Showing papers on "Intermittent energy source published in 1999"
TL;DR: The ability of renewable resources to provide all of society's energy needs is shown by using the United States as an example, and the issues of energy payback, carbon dioxide abatement, and energy storage are addressed.
Abstract: The ability of renewable resources to provide all of society's energy needs is shown by using the United States as an example. Various renewable systems are presented, and the issues of energy payback, carbon dioxide abatement, and energy storage are addressed. Pathways for renewable hydrogen generation are shown, and the implementation of hydrogen technologies into the energy infrastructure is presented. The question is asked, Should money and energy be spent on carbon dioxide sequestration, or should renewable resources be implemented instead.
1,454 citations
TL;DR: A time-dependent model of a stand-alone, solar powered, battery-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system was developed to investigate energy storage options for cases where supply and demand of energy are not well matched daily or seasonally, and the cost of storing energy with a hybrid energy-storage scheme was found to be much less expensive than either single storage method.
211 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the performance of wind energy converters, solar water heating systems and photovoltaic systems for different types of locations and concluded that the latter two technologies tend to be better than the former.
Abstract: Calculation of Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) of various energy systems and the computation of their Energy Yield Ratio (EYR) suggests that one single renewable energy technology cannot be said to be the best. Due to the difference in availability of renewable energy sources, their suitability varies from place to place. Wind energy converters, solar water heating systems and photovoltaic systems have been analysed for different types of locations. Comparing the general bandwidth of performance of these technologies, however, the wind energy converters tend to be better, followed by solar water heating systems and photovoltaic systems.
73 citations
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: It is shown that the capacity credit decreases (in percent of the resource's installed capacity) as the installed capacity increases, including the resource capacity credit as a function of resource installed capacity.
Abstract: The paper addresses the problem of computing the capacity credit for renewable energy resources. Wind, solar, and mini-hydro resources are often considered as energy resources with a negligible capacity value. The rationale is that one cannot depend on those resources to meet the load demand. However, one can depend on them to a certain extent. Hence, their capacity credit is nonzero. The paper reviews the literature on the subject, proposes a procedure to compute the capacity credit, and presents numerical results. The procedure is probabilistic, but uses simulation for the computation of complex distribution functions such as residual demand distribution and the resource's power distribution function. Numerical results are shown, including the resource capacity credit as a function of resource installed capacity. Namely, it is shown that the capacity credit decreases (in percent of the resource's installed capacity) as the installed capacity increases.
18 citations
15 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the role that collaboration with the hydro-based Scandinavian countries can offer, and particularly looked at the conditions of the Nordic power pool, asking whether it will be possible profitably to trade wind power in such a pool system.
Abstract: In 1996, the Danish government launched an ambitious energy plan, Energy 21, describing a way to develop the energy sector in a more sustainable direction. Wind power plays an important role in the plan, and as a consequence there will be a very high penetration of wind energy in the electricity sector. This will put in focus issues of fitting a variable energy source into a stable supply system. The present study investigates the role that collaboration with the hydro-based Scandinavian countries can offer, and particularly looks at the conditions of the Nordic power pool, asking whether it will be possible profitably to trade wind power in such a pool system. The result is that wind power can indeed be integrated into the system as planned in Energy 21, with a supply security as high as currently, and with average trading costs constituting 11% of the average price obtained by selling wind power to the pool.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an overview of current state of the industry and offer a projection of wind energy's potential as a renewable sustainable source of energy, based on their own analysis.
13 citations
28 Sep 1999
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the development of a computer program for determining the most cost effective energy source to supply the required load at any given time of the day in a grid.
Abstract: Renewable energy systems are increasingly being applied in areas where grid extension is considered uneconomical. Their costs can be minimised through proper equipment sizing and load matching. This paper discusses the development of a computer program for determining the most cost effective energy source to supply the required load at any given time of the day.
5 citations
TL;DR: The 1998 IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) Summer Meeting sponsored a panel session on “Market Forces Propelling Renewable Energy Technologies.” Panelists reviewed the current status of renewable energy technology programs in relation to the evolution of competitive electricity markets.
Abstract: uring the 1998 IEEE Power Engineering Society (PES) Summer Meeting, the Energy Development and Power Generation Committee sponsored a panel session on “Market Forces Propelling Renewable Energy Technologies.” Panelists reviewed the current status of renewable energy technology programs in relation to the evolution of competitive electricity markets. Discussions focused on how regulatory and market drivers are being used to sustain and grow renewable energy technology development with particular focus on California’s market. California has nearly 6,600 MW of independently-owned and utility-owned renewable power capacity. This includes geothermal, solid fuel biomass, wind, small hydro, solar, landfill gas, digester gas, and municipal waste facilities. These facilities represent about 12 percent of electricity consumed in California. Policy measures to encourage renewable electricity technology development, including research and development to reduce cost and improve efficiency, tax credits, information dissemination, policy, 0 Digital Stock ket; who are the green power marketers?; what are the products?; how is the green power market impacting renewable generators and the environment?; the impact of nonmarket actors; and early lessons and future prospects. Objectives to accelerate appropriate integration of wind power for utility applications was also discussed. The session was chaired by T.J. Hammons (University of Glasgow, United Kingdom) and J. McConnach (Ontario Hydro, Toronto, Canada). The panel session was organized by Peter Meisen (Global Energy Network Institute, San Diego) and Murray Paterson (Ontario Hydro Green Energy Project). The following presentations are summarized in this article: Renewable Energy and Electricity Restructuring: The California Model, by Michal C. Moore and Marwan H. Masri, Califomia Energy Commission Selling Green Power in California: Product, Industry, and Market Trends, by Ryan H. Wiser and Steven J. Pickle, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory The Future of Renew. and legislative mandates, were among the topics highlighted. Selling green power in California was considered in the presentations, including such topics as:’methods; size of the marables in the New California Marketplace, by Wayne P. Sakarias, San Diego Gas and Electric Company Integration of Wind Power for Utility Applications, by Robert Putman, Utility Wind Interest Group. This article summarizes presentations given ut the 1998 Summer Meeting panel session on “Market Forces Propelling Renewable Energy Technologies ’I The session was sponsored by the PES Energy Development and Power Generation Committee, organized by P Meisen and M Paterson, and chaired by T J Hammons and J McConnach
3 citations
01 Jan 1999
TL;DR: In this paper, the design considerations of a sustainable renewable energy system are described. But the principal objective for the sustainability system is to demonstrate the principles of using energy in a sustainable way.
Abstract: This paper details the design considerations of a sustainable renewable energy system. It has been prepared following a research project in Auckland. The principal objective for the sustainability system is to demonstrate the principles of using energy in a sustainable way. Renewable energy is variable, both on a daily and on a seasonal basis. Energy use is also variable, depending on the type of services required. Hence, some form of storage or connection to the mains is required to provide 'annual sustainability' (energy generated over the year equals energy consumed over the year). The energy requirements are generally seasonal in character: heat and light energy demand are lowest in summer and greatest in winter due to the seasonal variation in ambient weather conditions. The readily usable forms of renewable energy are also seasonal in character: with most solar energy available during the summer and most wind energy available during the winter. Heat and light energy demand generally mirror wind energy availability, i.e. greatest demand is during the winter months.
2 citations