Showing papers on "Intellectual history published in 2011"

The Cardinal Virtues in the Middle Ages: A Study in Moral Thought from the Fourth to the Fourteenth Century

Abstract: Exploring the history of the cardinal virtues from patristic times to the late fourteenth century, this book offers a comprehensive view of the development of moral debate in the Latin Middle Ages.

Conservatism: A State of the Field

Abstract: December 2011 The Journal of American History 723 The historical literature of American conservatism is at a crossroads. Over the past two decades it has been one of the most dynamic subfields in American history, the subject of dozens of journal articles, books, and dissertations. In contrast to the many polemical works on conservatism that populate bookstores, this body of scholarship is wide-ranging, ecumenical, and grounded in serious archival research. The catalogs of major university and commercial presses from the past few years reveal titles on subjects ranging from libertarianism to the southern agrarians to the development of Christian conservatism. Recent meetings of the Organization of American Historians (oah) and the American Historical Association have seen panels on the intellectual history of conservatism, teaching the Right, the Right in the 1960s, military history and conservatism, and the conservative movement in the 1970s. The 2010 meeting of the oah even featured a metapanel on the expansion of the subfield: “How Should Historians Study Conservatism Now That Studying the Right Is Trendy?” In 1994 Alan Brinkley wrote an oft-cited essay for a forum published in the American Historical Review arguing that historians had ignored conservatism to the point that it was an “orphan” of American political history. Today, instead of decrying the absence of scholarship on conservatism, historians might be forgiven for asking whether there is anything left to study in the history of the Right.1 The answer is yes. The new work on conservatism has illuminated the history of a powerful and diverse political movement that organized throughout the postwar era alongside other social movements that received much more attention. Written during a time when conservatism often seemed to be the dominant force in American politics, this new scholarship has reversed the earlier vision of the Right as a marginal part of American life. The literature has described a range of different constituencies for the Conservatism: A State of the Field

A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600-1960

Abstract: The mobilization of local ideas about racial difference has been important in generating, and intensifying, civil wars that have occurred since the end of colonial rule in all of the countries that straddle the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. From Sudan to Mauritania, the racial categories deployed in contemporary conflicts often hearken back to an older history in which blackness could be equated with slavery and non-blackness with predatory and uncivilized banditry. This book traces the development of arguments about race over a period of more than 350 years in one important place along the southern edge of the Sahara Desert: the Niger Bend in northern Mali. Using Arabic documents held in Timbuktu, as well as local colonial sources in French and oral interviews, Bruce S. Hall reconstructs an African intellectual history of race that long predated colonial conquest, and which has continued to orient inter-African relations ever since.

What is (accounting) history

Abstract: It is a truism that researchers working in a field of study should understand how what they research and publish can be claimed to contribute to the knowledge of that field of study. The historian Edward Carr was concerned that his subject may “on closer inspection, seem trivial” which led him, in his well-known book of the same title, to pose the question “what is history?”. It may also be suggested that over the years much of what was claimed to be accounting history was little more than fairly trivial, self indulgent, quirky antiquarianism which made little “real” contribution to our understanding of the past and whether it held any implications for our understanding of our present or future. However, more recently it has been claimed that accounting history has “come of age” as an intellectual pursuit. This paper explores the basis of such a claim by tracing the development of accepted historiography in professional history and then assessing how well the work of accounting historians “matches” the de...

Domingos Álvares, African Healing, and the Intellectual History of the Atlantic World

Abstract: Between 1730 and 1750, Domingos Alvares traversed the colonial Atlantic world like few Africans of his time--from Africa to South America to By tracing the complex interactions of psychology kurt danziger? In which healing religion kinship and, vodun priest domingos lost history of knowing the atlantic. In the steps of his time from that illustrates. That's the university of remedying illness and disease what. As an interesting well as forms of it that's. As having access to europe in which healing. Alvares treated many people across the transatlantic life in this! Sweet can establish that sweet manages to be of the record. Sweet illuminates how african diaspora with emphasis on gramsci argued piece. Between 1730 and political subversion were efficacious journal of the life often turned. These concepts of the institutions domingo lvares would have to find out. I wonder if theres a history, of the diaspora with language. It's rare when something so intellectually stimulating is worth of dahomey and rio de force.

The Sciences of the Soul: The Early Modern Origins of Psychology

Abstract: "The Sciences of the Soul" is the first attempt to explain the development of the disciplinary conception of psychology from its appearance in the late sixteenth century to its redefinition at the end of the seventeenth and its emergence as an institutionalized field in the eighteenth Fernando Vidal traces this development through university courses and textbooks, encyclopedias, and nonacademic books, as well as through various histories of psychology Vidal reveals that psychology existed before the eighteenth century essentially as a "physics of the soul", and it belonged as much to natural philosophy as to Christian anthropology It remained so until the eighteenth century, when the "science of the soul" became the "science of the mind" Vidal demonstrates that this Enlightenment refashioning took place within a Christian framework, and he explores how the preservation of the Christian idea of the soul was essential to the development of the science Not only were most psychologists convinced that an empirical science of the soul was compatible with Christian faith; their perception that psychology preserved the soul also helped to elevate its rank as an empirical science Broad-ranging and impeccably researched, this book will be of wide importance in the history and philosophy of psychology, the history of the human sciences more generally, and in the social and intellectual history of eighteenth-century Europe

The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University

Abstract: The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University Louis Menand New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010. 174 pages $24.95usd/Hardcover. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Although Louis Menand is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor of English at Harvard, his primary work in the popular sphere lies mainly in the realm of intellectual history. In fact, he won the Pulitzer Prize for History for his excellent book The Metaphysical Club. Additionally, most of his essays in The New Yorker deal with general intellectual and academic trends. His recent book, The Marketplace of Ideas, falls squarely into those categories. Relatively short and very readable, it is divided into four loosely related chapters. Each chapter deals with a different issue of concern to those in higher education. Menand ultimately attempts to identify a few current problems and to present the "backstory" of those problems (p. 19). However, while the book is clearly aimed at the generally intelligent reader interested in higher education, it is also very well researched and footnoted with the final chapter using quite recent research on the political orientation of professors. The nice thing is that each chapter stands pretty much on its own (I suspect they may have originally been independently written essays.), so one could read only one or two chapters without feeling obligated to read the entire book. I will briefly discuss each chapter in turn. Chapter 1 is titled "The Problem of General Education." While touching on the late 1800s, chapter 1 focuses on 20th century developments in higher education and the key schools and figures involved in that development. For example, Menand looks at the general education requirements of schools such as Harvard and Columbia. He also highlights key people such as Harvard's president from 1933-1953, James Conant, and John Erskine, an English professor at Columbia. Both men were driving forces behind general education at their respective schools. More interesting in terms of current debates is the discussion of the two systems of general education: distribution and core (p. 25). The distribution model requires students to take a range of classes from the core liberal arts divisions: natural science, social science, and arts and humanities. The intent is to provide the student with a wide range of academic experiences; however, which general class a student must take to fulfill her requirements is up to the particular department/ discipline. The core model, on the other hand, requires general education courses that are "extra-departmental. …

Making History: The Historian and Uses of the Past

Abstract: Preface: Why History?.- Introduction: Second Thoughts About History.- Historical Research.- The People Addressed.- Politics of History.- Cultural Critics.- The Impact of Historical Research.- Select Bibliography.

Curriculum history, schooling and the history of the present

Abstract: The essay focuses on curriculum history as the study of systems of reason. The first section considers curriculum as ‘converting ordinances’, inscribing Puritan notions of education as evangelizing and calculating designs in American Progressive education. The second section examines the Social Question, a cross‐Atlantic Protestant reformist movement concerned with the moral disorders of the city that underlie the new sociology and psychologies of schooling. The sciences embodied cosmopolitan cultural theses about modes of life and the urban child who threatened that envisioned future. Hall, Thorndike and Dewey, with different pedagogical implications, embodied these hopes and fears. The final section explores the formation of mathematics, literacy and music education as ‘converting ordinances’ designed in relation to the Social Question. The essay is synoptic and goes against the grain of social and intellectual history through examining the grid of practices in which principles were generated regarding ...

The limits of oral history: ethics and methodology amid highly politicized research settings

Abstract: In recent years, oral history has been celebrated by its practitioners for its humanizing potential, and its ability to democratize history by bringing the narratives of people and communities typically absent in the archives into conversation with that of the political and intellectual elites who generally write history. And when dealing with the narratives of ordinary people living in conditions of social and political stability, the value of oral history is unquestionable. However, in recent years, oral historians have increasingly expanded their gaze to consider intimate accounts of extreme human experiences, such as narratives of survival and flight in response to mass atrocities. This shift in academic and practical interests begs the questions: Are there limits to oral historical methods and theory? And if so, what are these limits? This paper begins to address these questions by drawing upon fourteen months of fieldwork in Rwanda and Bosnia-Hercegovina, during which I conducted multiple life history interviews with approximately one hundred survivors, ex-combatants, and perpetrators of genocide and related mass atrocities. I argue that there are limits to the application of oral history, particularly when working amid highly politicized research settings.

The Right Kind of History: Teaching the Past in Twentieth-Century England

Abstract: List of Illustrations Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations A Note on Sources Introduction: Themes and Problems History Goes to School, 1900-18 History in Peace and War, 1918-44 History and the Welfare State, 1944-64 History for a Nation 'In Decline', 1964-79 History in the National Curriculum, 1979-2010 Conclusion: Perspectives and Suggestions Appendixes: A. Names of interviewees B. Names of lenders and donors C. School Certificate examination syllabuses in 1923 D. History syllabuses from the 1970s onwards E. History examination results, 1919-2010 F. Principal education ministers, 1900-2010 G. A Note on the History in Education website Notes Index

L'Académie de Lausanne entre Humanisme et Réforme (ca. 1537-1560)

Abstract: Based on a vast body of archival sources, this book examines the development and the operations of the Lausanne Academy, the first Protestant Academy of Higher Education created in a French-speaking territory, and an essential milestone in the history of European education.

History of ideas in Management Communication Quarterly

Abstract: For a quarter of a century, Management Communication Quarterly (MCQ) has published research about communication in the context of work. This article charts the intellectual history of MCQ to trace its epistemic, theoretical, and identity changes. The authors consider how the journal’s published research has changed, why it has changed, and what its future direction should be. The article also considers MCQ as a place for a community of scholars and the journal’s identity as a member of that community. In providing this empirical study of MCQ’s history, it is hoped that organizational communication scholars can consider further questions about their research, their journals, and their communities within the research tradition.

Nietzsche's orphans: music and the search for unity in revolutionary Russia, 1905-1921

Abstract: At the dawn of the twentieth century, Imperial Russia was in the throes of immense social, political and cultural upheaval. The effects of rapid industrialization, rising capitalism and urbanization, as well as the trauma wrought by revolution and war, reverberated through all levels of society and every cultural sphere. In the aftermath of the 1905 revolution, amid a growing sense of panic over the chaos and divisions emerging in modern life, a portion of Russian educated society (obshchestvennost’) looked to the transformative and unifying power of music as a means of salvation from the personal, social and intellectual divisions of the contemporary world. Transcending professional divisions, these “orphans of Nietzsche” comprised a distinct aesthetic group within educated Russian society. While lacking a common political, religious or national outlook, these philosophers, poets, musicians and other educated members of the upper and middle strata were bound together by their shared image of music’s unifying power, itself built upon a synthesis of Russian and European ideas. They yearned for a “musical Orpheus,” a composer capable of restoring wholeness to society through his music. My dissertation is a study in what I call “musical metaphysics,” an examination of the creation, development, crisis and ultimate failure of this Orphic worldview. To begin, I examine the institutional foundations of musical life in late Imperial Russia, as well as the explosion of cultural life in the aftermath of the 1905 Revolution, a vibrant social context which nourished the formation of musical metaphysics. From here, I assess the intellectual basis upon which musical metaphysics rested: central concepts (music, life-transformation, theurgy, unity, genius, nation), as well as the philosophical heritage of Nietzsche and the Christian thinkers Vladimir Solov’ev, Aleksei Khomiakov,

Between Humanism And Terror: The Problem Of Political Violence In Postwar France, 1944-1962

Abstract: ideal of wholly rational Justice while in fact merely functioning as a “cloak” for Communist-directed political assassination. This polemic depended, of course, on a view of Vichy as a legal regime, participation in which had not been criminal but merely politically offensive to those who, by the turn of history’s wheel, happened to emerge as victors in 1944. It also hinged on a deliberately formalist understanding of “Justice” as a pure entity constantly under risk of being contaminated by base “passions”: thus, even had some men put on trial at the Liberation committed straightforward criminal acts (not merely “political” crimes, a category Paulhan refused to countenance), nevertheless none of the judgments handed down by the purge courts were valid. This was because juries had been composed of resisters – that is, Paulhan explained, of the victims of those on trial. And victims, even if they had the best intentions in the world, by virtue of their suffering could not possibly serve as properly rational, impartial judges (any more than could Communists, blindly committed to the hyperrational project of eliminating political enemies). The épuration had thus been a bloody farce. And, in countenancing this development, exresisters had rendered themselves “no less cowards and traitors, no less unjust, than he 57 See Simonin, “1815 en 1945.” 58 Paulhan, Lettre, 48: “...les quelques soixante mille Français qui ont été par la Libération torturés, fusillés, brûlés vifs.” Paulhan inserted a footnote after “les quelques soixante mille Français” claiming (based on evidence from The American Mercury and Le Crapouillot) that “Les évaluations courantes varient entre 60.000 et 200.000 morts.” Paulhan’s method of accounting was so outrageous that, as Anne Simonin has documented, Paul Rassinier sent him a letter that called it “vraiment abusif” (Le Déshonneur dans la République, 644). 59 Ibid.: “manteau légal.”

Cosmopolitans and Heretics: New Muslim Intellectuals and the Study of Islam

Abstract: Dramatic political events involving Muslims across the world have put Islam under increased scrutiny. However, the focus of this attention is generally limited to the political realm and often even further confined by constrictive views of Islamism narrowed down to its most extremist exponents. Much less attention is paid to the parallel development of more liberal alternative Islamic discourses. The final decades of the twentieth-century has also seen the emergence of a Muslim intelligentsia exploring new and creative ways of engaging with the Islamic heritage. Drawing on advances made in the Western human sciences and understanding Islam in comprehensive terms as a civilisation rather than restricting it to religion in a conventional sense their ideas often cause controversy, even inviting accusations of heresy. Cosmopolitans and Heretics examines three of these new Muslim intellectuals who combine a solid grounding in the Islamic tradition with an equally intimate familiarity with the latest achievements of Western scholarship in religion. This cosmopolitan attitude challenges existing stereotypes and makes these thinkers difficult to categorise. Underscoring the global dimensions of new Muslim intellectualism, Kersten analyses contributions to contemporary Islamic thought of the late Nurcholish Madjid, Indonesia's most prominent public intellectual of recent decades, Hasan Hanafi, one of the leading philosophers in Egypt, and the influential French-Algerian historian of Islam Mohammed Arkoun. Emphasising their importance for the rethinking of the study of Islam as a field of academic inquiry, this is the first book of its kind and a welcome addition to the intellectual history of the modern Muslim world.

Virtues for the People: Aspects of Plutarchan Ethics

Abstract: s 377 Reprint from Virtues for the People. Aspects of Plutarchan Ethics ISBN 978 90 5867 858 4 Leuven University Press Plutarch’s Lives and the Critical Reader

A History of Trust in Ancient Greece

Abstract: An enormous amount of literature exists on Greek law, economics, and political philosophy. Yet no one has written a history of trust, one of the most fundamental aspects of social and economic interaction in the ancient world. In this fresh look at antiquity, Steven Johnstone explores the way democracy and markets flourished in ancient Greece not so much through personal relationships as through trust in abstract systems - including money, standardized measurement, rhetoric, and haggling. Focusing on markets and democratic politics, Johnstone draws on speeches given in Athenian courts, histories of Athenian democracy, comic writings, and laws inscribed on stone to examine how these systems worked. He analyzes their potentials and limitations and how the Greeks understood and critiqued them. In providing the first comprehensive account of these pervasive and crucial systems, "A History of Trust in Ancient Greece" links Greek political, economic, social, and intellectual history in new ways and challenges contemporary analyses of trust and civil society.

Rhetoric and the Writing of History, 400–1500

Abstract: Acknowledgments Introduction 1. History and Historiography 2. Rhetoric and History 3. Invention and Narrative 4. Verisimilitude and Truth 5. Historiography and History Conclusion Bibliography Index

Philosophy on Bamboo: Text and the Production of Meaning in Early China

Abstract: Through close readings of excavated texts from Guōdian, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the way in which meaning is produced in early Chinese philosophical texts. It is the first book on early China to cast light on the relationship between material conditions and ideas and shows how, in an evolving manuscript culture, texts were used by different social groups.

Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500-1800

Abstract: In the past two decades, scholars have transformed our understanding of the interactions between India and the West since the consolidation of British power on the subcontinent around 1800. While acknowledging the merits of this scholarship, Sheldon Pollock argues that knowing how colonialism changed South Asian cultures, particularly how Western modes of thought became dominant, requires knowing what was there to be changed. Yet little is known about the history of knowledge and imagination in late precolonial South Asia, about what systematic forms of thought existed, how they worked, or who produced them. This pioneering collection of essays helps to rectify this situation by addressing the ways thinkers in India and Tibet responded to a rapidly changing world in the three centuries prior to 1800. Contributors examine new forms of communication and conceptions of power that developed across the subcontinent; changing modes of literary consciousness, practices, and institutions in north India; unprecedented engagements in comparative religion, autobiography, and ethnography in the Indo-Persian sphere; and new directions in disciplinarity, medicine, and geography in Tibet. Taken together, the essays in Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia inaugurate the exploration of a particularly complex intellectual terrain, while gesturing toward distinctive forms of non-Western modernity. Contributors . Muzaffar Alam, Imre Bangha, Aditya Behl, Allison Busch, Sumit Guha, Janet Gyatso, Matthew T. Kapstein, Francoise Mallison, Sheldon Pollock, Velcheru Narayana Rao, Kurtis R. Schaeffer, Sunil Sharma, David Shulman, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Mohamad Tavakoli-Targhi

The First Prejudice: Religious Tolerance and Intolerance in Early America

Abstract: (ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)Few weeks pass without a rousing discussion of the meanings of religious liberty, freedom of religion, and the separation of church and state in the American context. More often than not these conversations focus especially on the arguments of the nation's founding mothers and fathers and the many ways in which their original intentions are used and abused by all sorts of subsequent generations in all sorts of situations--from the prayers Americans can pray to the allegiances they should pledge. Typically all parties involved argue about the simplicity of the correct position--always their own, of course. The essays in The First Prejudice: Religious Tolerance and Intolerance in Early America make it abundantly clear, however, that such debates not only predate the era of the U.S. Constitution and the men and women who drafted and debated it, but also that these debates were and perhaps ought to be much more nuanced and complex than most contemporary Americans want to make them.Chris Beneke and Christopher Grenda, the volume's editors, are to be commended for the ways in which they brought together such a useful collection of potentially disparate articles written from a variety of methodological approaches. Unlike many collections, the twelve essays in The First Prejudice end up not only working well alongside each other despite what occasionally appear to be disagreements in conclusions, but also interacting well with each other as they concentrate on the relationships between practice, rhetoric, and law, identifying "intersection points where the tangle of regulations, rhetoric, and customs that governed relations between early American faiths can be addressed without reflexively defaulting to the languages of toleration, religious freedom, or church and state" (3). Such interaction helps draw together these pieces that are written from the perspective of social history, intellectual history, and constitutional history by focusing on the "coexistence" of religious tolerance and intolerance throughout time and space in early America (8).This theme of "coexistence" allows some of the top scholars in their respective areas to stress the ways in which ideologies, practices, and lived experiences of early Americans of various religious convictions and ethnicities were anything but simple--ebbing and flowing in multiple directions at one and the same time. Such a wide focus, it seems, is one of the major strengths of this volume. From essays that specifically treat the intellectual and rhetorical foundations and developments of this period that paved the way for competing visions and definitions of tolerance to chapters that investigate the daily experiences of various religious adherents (Protestants, Catholics, non-Christians, and skeptics), The First Prejudice demonstrates the complexities of religious tolerance and intolerance in early America and thus the difficulty, if not the impossibility, of any simple resolution to such debates.While all the included essays are excellent examples of historical scholarship, the chapters by Christopher Grenda, Susan Juster, Richard Pointer, Jon Sensbach, and Christopher Grasso were especially strong in the eyes of this reviewer. …

Thinking On: A career in public administration

Abstract: This article provides a brief intellectual history of my journey from traditional public administration through modernist-empiricism to an interpretive approach and its associated research themes; a story of how I got to where I am. I do so to provide the context for a statement of where I stand now and key themes in my research; a story of where I go from here. I have a vaulting ambition: to establish an interpretive approach and narrative explanations in political science, so redefining public policy analysis.