Showing papers on "International human rights law published in 1983"

The African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

Abstract: Preface. Abbreviations. 1. Introduction to Human Rights - Definition and Content. 2. Human Rights in Historical Perspective. 3. Civil and Political Rights. 4. Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 5. Group Rights. 6. Duties in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 7. The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights. 8. Autochthony in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 9. Morality in the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. 10. The African Charter and Municipal Systems. 11. Other Recourse Procedures. 12. Comparison of the African Charter with Other Major Human Rights Instruments. 13. Prospects for Human Rights in Africa. 14. Bibliography. 15. Appendices.

World human rights guide

Abstract: Despite the recent significant surge in concern for the cause of human rights, over half the world's population live under regimes which deny the most basic human freedoms. Drawing on the records of official bodies, unofficial monitors, and individuals who have suffered or witnessed abuses, this survey provides comprehensive information on the human rights records of over 120 countries. Assessing the performance of each state according to guidelines set in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the book covers both traditional human rights, such as democratic elections, freedom of speech, learning, association and travel, and a number of broader issues, including censorship, phone tapping, summary execution and torture, and the independence of the courts. This guide is intended for anyone interested in human rights comparisons world-wide.

The Canadian charter of rights and freedoms

Abstract: Can human rights and freedoms be guaranteed by writing them into a state's constitution? Adopted in 1982, the Canadian Charter— influenced by the US Bill of Rights and the creation of the UN system—aims to do just this. Judge Maxwell Cohen finds the Charter a quite coherent effort to state new ‘rights’ and restate old principles which gives judges a vital role in moulding public policy.

The Full-Belly Thesis: Should Economic Rights Take Priority Over Civil and Political Rights? Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa

Abstract: What freedom has our subsistence farmer? He scratches a bare living from the soil provided the rains do not fail; his children work at his side without schooling, medical care, or even good feeding Certainly he has freedom to vote and to speak as he wishes But these freedoms are much less real to him than his freedom to be exploited Only as his poverty is reduced will his existing political freedom become properly meaningful and his right to human dignity become a fact of human dignity' -Julius K Nyerere, President of Tanzania

The United Nations commission on human rights

Abstract: (1983). The United Nations commission on human rights. Terrorism: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 577-585.

The international law of human rights

Abstract: Paul Sieghart now brings together for the first time in one volume all the substantive international law of human rights. He first introduces the subject and then considers, one by one, the approximately forty rights, with full cross references.

Human rights and world politics

Abstract: By the 1980s the concept of internationally recognized human rights was being reinforced by a growing body of international law and by the multiplication of agencies concerned with such matters as torture in Paraguay, slavery in Mauritania, the British use of force in Northern Ireland, and starvation and malnutrition in East Africa and Southeast Asia. No matter how much a national leader might find it more convenient to focus on other matters, some world organization or private group could be counted on to keep the issue of universal human rights alive. Because the subject is particularly timely, David P. Forsythe has revised Human Rights and World Politics, first published in 1983. For this second edition, Forsythe has updated all chapters and completely rewritten the one on U.S. foreign policy to include the second Reagan administration. After a brief history of the evolution of human rights in international law and diplomacy, he surveys human rights standards as developed by the United Nations and other official organizations. Moving from the definitive core of law, Forsythe turns to the interpretation and implementation of rights agreements; the role of private or unofficial organizations such as Amnesty International and the Red Cross; the relationship between civil-political and socio-economic rights; the role of human rights in U.S. foreign policy, particularly under Carter and Reagan; and lobbying in Washington by human-rights interest groups. In all, Forsythe's exhaustive research and careful analysis bring clarity and concreteness to a subject too often obscured by rhetoric. David P. Forsythe, a professor of political science at the University of Nebraska, is the author of Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy: Congress Reconsidered (1988) and other works.

First Principles of Racial Equality: History and the Politics and Diplomacy of Human Rights Provisions in the United Nations Charter

Abstract: Repulsed by atrocities and shocked by the slaughter of millions, representatives from many countries gathered immediately after World War II to assess the cause of the catastrophe they had just experienced. Of all the possible explanations they could have used, these diplomats felt compelled to focus upon only one. "The great and terrible war which has now ended," they poignantly concluded, "was a war made possible by the denial of democratic principles of the dignity, equality, and mutual respect for men, and by the propagation, in their place, through ignorance and prejudice, of the doctrine of the inequality of men and races."' The horrors of this war represented neither the first case of discrimination and the denial of human rights in international politics, nor the last. But their blatant, widespread, and abhorrent nature brought into focus an issue described as "extremely complex,"2 "burning," 3 one of "great delicacy" for the world,4 and, indeed, as

Minority Rights: A Comparative Analysis

Abstract: The unprecedented mass movement of populations since World War II has increased tensions among groups of people by breaking down the homogeneity of older countries and increasing the fragility of newly independent states encompassing several minorities within their borders. These changes, according to author Jay Sigler, dictate the necessity of clarifying human and minority rights. He highlights the main points of minority rights, traces their history, and demonstrates their distinctly modern features. Sigler considers the theoretical implications of minority versus individual and collective rights and examines the efforts in this area made by the United States, India, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Finally, he proposes his own provisional theory of minority rights.

Decision-Making at the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 1979-82

Abstract: Since 1946 the United Nations Commission on Human Rights has operated as the first international body empowered to promote all the human rights of all the world's people.' The Commission's annual sessions combine elements of diplomacy, legislative policy-making, and quasi-judicial inquiry in a decision-making process that serves both political interests and legal ideals. Which individuals, states and regional groups have been most influential in recent Commission decision-making? What procedural rules govern the conduct of meetings? How do political factors influence the results? This article describes and evaluates the Commission's personnel, procedure, and politics from 1979 through 1982 using information derived from personal interviews, United Nations documents, and secondary sources.2 A brief introductory section details the significant changes in the Commission's

The Left and Rights: A Conceptual Analysis of the Idea of Socialist Rights

Abstract: 1. Reformists and Revolutionaries 2. The Moralism of Rights 3. The Legalism of Rights 4. The Coerciveness of Rights 5. The Individualism of Rights 6. Socialism and Human Rights 7. Justificatory Principles 8. Political Rights: Freedom of Expression 9. Economic Rights: The Right to Work 10. Welfare Rights

Human Rights versus Occupational Medicine

Abstract: This paper examines the conflict between the medical monitoring of workers and human rights. A lead regulation in force in Ontario, despite its absolute conflict with an important guideline established by the Canadian Human Rights Commission, is presented as an example of the erosion of human rights by certain legislated activities in occupational medicine. The question of whether the benefits of occupational medical activities outweigh the disadvantages attendant upon the erosion of human rights is raised. It is concluded that these are political and ethical issues, not merely technical ones, and should be debated publicly.

Property Rights and Human Rights: Efficiency and Democracy as Criteria for Regulatory Reform

Abstract: (1983). Property Rights and Human Rights: Efficiency and Democracy as Criteria for Regulatory Reform. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 915-930.

International Law and the Status of Women.@@@Dignity and Honor of Women as Basic and Fundamental Human Rights.

Abstract: The chapter on Trusteeship Council procedures for dealing with petitions contrasts them with those of other UN organs. The author notes the usefulness of participation by the administering power in the discussions (p. 147), recalling his earlier stress on the legitimizing value of drawing accused governments into Resolution 1503 dialogues. While this Council's method, unlike the 1503 procedure, gets high marks for dealing with individual cases, it is that of the Human Rights Committee, a treaty-created body under the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, that rates being called \"the best procedure within the U.N. system for the examination of petitions\" (p. 361), and \"the only attempt within the U.N. system to deal with cases from individuals in a quasi-judicial procedure and to render an opinion on the merits of the case\" (p. 363). Tightening-up is needed regarding Zuijdwijk's notion of a \"law of the United Nations\" (p. 238) as to human rights, also called \"U.N. human rights law\" (pp. 315, 380), a corpus of rules binding on states without their explicit consent. He should also find out from Humphrey and others, and explain to his readers, why the 1963 South Vietnam investigating team rushed home the day after a new regime invited it to stay (p. 237). Also to be explained is why the report found no facts but only restated the evidence (p. 239). A strong case is made for the usefulness of hearing witnesses testify (p. 349) and for rules of procedure adopted in advance (p. 330), but there is no discussion of the possible usefulness of cross-examination. The final conclusion, that a new body should replace the Sub-Commission, is given only a portion of the book's last paragraph and should be either supported or dropped.