Showing papers on "Globodera rostochiensis published in 2014"
TL;DR: It is likely that climate change, and associated increases in soil temperatures, will result in increased rates and amounts of hatching for both species, leading to increased population levels on susceptible hosts and damage to potato crops.
Abstract: Relationships between soil temperatures and the potato cyst nematode (PCN) life cycle and population multiplication were investigated to understand the risks to potato crops from PCN in relation to increasing soil temperatures associated with climate change, and to support development of the United Kingdom Potato Council`s PCN management model. The initial (hatching) part of the PCN life cycle was examined for both Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida over a range of temperatures, and the responses are then considered in relation to actual soil temperatures during the potato growing season in different sites in the United Kingdom. Hatching was stimulated by potato root diffusate over a temperature range from 5–29oC and was monitored for 5 weeks. The greatest cumulative percentage hatch of second stage juveniles (J2) occurred between 15 and 27oC for G. rostochiensis and 13–25oC for G. pallida. Globodera rostochiensis hatched more quickly and had a delayed hatch at ≥25oC while G. pallida was more efficient at these higher temperatures. From these observations, it is likely that climate change, and associated increases in soil temperatures, will result in increased rates and amounts of hatching for both species, leading to increased population levels on susceptible hosts and damage to potato crops. Currently, regions of the United Kingdom with warm soil temperatures are also expected to have high levels of hatching of PCN, and therefore greater multiplication resulting in greater challenges in the management of these nematodes in infested land.
33 citations
TL;DR: Seventy-nine accessions of cultivated and closely related wild potato species from the VIR collection in Russia were screened on resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 and on the presence of molecular markers for H1 and Gro1-4 resistance genes, and no associations were detected.
Abstract: Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) collected in six localities in the Leningrad region of North West Russia were identified as Globodera rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 and were used for subsequent resistance tests. Seventy-nine accessions of cultivated and closely related wild potato species from the VIR collection in Russia were screened on resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 and on the presence of molecular markers for H1 and Gro1-4 resistance genes. No associations were detected between the resistance level of diploid and tetraploid Andean and tetraploid Chilean potato landraces (indigenous cultivars) and their related wild species and their geographical distribution or presence of PCR-based markers that are associated with the H1 and Gro1-4 genes. At the same time, all susceptible genotypes lacked such markers. New sources of resistance were found and could be used in breeding.
24 citations
TL;DR: Observations show that both species of Globodera develop earlier than was assumed based on previous data, and harvesting based on the accumulated heat above the basal development temperature required by PCN species can replace the set harvest date.
Abstract: Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the most economically important nematode pests of potato. Early harvesting is part of a preventive management approach for very early potato varieties. In Belgium, tubers are harvested before 20 June because it is assumed that no cyst formation occurs by that date. However, this assumption might not be valid any more because of climate change, the availability of new cultivars (with new traits), and the increasing prevalence of Globodera pallida. Therefore, pot, microplot and field trials were conducted to study the life cycle of PCN in early potato-growing conditions. The development of populations of G. pallida on three potato cultivars, Eersteling (susceptible to PCN), Premiere (resistant to G. rostochiensis) and Ambassador (partially resistant to G. pallida) and that of G. rostochiensis on cv. Eersteling was monitored in the growth chamber with simulation of field temperatures of the season. On cvs Eersteling and Premiere, second-stage juveniles (J2), males, females and cysts of G. pallida populations were found 28, 56, 63 and 77 days after infestation with cysts (DAI), respectively. The number of degree days (DD) for G. pallida to complete its life cycle using a base temperature of 4°C was calculated 450 DD4. On cv. Ambassador, females of G. pallida were never observed. J2, males, females and cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected 42, 70, 70 and 84 DAI, respectively. This species needed 398 DD6 at a base temperature of 6°C to complete its life cycle. Observations in two fields and in microplots under prevailing weather conditions in 2013 revealed that cysts of G. pallida and G. rostochiensis were formed on June 12, when the accumulated degree days were 463 DD4 and 401 DD6, respectively. Our observations show that both species of Globodera develop earlier than was assumed based on previous data. Therefore, harvesting based on the accumulated heat above the basal development temperature required by PCN species can replace the set harvest date.
14 citations
TL;DR: Results of molecular and morphological analyses of a potato field population of Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) species, in Slovakia, show a mixed occurrence of two potato cyst nematode species, GlobodERA rostochiensis and G. pallida, in this locality, the first report of these economically important plant-parasitic species in the same locality in the Central Europe.
Abstract: In this work, we report results of molecular and morphological analyses of a potato field population of Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) species, in Slovakia. Unexpectedly, our data show a mixed occurrence of two potato cyst nematode species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, in this locality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mixed occurrence of these economically important plant-parasitic species in the same locality in the Central Europe. In addition, this finding reinforces the possibility of the cross-hybridization between these two nematode species that might result in a generation of new genotypes.
9 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the modifications in weed control regimes associated with the implementation of quarantine procedures could hamper the success of the golden nematode by favouring the multiplication of potential pest refuges.
7 citations
01 Jan 2014
TL;DR: The potential of Pseudomonas spp.
Abstract: TRIFONOVA, Z., I. TSVETKOV, N. BOGATZEVSKA and R. BATCHVAROVA, 2014. Efficiency of Pseudomonas spp. for biocontrol of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.). Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 666-669 The potential of Pseudomonas spp. as biocontrol agent against potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis was tested in pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. The best control of nematode population was provided by the bacterial strains Pseudomonas putida 3 (2) and Pseudomonas aurantiacea 13 (2). The plant growing parameters in the treatments enhanced as compared with the inoculated with Globodera rostochiensis. The two bacterial strains significantly reduced nematode popula tions by 40.7% - 42.2 % compared to the control.
5 citations
TL;DR: The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida, which is expected to be present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene.
Abstract: Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojic et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Sirca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.
3 citations
TL;DR: Huckleberry Gold is a purple-skin, yellow-flesh fresh market cultivar with similar culinary qualities to the market standard Yukon Gold, but has lower specific gravity, sucrose and vitamin C content, but a significantly higher level of tuber antioxidants.
Abstract: Huckleberry Gold is a purple-skin, yellow-flesh fresh market cultivar with similar culinary qualities to the market standard Yukon Gold. It has lower specific gravity, sucrose and vitamin C content, but a significantly higher level of tuber antioxidants than Yukon Gold. Notable disease resistant characteristics are Potato virus X resistance based on the presence of molecular markers for the PVX resistance genes, Nb and Rx1. In addition it also has the H1 gene present which confers resistance to the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, which has been confirmed by bioassay to pathotype Ro1. The size profile of Huckleberry Gold is smaller than Yukon Gold, allowing a better fit into specialty markets that are geared to smaller size for fresh use. Huckleberry Gold represents the first purple-skin, yellow-flesh cultivar to come from the Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development program.
3 citations
01 Jan 2014
2 citations
01 Feb 2014
2 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is concluded that methylation profiling of AGPaseB gene should be promising for the development of practical assays for resistance to nematodes in potato.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the application of various DNA markers as well as the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit (AGPaseB) gene methylation for the screening of potato cultivars and breeding lines with different resistance to Globodera rostochiensis. Tetraploid genotypes were included. The 2 kb and 0.7 kb random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) fragments as well as a PCR-amplified 1.6 kb fragment of AGPaseB gene positioned close to the Gro1 locus were tested. Two novel sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) fragments were generated from 2 kb RAPD product of susceptible and resistant genotypes. Significant correlation (r=0.32) was detected only between the presence of SCARI and SCARII fragments markers in all the investigated genotypes. Three different allelic forms of the AGPaseB gene were detected in tetraploid potato genotypes. One of these allelic forms may be closely linked with Gro1. A strong methylation occurred at promoter region and the 5' part of AGPaseB gene which was generally absent at its 3' UTR region. The methylation pattern of AGPaseB investigated by restriction with MspI and HpaII varied between some G. rostochiensis resistant and sensitive genotypes. We concluded that methylation profiling of AGPaseB gene should be promising for the development of practical assays for resistance to nematodes in potato.
01 Jan 2014
04 Apr 2014
TL;DR: Bu mantar turleri, Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Verticillium ve Alternaria cinslerine aittir, yine ayni sekilde bir onceki cinslere ait olan mantarlar ile iliskili olarak bulunmustur.
Abstract: Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) fields and Heterodera cruciferae Franklin from cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata subvar. rubra L.) fields and Heterodera schachtii Schmidt from sugar-beet (Beta vulgaris L.) fields in Turkey were collected and examined for the presence of fungi. Of the total of 196 cysts of G. rostochiensis, 39.7% were colonized by one or more of 7 different species of fungi, all of which were from the genera Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Gliocladium, Verticillium and Alternaria. Of the total of 136 cysts of H. cruciferae, 37.5% were colonized by one or more of 7 different species of fungi, all of which were from the genera Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Nematophthora, Periconia and Verticillium, and 38.9% of the 154 cysts of H. schachtii were colonized by one or more of 7 different species from the same genera.
Patent•
24 Sep 2014
TL;DR: In this article, a globodera rostochiensis SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker as well as a LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) fast detection method and application of the method is described.
Abstract: The invention relates to a globodera rostochiensis SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker as well as a LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) fast detection method and application of the method. The nucleotide sequence of the SCAR specific segment of the globodera rostochiensis which is obtained by virtue of amplification is as shown in SEQ ID NO1, and based on the SCAR specific segment, a pair of specific primers GrFI and GrRI is designed and used for obtaining the stable SCAR marker, and therefore, the SCAR marker can be used for specifically and quickly detecting globodera rostochiensis. Meanwhile, four LAMP primers, namely GrF3, GrB3, GrFIP and GrBIP, are designed according to the sequence of the SCAR segment; an LAMP reaction system is established, and the globodera rostochiensis can be detected fast by virtue of DNA extraction, isothermal amplification and color developing detection on the amplification product. The detection method is high in specificity, high in sensitivity, low in cost and simple and convenient to operate in two manners, namely SCAR-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and LAMP constant temperature, and thus has extremely high use value in the quick quarantine detection of the globodera rostochiensis.