Showing papers on "Globalization published in 1994"

Limits of Citizenship: Migrants and Postnational Membership in Europe

Abstract: In many Western countries, rights that once belonged solely to citizens are being extended to immigrants, a trend that challenges the nature and basis of citizenship at a time when nation-states are fortifying their boundaries through restirictive border controls and expressions of nationalist ideologies. In this book, Yasemin Soysal compares the different ways European nations incorporate immigrants, how these policies evolved, and how they are influenced by international human rights discourse. Soysal focuses on postwar international migration, paying particular attention to "guestworkers." Taking an in-depth look at France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom, she identifies three major patterns that reflect the varying emphasis particular states place on individual versus corporate groups as the basis for incorporation. She finds that the global expansion and intensification of human rights discourse puts nation-states under increasing outside pressure to extend membership rights to aliens, resulting in an increasingly blurred line between citizen and noncitizen. Finally, she suggests a possible accommodation to these shifts: specifically, a model of post-national membership that derives its legitimacy from universal personhood, rather than national belonging. This fresh approach to the study of citizenship, rights, and immigration will be invaluable to anyone involved in issues of human rights, international migration, and transnational cultural interactions, as well as to those who study the contemporary transformation of the nation-state, nationalism, and globalization.

Competitiveness: A Dangerous Obsession

Abstract: IN J U N E 1993, Jacques Delors made a special presentation to the leaders of the nations of the European Community, meeting in Copenhagen, on the growing problem of European unemployment. Economists who study the European situation were curious to see what Delors, president of the EC Commission, would say. Most of them share more or less the same diagnosis of the European problem: the taxes and regulations imposed by Europe's elaborate welfare states have made employers reluctant to create new jobs, while the relatively generous level of unemployment benefits has made workers unwilling to accept the kinds of low-wage jobs that help keep unemployment comparatively low in the United States. The monetary difficulties associated with preserving the European Monetary System in the face of the costs of German reunification have reinforced this structural problem. It is a persuasive diagnosis, but a politically explosive one, and everyone wanted to see how Delors would handle it. Would he dare tell European leaders that their efforts to pursue economic justice have produced unemployment as an unintended by-product? Would he admit that the EMS could be sustained only at the cost of a recession and face the implications of that admission for European monetary union?

Cultural identity and global process

Abstract: Towards a Global Anthropology General Historical and Culturally Specific Properties of Global Systems Civilizational Cycles and the History of Primitivism The Emergence of the Culture Concept in Anthropology Culture, Identity and World Process Culture Logics of the Global System Globalization and Localization History and the Politics of Identity The Political Economy of Elegance Narcissim, Roots and Postmodernity Global System, Globalization and the Parameters of Modernity Order and Disorder in Global Systems

Globalization, institutions, and regional development in Europe

Abstract: Preface and Introduction Living in the Global The Local Embeddedness of Transnational Corporations Global Agro-Food Complexes and the Refashioning of Rural Europe The Uneven Landscapes of Innovation Poles: Local Embeddedness and Global Networks Growth Regions Under Duress: Renewal Strategies in Baden Wurttemberg and Emilia-Romagna Flexible Districts, Flexible Regions? The Institutional and Cultural Limits to Districts in an Era of Technological Paradigm Shifts Regulating Labour: The Social Regulation and Reproduciton of Local Labour Markets The Disembedded Regional Economy: The Transformation of East German Industrial Complexes into Western Enclaves Institutional Change, Cultural Transformation, and Economic Regeneration: Myths and Realities from Europe's Old Industrial Areas Local and Regional Broadcasting in the New Media Order Global-Local Social Conflicts: Examples from Southern Europe Holding Down the Global

Global Dreams: Imperial Corporations and the New World Order

Abstract: From Richard J. Barnet, coauthor of the groundbreaking bestseller Global Reach, and John Cavanagh comes an authoritative portrait of global corporations as they have evolved over the last twenty years - replacing national power; controlling the flow of money, goods, and information across the world; and dominating the fate of the world's economy and people. On the threshold of a new century, the world is shrinking fast, but it is not coming together. Global Dreams explores the many different ways in which the global economy shapes our lives, changing politics, work, and families in the United States and throughout the world, including: How the integrated global production system is creating a job crisis that affects every American; how a few corporations, thanks to their control of earth-spanning technologies, control a global commercial culture that can penetrate any village or neighborhood; how the clash of global commercial culture and traditional societies is unleashing fundamentalist backlash and political conflict; how great corporations have become less and less accountable to public authorities everywhere, and what this means for the environment job opportunities, and our economic future; how "globalization, " the business buzzword of the decade, is creating not a global village but a divided planet in the grip of global gridlock. With major profiles of five of these corporations based on hundreds of interviews on four continents, Richard J. Barnet and John Cavanagh reveal how a few hundred companies with worldwide connections dominate the four intersecting webs of global commercial activity that make up the new world economy. In the Global Cultural Bazaar the focus is on Sonyand Bertelsmann as they compete with Philips, Time Warner, Matsushita, Disney, and the other giants in the global market for education and entertainment. In the Global Shopping Mall, the frontrunner is Philip Morris against RJR Nabisco, Nestle, Sara Lee, and H. J. Heinz in the batt

Religion and Globalization

Abstract: Introduction Religion in Global Society PART ONE: THEORY AND CONCEPTS Four Approaches to Globalization Socio-cultural Particularism in a Global Society Systemic Religion in Global Society Religion and Social Movements in Global Society PART TWO: CASE STUDIES: Religion in Global Society: Five Contemporary Cases The New Christian Right in the United States The Liberation Theological Movement in Latin America The Islamic Revolution in Iran Religious Zionism in Israel Religious Environmentalism Conclusion

Total global strategy : managing for worldwide competitive advantage

Abstract: Understanding global strategy diagnosing industry globalization potential building global market participation designing global products and services locating global activities creating global marketing making global competitive moves building the global organization measuring industry drivers and strategy levers conducting a global strategy analysis. Appendix: worksheets for evaluating core strategy.

International Supplier Selection

Abstract: In an era of global sourcing, the multinational firm′s success often hinges on the most appropriate selection of its foreign suppliers. International supplier selection, however, is very complicated and risky owing to a variety of uncontrollable and unpredictable factors affecting the decision. These factors may include political situations, tariff barriers, cultural and communication barriers, trade regulations and agreements, currency exchange rates, cultural differences, ethical standards, quality standards and so forth. Nevertheless, a vast majority of the purchasing literature still focuses on the domestic aspects and neglects international supplier selection research. Proposes multiple attribute utility theory which can help purchasing professionals to formulate viable sourcing strategies in the changing world marketplace.

Exploiting globalization potential: U.S. and japanese strategies

Abstract: This paper develops a model of global strategy that includes the constructs of industry globalization potential, the use of global strategy, the role of organization and management and the performance consequences of using global strategy. Propositions are developed as to why American and Japanese MNCs might differ in their perceptions of industry globalization potential, in their desired global strategy response, in their organizationally-derived ability to implement global strategy and in their resulting performance. The model and arguments are examined in extensive interviews with senior executives at 36 worldwide businesses belonging to some of the largest American and Japanese MNCs. Data are analyzed using a partial least squares causal model. The results show that the Japanese firms have more globalized stategies than do the Americans, and that this factor affects their performance favorably.

Governing the Global Economy: International Finance and the State

Abstract: This text examines the actions that governments have taken to cope with the economic and political consequences associated with the globalization of international finance. Topics covered include the Third World debt crisis and the collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International, BCCI.

Orientalism, postmodernism, and globalism

Abstract: It is often thought that the development of capitalism and the modernization of culture have brought about a profound decline of religious belief and commitment. The history of Christianity in the last two decades appears to be a good illustration of this general process of secularization with the undermining of belief and commitment as Western cultures became industrial and urban. However, in the twentieth century we have seen that Islam continues to be a dominant force in politics and culture not only in the Orient but in Western society. In this challenging study of contemporary social theory, Bryan Turner examines the recent debate about orientalism in relation to postmodernism and the process of globalization. He provides a profound critique of many of the leading fissures in classical orientalism. His book also considers the impact of the notion of the world in sociological theory. These cultural changes and social debates also reflect important change in the status and position of intellecuals in modern culture who are threatened, not only by the levelling of mass culture, but also by the new opportunities posed by postmodernism. He takes a critical view of the role of sociology in these developments and raises important questions about the global role of English intellectuals as a social stratum. Bryan Turner's ability to combine these discussions about religion, politics, culture and intellectuals represents a remarkable integration of cultural analysis in cultural studies.

The global restructuring of agro-food systems.

Abstract: Contemporary geographic, political, and economic power relations, which are partly institutionalized through the WTO, involve the globalization of relationships between food production and consumption. The political decision to take international market prices as the yardstick, even though those prices are lowered by export subsidies from some countries, and the political choice of economic liberalization together lead to a major recombination of agricultural productions around the world and to a new dominant way of thinking about food security, food dependency for numerous poor countries, the destruction of peasant farming, and the enhancement of the power of multinational agribusiness.

Trade, Wages and Revolving Door Ideas

Abstract: Recent discussions of the effects of globalization and technological change on U.S. wages have suffered from inappropriate or missing references to the basic international trade theorems: The Factor Price Equalization Theorem, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and the Samuelson Duality Theorem. Until the theory is better understood, and until the theory and the estimates are sensibly linked, the jury should remain out. This paper gives examples of the misuse of the international micro theory linking technological change and globalization to the internal labor market. This international micro theory serves as a foundation for a reexamination of the NBER Trade and Immigration Data Base that describes output, employment and investment in 450 4-digit SIC U.S. manufacturing sectors beginning in 1970. Estimates of the impact of technological change on income inequality are shown to vary widely depending on the form of the model and the choice of data subsets, but uniformly the estimates suggest that technological change reduced income inequality not increased it. But the data separation of workers into 'production' and 'non-production' workers has little association with skill levels, and these data probably cannot be used to study income inequality.

The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism

Abstract: The article reviews the book “The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st-Century Capitalism,” by Robert B. Reich.

Introducing Cultural Studies

Abstract: Introducing Cultural Studies provides an incisive tour through the minefield of this complex subject, charting its origins in Britain and its migration to the USA, Canada, France, Australia and South Asia, examining the ideas of its leading exponents and providing a flavour of its use around the world Covering the ground from Gramsci to Raymond Williams, postcolonial discourse to the politics of diaspora, feminism to queer theory, technoculture and the media to globalization, it serves as an insightful guide to the essential concepts of this fascinating area of study It is essential reading for all those concerned with the quickening pulse of old, new and emerging cultures

Culture in a Liquid Modern World

Abstract: 1 Some notes on the historical peregrinations of the concept of 'Culture' 1 2 On fashion, liquid identity and utopia for today some cultural tendencies in the twenty-first century 18 3 Culture from nation-building to globalization 32 4 Culture in a world of diasporas 51 5 Culture in a uniting Europe 71 6 Culture between state and market 96 Notes 118

Global marketing strategy

Abstract: The trend toward globalization phases in the evolution of global marketing strategy information for international marketing decisions first steps to globalization defining global competitive advantage market selection decisions - timing and sequencing of entry modes of entry into global markets establishing local market expansion objectives product positioning and segmentation tailoring programmes to local markets implementing market expansion strategies global rationalization charting direction in global markets developing global competitive strategy developing the corporate infrastructure for global implementation the global imperative.

Global Business Today

Abstract: Part One Globalization Chapter 1 Globalization Part Two Country Differences Chapter 2 National Differences in Political Economy Chapter 3 National Differences in Culture Chapter 4 Ethics in International Business Part Three Cross-Border Trade and Investment Chapter 5 International Trade Theory Appendix A: International Trade and the Balance of Payments Chapter 6 The Political Economy of International Trade Chapter 7 Foreign Direct Investment Chapter 8 Regional Economic Integration Part Four Global Money System Chapter 9 The Foreign Exchange Market Chapter 10 The International Monetary System Part Five Competing in a Global Marketplace Chapter 11 The Strategy of International Business Chapter 12 Entering Foreign Markets Chapter 13 Exporting, Importing, and Countertrade Chapter 14 Global Production, Outsourcing, and Logistics Chapter 15 Global Marketing and R & D Chapter 16 Global Human Resource Management

Trade, Wages and Revolving Door Ideas

Abstract: Recent discussions of the effects of globalization and technological change on U.S. wages have suffered from inappropriate or missing references to the basic international trade theorems: The Factor Price Equalization Theorem, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and the Samuelson Duality Theorem. Until the theory is better understood, and until the theory and the estimates are sensibly linked, the jury should remain out. This paper gives examples of the misuse of the international micro theory linking technological change and globalization to the internal labor market. This international micro theory serves as a foundation for a reexamination of the NBER Trade and Immigration Data Base that describes output, employment and investment in 450 4-digit SIC U.S. manufacturing sectors beginning in 1970. Estimates of the impact of technological change on income inequality are shown to vary widely depending on the form of the model and the choice of data subsets, but uniformly the estimates suggest that technological change reduced income inequality not increased it. But the data separation of workers into 'production' and 'non-production' workers has little association with skill levels, and these data probably cannot be used to study income inequality.

Societal Effect, Organizational Effect and Globalization

Abstract: This paper argues that traditional contrasts between countries as depicted by the societal effect approach, among others, may have been over-emphasized. Diverse evidence suggests that aspects of work organization, government policies and training arrangements have changed substantially over the last decade or so, and multinational companies have been effective in diffusing best practices across borders. One implication is that organizational and globalization effects may complement or even counteract the societal effect. This suggests that some cases, where the presumption has been that societal effects are dominant, may be open to a modified analysis.

Foundations of Financial Markets and Institutions

Abstract: Offering a comprehensive exploration of the revolutionary developments occuring in the world's financial markets and institutions, this edition looks at innovation, globalization and deregulation - with a focus on the actual practices of financial institutions, investors and financial instruments.

Global Paradox: The Bigger the World Economy, the More Powerful Its Smallest Players

Abstract: From the Publisher: In two previous blockbuster international best-sellers, John Naisbitt comprehensively identified the major trends that have swept through every sector of our world in the last fifteen years: from the globalization of the economy to the surging impact of technological innovation to the renewed power of culture in our lives. Now we confront a new pulse of change, a Global Paradox that will surely transform our lives:. The larger the system, the smaller and more powerful and important the parts. Countries and companies are deconstructing into vital, smaller and smaller units. Multinational corporations are dramatically changing the way they do business or falling by the wayside. Empires are crumbling while looser economic alliances are on the rise. Nationalist movements in Quebec, Scotland, and throughout the former Soviet Bloc suddenly have a new, unprecedented vitality. In Global Paradox, John Naisbitt builds a powerful instrument of comprehension from this one profound and vital insight about the seemingly chaotic changes that appear to grip our world. The Paradox, as he sees it, is powered by the explosive developments in telecommunications which are the driving forces simultaneously creating the huge global economy and multiplying and empowering its parts. The Global Paradox is funded by the largest and fastest-growing industry in the world - tourism. Tourism is the face-to-face corollary of the communications revolution. Tourism creates infrastructures and can lift Third World economies; tourism incites our interest in other cultures and tribes - gives them validity, makes us want to visit them. The force shaking the foundations of huge economic and political structures is this same tribalism: The more universal we become, the more tribal we act. This tribalism will bring hundreds, perhaps thousands, of new countries into existence and will empower thousands of diverse, tribally affiliated groups. For the Global Paradox, China is the test case. Central econo

Convergence hypothesis revisited (the): globalization but still the century of nations ?

Abstract: The paper distinguishes among three definitions for convergence: economic convergence, analogous systems combining democracy and markets, convergence in institutional forms and "regulation" modes A survey of comparative long-term growth shows that convergence is not a permanent nor universal phenomenon, since it is restricted to a small set of countries, mainly after world war II Similarly, even if the Fordist development mode has diffused after WWII, most institutional forms, and specially the capital labour relations continue to exhibit specific national idiosyncrasies For instance, the decline of unions is not at all universal Thus, the convergence theory is reassessed by a close examination of the possible mechanisms involved : most of them are uncertain and slow to operate Basically, the idea of a "one and unique best way" should be replaced by a variety of punctuated equilibria, which take into account local specificities The present phase of European integration clearly shows that convergence is not at all an automatic and simple process We are still in the epoch of nations UNE REEVALUATION DES THEORIES DE LA CONVERGENCE : GLOBALISATION MAIS TOUJOURS LE TEMPS DES NATIONS ? Robert BOYER

Exploiting globalization potential: u.s.

Abstract: This paper develops a model of global strategy that includes the constructs of industry globalization potential, the use of global strategy, the role of organization and management and the performance consequences of using global strategy. Propositions are developed as to why American and Japanese MNCs might differ in their perceptions of industry globalization potential, in their desired global strategy response, in their organizationallyderived ability to implement global strategy and in their resulting performance. The model and arguments are examined in extensive interviews with senior executives at 36 worldwide businesses belonging to some of the largest American and Japanese MNCs. Data are analyzed using a partial least squares causal model. The results show that the Japanese firms have more globalized stategies than do the Americans, and that this factor affects their performance favorably.