given. Two species of Anixiella Saito & Minoura ex Cain, A. endodonta sp. nov., and A. monospora sp. nov. are described and a key to the four species of the genus included. Apodus deciduus gen. et sp. nov. is described. Two new combinations in Echinopodospora Robison, E. spinosa (Cailleux) Malloch & Cain and E. verruculosa (Cailleux) Malloch & Cain, are proposed to accept transfers from Tripterospora Cain and are followed by a key to species of Echinopodospora. The concept of Zopfiella Winter is broadened to include Z. pleuropora sp. nov. and three new combinations, Z. inermis (Cailleux) Malloch & Cain, Z. latipes (Lundqvist) Malloch & Cain, and Z. leucotricha (Speg.) Malloch & Cain, transferred from Tripterospora. A key to the six species of Zopfiella is presented. The new family Coniochaetaceae is proposed to accommodate the new genus Coniochaetidium and Coniochaeta (Sacc.) Massee. Two species of Coniochaetidium are described...

Mode of pollination and floral sexuality in thalictrum.

Abstract: Since Sprengel's (1793) classic investigation of pollination mechanisms, much work has been done on plant breeding systems and the evolution of floral habitat. An early review of floral structure and its relationship to several pollinators was given by Knuth (1906). Recently, much of the work has focused on particular floral adaptations for pollination by different animal agents (Van der Pijl, 1960, 1961) and other evolutionary effects which have been produced in various floral groups (Baker and Hurd, 1968; Leppik, 1968). Most of the work in plant breeding systems has been concerned with the evolution of their different morphological and physiological characteristics (Lewis, 1941; Lewis and Crowe, 1956; Crowe, 1964), isolating mechanisms in insect pollination (Grant, 1949), and the consequences of and causative factors involved in inbreeding and outbreeding (Fryxell, 1957; Heslop-Harrison, 1964). Several authors (Altenburg, 1934; Stebbins, 1951; Leppik, 1964; Baker and Hurd, 1968) have noted the existence of a correlation between diclinous flowers and wind pollination. However, the causal factors of such a correlation are still undetermined. An understanding of the genus Thalictrum, because it has species of various sexual types, some of which are reported to be anemophilous, some entomophilous, and some both (Clapham et al., 1962; Kerner and Oliver, 1902), should shed light on this subject. This prompted the present study which consists of two parts: the first a study of pollination systems and pollen grains of local species, and the second a

Taxonomic Studies on a Radio-resistant Pseudomonas

Abstract: A radio-resistant Pseudomonas has been isolated from samples of normal unpolished and commercial rice grains. This species could be classified in chromogenic group of genus Pseudomonas. It’s taxonomic characteristics were found to be sufficiently different from all the described species in this genus to warrant it’s description as a new species and was named as Pseudomonas radiora nov. sp.The radio-resistance of this species was 10 to 40 times higher than that of ordinary species in the genus Pseudomonas such as Ps. fluorescens. The dose at D10 value of the strain No. O-l was ca. 0.14 Mrad, which is similar to that of the Micrococcus radiodurans, and that of the strain No. RP-C was ca. 0.06 Mrad in m/15 phosphate buffer.

Review of Fossil Penguins from Seymour Island

Abstract: Two collections of fossil penguins have been made from Seymour Island, off the north-eastern end of the Antarctic Peninsula, one by a Swedish expedition in 1901-1903 and the other by a British expedition in 1946. The age has usually been considered early Miocene but is probably earlier, late Eocene now seeming most likely but still uncertain. Wiman in 1905 based six then new generic and specific names on the Swedish collection. Anthropornis nordenskjoeldii and Delphinornis larsenii are considered valid. Pachypteryx grandis is a valid species but is transferred to Anthropornis. Eosphaeniscus gunnari is a valid species transferred to Palaeeudyptes, a genus otherwise known from New Zealand and Australia. Orthopteryx gigas and Ichtyopteryx gracilis are considered essentially indeterminate, as are two groups of bones not named by Wiman. Marples named genus and species Notodyptes wimani from the British collection. The species is accepted but transferred to the New Zealand genus Archaeospheniscus. Wimanornis seymourensis, new genus and species, is based on a British specimen. This penguin fauna is essentially similar to the early (late Eocene and early Oligocene) faunas known from New Zealand. In the probable absence of species in common, geographic proximity is not indicated. The ecological similarity and some indirect evidence suggest that despite the presence of relative gigantism these penguins lived in considerably warmer waters than those of the present Antarctic coast.

Studies on Talaromyces and related genera I. Hamigera gen. nov. and Byssochlamys

Abstract: The genus Talaromyces Benjamin, being a heterogeneous genus is divided into two genera: Talaromyces, based on T. vermiculatus, characterized by asci developing in chains and Hamigera gen. nov., based on T. avellaneus, characterized by asci formed singly from croziers. Talaromyces striatus is also included in Hamigera. Descriptions and drawings are presented of the two species of Hamigera and the three species of the closely related genus Byssochlamys. A new series of Penicillium, the P. avellaneum series, is erected to accomodate P. avellaneum and P. ingelheimense.

Morphology And Taxonomy of the Audouinella Complex (Rhodophyta) in Southern Australia

Abstract: The morphology and taxonomy of the southern Australian representatives of what has been frequentiy referred to as the "Acrochaetium-Rhodochorton" complex of the Rhodophyta have been studied. The type species of both Acrochaetium and Rhodochorton are placed in the genus Audouinella and the group is now referred to as the Audouinella complex. Two genera are recognized in this region: Audouinella (syn. Acrochaetium, Balbiania, Chromastrum, Grania, Rhodochorton), known to reproduce sexually, contains 12 southern Australian species (including A. blumii sp. nov.) and is referred to the Audouinellaceae nom. nov. Colaconema, treated here as a genus comparable with form genera of the Fungi Imperfecti, contains 14 southern Australian form species, all unknown in the sexual state. The generic classification proposals of Feldmann (1962), Kylin (1956), and Papenfuss (1945, 1947) are not supported by this study. Few morphological features of audouinelloid algae are of general systematic value, but pyrenoid numbers, sporangial dimensions, and cell dimensions appear to be the most reliable criteria for systematic purposes. Other features (e.g. fonn of the prostrate system, chromoplast shape, occurrence and position of hairs, spennatangial morphology, and immediate post-fertilization development) show too much variation to be used reliably in species and!or generic separation. Infonnation on the tropical Australian species is briefly summarized.

The genus caluanassa (crustacea, decapoda, thalassinidea) in south florida, with keys to the western atlantic species^

Abstract: Ten species of the decapod crustacean genus Callianassa have been collected in south Florida. Of that number, Callianassa branneri (Rathbun) and C. acanthochirus (Stimpson) had been reported previously from the area, but C. marginata Rathbun, C. latispina Dawson, C. longiventris A. Milne-Edwards, C. rathbunae Schmitt, and C. guassutinga Rodrigues had not. In addition, three new species, C trilobata, C. fragilis, and C. quadracuta, were discovered and reported earlier (Biffar, 1970). All species are described and illustrated. The accounts include complete synonymies, numerous new records for both south Florida and other areas of the western Atlantic, color notes, remarks on the ecology of the species, and a discussion of the intraspecific variation and interspecific affinities. The literature dealing with all western Atlantic species has been re­ viewed, and measurements and terminology used in the descriptions have been defined. Two keys have been provided to make possible identification of most western Atlantic species of Callianassa. The first key is based solely on large chelipeds, and the second utilizes characteristics from the remainder of the animal. These keys include 19 species. Insufficient in­ formation exists to permit inclusion of C. occidentalis Bate and C. grandimana Gibbes in either key, but the latter species is discussed in detail. Callianassa siguanensis (Boone) is synonymized with C branneri.

Revision of Meliosma (Sabiaceae), section Lorenzanea excepted, living and fossil, geography and phylogeny

Abstract: Up to the present Meliosma was subdivided into two sections, Simplices and Pinnatae. These taxa are shown to be artificial, and a new, less simple but more natural infrageneric subdivision is made, viz. into the subgenera Kingsboroughia and Meliosma, subdivided into the sections Hendersonia and Kingsboroughia, and Meliosma and Lorenzanea respectively. The old sections Simplices and Pinnatae have been reduced to subsections of sect. Meliosma. This new system is primarily based upon endocarp characters which were as yet unknown; it has appeared that the morphology of the endocarp shows very important features. In subg. Kingsboroughia the vascular bundle connecting pedicel and seed is situated outside the endocarp wall, which is considered the most primitive situation, whereas in subg. Meliosma it is enclosed within the endocarp. The endocarp types of the four sections, in the sequence mentioned above, show an increasing degree of specialization, i.e. an increasing degree of enclosure of the vascular bundle by the endocarp wall; the most primitive type is found in the Malesian sect. Hendersonia, and the most specialized one in the American sect. Lorenzanea. The latter does not occur outside the New World, whereas the other three sections are SE. Asian, sect. Kitigsboroughia and sect. Meliosma subsect. Simplices centering in SW. Central China, N. Upper Burma and Tonkin, and sect. Hendersonia and sect. Meliosma subsect. Pinnatae centering in N. Sumatra, Malaya, and N. Borneo; these areas are shown to be probable, primary centres of origin of the species of these groups. Subg. Kingsboroughia and sect. Meliosma have thus bicentric areas, which are considered homologous, hence suggesting a similar distributional history of the taxa involved. Similar bicentric areas are also found in some other, unrelated genera, and may be not uncommon. Subg. Meliosma is a common, widespread, diversified taxon, in contrast to subg. Kingsboroughia which has only three uniform species covering small and disjunct areas. It is demonstrated that subg. Kingsboroughia is a relict group, which was much more widespread in former geologic periods than it is at present. This is supported among other things by the transpacific disjunct distribution of M. alba which at present only occurs in SW. Central China and in S. Mexico (formerly known as two separate species which were never compared). The history of the distribution of Meliosma during the Tertiary period can be partly reconstructed with the help of fossil records of this genus, more than 40 of which have been evaluated, mostly on the basis of paleobotanical literature. It appears that most of these records, including endocarps and leaf-imprints, are reliable, especially those of endocarps. With the help of these it can be established that the four sections and the two subsections of Meliosma were already recognizable as early as the Lower Eocene. From that time on their distributional history can be more or less traced up to the present. It is very probable that during the warm Eocene sect. Meliosma entered America via Beringia (the reverse possibly holds for sect. Lorenzanea), whereas it is certain that sect. Kingsboroughia did so at a later phase of the Tertiary, when the climate was cooler and a forest of warm-temperate ecology covered a wide zone in the northern hemisphere. The Pleistocene glaciations destroyed most of this vegetation and consequently the area of sect. Kingsboroughia was reduced to a few small relict stations, of which the localities of the above-mentioned disjunct M. alba are the most remarkable ones. The taxonomic revision proper deals only with the SE. Asian sections of Meliosma; the American sect. Lorenzanea has been excluded. Up to the present the number of Asian species of Meliosma was estimated to be nearly 100, the number of names even being twice as much. Of these species only 15 are recognized here, and no new species have been described. A number of these are widely distributed, complex species, which can be subdivided into several subspecies. It appears that in all species these subspecies are isolated from each other, either geographically, or ecologically (by altitude or habitat). One special case of ecological isolation has been found, viz. between two different-sized subspecies flowering respectively in the undergrowth and in the upper tree storey of lowland tropical rain forest. Finally, evidence has been found that Meliosma is a self-pollinator, which would favour the origin and perpetuation of local races, and hence would account for the richness of forms in Meliosma species.

The supernumerary segment system of Stethophyma. II. Heterochromatin polymorphism and chiasma variation.

Abstract: Three species of the genus Stethophyma have been cytologically examined and all three show variation both for supernumerary heterochromatic segments and for the distribution of standard heterochromatin among the autosomes. The European species, S. grossum, for example, shows considerable interpopulation variation for standard heterochromatin while two of the populations, from Spain and Austria, show supernumerary segment polymorphism. The segments are located interstitially on the S11 chromosome but occupy different positions in the different populations. — In all species, the presence of the extra heterochromatic segments increases the mean chiasma frequency. Moreover, the influence of the segments upon mean chiasma frequency is different in different populations and in different species. In the Spanish population, the increase is both intra- and interchromosomal whereas in Austria the influence of the segment is completely interchromosomal. — In the American species, S. gracile and S. lineatum, where supernumerary heterochromatic segments are carried on both S10 and S11 chromosomes, the effect on chiasma frequency shows a dosage relationship, an increase in the number of segments per individual being correlated with an increase in mean chiasma frequency. It is suggested that the interstitial segments found in all species have originated by direct duplication of chromosome material. By contrast the terminal segments in S. lineatum and S. gracile may be derived by translocation from a B-chromosome since such a chromosome has been found in one individual of the former species. — The variation in segment structure and the distribution of standard heterochromatin, among the European species of S. grossum suggests that these systems have evolved independently in different populations.

Comparison of the Pectoral and Pelvic Skeletons and of some other Bones and their Phylogenetic Implications in the Aulorhynchidae and Gasterosteidae (Pisces)

Abstract: Study of the pectoral and pelvic skeletons and some other bones in recognized species of the seven genera comprising the related families Aulorhynchidae (tubesnouts) and Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks) showed that the two families differ in several respects, with no one living species appearing to be intermediate. The genera Aulorhynchus, Aulichthys, Spinachia, Apeltes, and Gasterosteus each have distinctive characteristics not found in any other genus of the two families. Gasterosteus wheatlandi is the only species of the two families that lacks both the posttemporal and the supracleithrum. The interrelations of the genera form a mosaic pattern and there is no acceptable basis in the characters examined for postulating a phylogeny within the Gasterosteidae or for selecting a living species as being a primitive form or the most closely allied to the Aulorhynchidae.

Taxonomic Studies on a Radio-resistant Pseudomonas :Part XII. Studies on the Microorganisms of Cereal Grain

Abstract: A radio-resistant Pseudomonas has been isolated from samples of normal unpolished and commercial rice grains. This species could be classified in chromogenic group of genus Pseudomonas. It’s taxonomic characteristics were found to be sufficiently different from all the described species in this genus to warrant it’s description as a new species and was named as Pseudomonas radiora nov. sp.The radio-resistance of this species was 10 to 40 times higher than that of ordinary species in the genus Pseudomonas such as Ps. fluorescens. The dose at D10 value of the strain No. O-l was ca. 0.14 Mrad, which is similar to that of the Micrococcus radiodurans, and that of the strain No. RP-C was ca. 0.06 Mrad in m/15 phosphate buffer.

Butterflies of the genus Vanessa and of the resurrected genera Bassaris and Cynthia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract: Field, William D. Butterflies of the Genus Vanessa and of the Resurrected Genera Bassaris and Cynthia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 84, 105 pages, 1971.—The genus Cynthia with nine species (including C. annabella, new species) and the genus Bassaris with two species are recognized as separate from the genus Vanessa, with five species remaining. All taxa are keyed and redefined with characters, including the male and female genitalia, tarsi, and wing habitus. Knowledge of the distribution and biology of most species is extensive and is given herein (for distribution) or cited (known food plants are listed and references to the literature of the biology are given). Unusual modified setae on the ovipositors are described for five Cynthia species. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1971 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $1.50 (paper cover) William D. Field Butterflies of the Genus Vanessa and of the Resurrected Genera Bassaris and Cynthia

Levinea, a New Genus of the Family Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract: A new genus of the family Enterobacteriaceae is proposed on the basis of its unique biochemical and serological properties. The genus, Levinea (named in honor of Max Levine), is composed of two different species, for which the names Levinea amalonatica and Levinea malonatica are proposed. L. amalonatica is designated as the type species. The type strain of L. amalonatica is 9823 (=ATCC 25405) and the type strain of L. malonatica is 1791 (=ATCC 25408). Information is given which distinguishes the proposed new genus from certain species of Enterobacter and Citrobacter, the genera which it most closely resembles. The similarity of L. amalonatica to organisms in the proposed new genus Padlewskia Macierewicz (9) is discussed.

Les Cricetidae (Mammalia, Rodentia) du Néogène Moyen de Vieux-Collonges. Partie 1 : le genre Cricetodon Lartet, 1851 = Middle Neogene Cricetidae of Vieux-Collonges. Part 1 : The genus Cricetodon

Abstract: In this first part of a revision of the Cricetidae from Vieux-Collonges (Rhone, France) the genus Cricetodon is dealt with. This genus is represented by three species, C. meini Freudenthal, 1963, C. aureus n. sp. and a third one which is not named, because it is based on one specimen only. Each of these species represents a separate evolutionary lineage.