Showing papers on "Landscape planning published in 2000"

The living landscape : an ecological approach to landscape planning

Abstract: Chapter 1: Introduction. Chapter 2: Identifying Issues and Establishing Planning Goals. Chapter 3: Inventory and Analysis of the Biophysical Environment. Chapter 4: Human Community Inventory and Analysis. Chapter 5: Suitability Analysis. Chapter 6: Planning Options and Choices. Chapter 7: Landscape Plans. Chapter 8: Continuing Citizen Involvement and Community Education. Chapter 9: Testing Planning Concepts Through Design. Chapter 10: Plan and Design Implementation. Chapter 11: Administration of Planning Programs. Chapter 12: Conclusion.

Landscape Ecology in Action

Abstract: Foreword F.B. Golley. Preface. Part I: Principles, Theory, and Methods. 1.1. The Birth of Landscape Ecology: An Important Heritage. 1.2. Towards an Unified Thgeory. 1.3. Definition of Landscape. 1.4. The Dimension of Landscape. 1.5. Landscape Typologies and Functions. 1.6. Emerging Properties of Landscape. 1.7. Ecological Concepts Incorporated into the Landscape Paradigm. 1.8. Processes in Landscape. Part II: Landscape Evaluation. 2.1. Exploring Evaluation Procedures. 2.2. Landscape Evaluation and Scale. 2.3. Concepts and Procedures of Landscape Evaluation. 2.4. Tools for Evaluating the Structure and Functions and Land Mosaics. Part III: Management and Conservation of Landscapes. 3.1. Some Concepts in Management and Conservation. 3.2. Landscape Approach to Management and Conservation: Exploring New Dimensions. 3.3. Large Scale Landscape Management. 3.4. Multiple Scale Investigation and Management. 3.5. Constraints in Managing. 3.6. Types of Management. 3.7. Managing Patterns. 3.8. Managing Processes. 3.9. Managing Functional Areas. 3.10. Conserving the Landscape. 3.11. Perspectives in Management and Conservation. Acting in Landscape Ecology: Concluding Remarks. References. Glossary & Acronyms. Species Index. Author Index. Subject Index.

Geography and landscape science

Abstract: The study of the landscape was once the main subject of study in geography. Now, it is a core topic in many disciplines, such as geography and ecology, soil science and land survey, landscape architecture and planning, psychology and philosophy, history and archaeology. This essay analyses how this evolution came about in Europe in general and focuses then upon the Belgian situation. Landscape is still seen as a dynamic synthesis between the natural and cultural environment of a region. At the same time it is the expression of the consecutive human attitudes towards the occupied and organised land. Landscapes have a unique history that is part of their identity. The meaning of the word landscape is multiple and so is the research related to the landscape. From local and regional monographs the study of landscape became transdisciplinary and landscape science emerged as an international network of researchers of very different training but sharing the same interest. All are trying to understand the complex interactions between structured landscapes elements and relational processes and their significance for human valuation and attempts to organise and maintain the land in a sustainable fashion.

Aspects of landscape or nature quality

Abstract: Landscape or nature quality has become a key concept in relation to nature policy and landscape planning. In the first part of the article it is argued, that these qualities should not be conceived as mere expressions of private or subjective preferences. Even though there may not be any `objective' or `scientific' method dealing with them, they are still values which can be shared, reflected on, and discussed in a reasonable way. The connoisseurs are introduced as experienced persons, who are particularly capable of identifying different kinds of qualities, bridge builders between cognition and evaluation. The second part of the article deals with four central sets of landscape or nature qualities: qualities related to species diversity, qualities related to the `atmospheres' and characters of places, pictorial qualities, and qualities related to narrativity. It is argued that experience of these and similar qualities are an important part of human flourishing, and that they should therefore all have a prominent place in landscape planning.

The New Reading the Landscape: Fieldwork in Landscape History

Abstract: Contents Woodlands, forests and parks landscapes of colonization lines in the landscape routeways status, authority and the landscape landscapes of belief villages, hamlets and farmsteads reading the fieldscape defence in the landscape

Eden by Design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew Plan for the Los Angeles Region

Abstract: In 1930, the Olmsted Brothers and Harland Bartholomew & Associates submitted a report, "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches for the Los Angeles Region", to the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. After a day or two of coverage in the newspapers, the report dropped from sight. The plan set out a system of parks and parkways, children's playgrounds, and public beaches. It is a model of ambitious, intelligent, sensitive planning commissioned at a time when land was available, if only the city planners had had the fortitude and vision to act on its recommendations. "Parks, Playgrounds, and Beaches" has become a highly valued but difficult-to-find document. In this book, Greg Hise and William Deverell examine the reasons it was called for, analyze why it failed, and open a discussion about the future of urban public space. In addition to their introduction and a facsimile reproduction of the report, Eden by Design includes a dialogue between Hise, Deverell, and widely admired landscape architect Laurie Olin that illuminates the significance of the Olmsted-Bartholomew report and situates it in the history of American landscape planning.

Landscape planning for sustainability: Community participation in estuary management plans

Abstract: England's estuaries are among the UK's most beautiful landscapes and important ecological resources. They have become increasingly threatened by conflict between users and by the opposing priorities of stakeholders. Government recognition in 1992 of the need for a strategic approach to estuary planning and management led to the introduction of the Campaign for the Living Coast initiative by English Nature which encouraged the local production of Estuary Management Plans (EMPs) based on the principles of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM). An assessment of two case studies from the north-east coast of the UK shows that assessment of the success of such projects is difficult but that the process is as important as the product. Implementation of landscape improvement is slow because of the nature of landscape change, but the development of a more integrative management framework which is sensitive and responsive to local conditions and needs seems to be leading to a greater coherence in the appearance...

Visitors' Landscape Preferences as a Tool for Management of Recreational Use in Natural Areas: A case study in Sierra de Guadarrama (Madrid, Spain)

Abstract: The Sierra de Guadarrama is a valuable natural area, with ecological problems of degradation due to the high number of visitors from nearby Madrid. Visitors' landscape perception of the Sierra de Guadarrama is influenced by the activities they practise and, in the same way, their attitudes and expectations are not independent of the fact of practising one or another activity. Differences and conflicts between users are highlighted, and some recommendations for a better recreational use of the landscape are suggested.

Landscape research, landscape policy and Earth observation

Abstract: 'Landscape' refers explicitly to spatial structures of outdoor environments and the role of these structures in nature and society. Since repetitive land coverages of Earth observation systems such as SPOT (Systeme Probatoire pour l'Observation de la Terre) and Landsat provide a wealth of landscape images from local to continental scale, one would expect a more systematic use of these data by landscape researchers and planners than is currently the case. This paper states that the divergence between the central goals, vocabularies and methods in the distinct fields of landscape research, landscape policy and remote sensing may be prohibiting a systematic implementation. Examples are given in which the methodological steps necessary to bridge the gaps between these fields are explained. These are based on experiences in remote sensing data analysis for landscape ecological and landscape planning projects. The coverage over extensive areas, the grid format and the multi-temporal facility remain major assets...

An ecological focus for landscape planning

Abstract: It is argued that landscape plans should be informed by species requirements, should show an understanding of supporting biological and physical processes, and should attempt to ensure process integrity. With these in place, there is a growing battery of ecological approaches to inform all levels of planning, from strategic documents to development control. However, to be effective, firm policy foundations are essential.

Landscape quality assessment of South Australia

Abstract: The object of this thesis is to provide, through a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality, a comprehensive basis on which to develop a credible methodology for the largescale assessment of perceived landscape quality. The analysis of human perception and interaction with aesthetics and landscape quality is gained by inquiring in depth into a range of theoretical constructs from key disciplines, cultural aspects, and empirical studies covering: • the contribution of philosophers to aesthetics • the psychology of perception and colour • the contribution of Gestalt psychology to aesthetics • the psychoanalytical construct of human responses to aesthetics • the influence of culture on landscape preferences, tracing the changing perceptions of mountains, the portrayal of landscapes in art, and the design of parks and gardens • a review of over 200 surveys of landscape quality in the late 20 century, including typologies and theories of landscape quality Based on the analysis of these and the knowledge gained, an empirical study is formulated and conducted, comprising a study of landscape quality of South Australia, an area of nearly 1 million km. This involves, firstly, the acquisition of data covering the delineation of landscape character regions for the State, photography of these landscapes, derivation of a set of representative slides, and rating of these by groups of participants. Secondly, these preference ratings are comprehensively analysed on the basis of the attributes of the scenes covering land form, land cover, land use, water bodies, naturalism, diversity and colour. Thirdly, the results are applied as follows: • a map of landscape quality of South Australia is derived • the results are used to predict the effect that changes in land use (e.g. clearance of trees) will have on landscape quality • the theoretical constructs of landscape quality are evaluated on the basis of the preference ratings • a protocol is detailed to guide the undertaking of large-scale landscape quality assessment The thesis thus fulfils the objective of conducting a thorough analysis of human perception and interaction with, aesthetics and landscape quality, to provide a basis for developing a credible methodology for the large-scale assessment of perceived landscape quality. Andrew Lothian Landscape Quality Assessment of South Australia vi

Towards an effective integration of forest inventories and natural resources surveys: the Italian perspective

Abstract: International and regional efforts to define a suitable list of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management show the new role of forestry within the environmental sector and the need for an effective integration of forest inventories in natural resources surveys. This paper examines the potential of forest inventories to support such needs, with specific reference to the Italian situation as a case study, in the enlarged framework of the European Union. In this country, where forest policy is mainly administrated at the local level, forest inventories have been on the increase since the late seventies, in spite of the many applications, a substantial sporadicalness in the adoption of inventory for forest planning and control, and a marked productive perspective can be stressed, although the high variability internal to the country in economic viability, ecological diversity, and assessment capabilities by different authorities has to be mentioned. The opportunity for simple monitoring and inventory systems focused on an overall assessment of forest attributes is devised. The field of landscape ecology can represent a common communication base to integrate the different matters in a holistic manner, solving problems in landscape planning and management. Geographic information system methodologies offer the means to operatively address this approach.

Landscape perspectives of land use changes

Abstract: Modelling landscape changes in The Netherlands - the Central City belt case study biodiversity and landscape planning - an alternative future for the region of Camp Pendelton, CA, USA predicting future landscapes of islands in Seto Island Sea, Japan suburbanization and landscape change in Connecticut - repetition of the patterns in Estonia and elsewhere in Central Europe? assessment of nature conservation scenarios - species or landscape structure? A case study in the Madrid region (Spain).

Towards Sustainable Landscape Planning: Experiences from the Wye Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty

Abstract: The role of Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) partnerships in the planning and management of landscapes is assessed. It is particularly explored how the AONB partnerships can provide focus for environmental planning through their strategies and the role they play in building consensus between different actors. The study is contextualized in light of recent findings from the Countryside Agency Review of AONBs, and the general move in environmental planning towards seeking integrated and sustainable solutions. A case study of the Wye Valley AONB is used in order to explore the types of collective ventures for landscape planning under the themes of landscape planning for visual amenity, planning for sustainable tourism and integrated rural land management.

Landscape planning and ecology construction of wetland comprehensive protected area system in the Sanjiang Plain

Abstract: Wetland is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the earth. The main purpose of establishing wetland protected area is to protect biodiversity, and the protection of ecosystem diversity and landscape diversity is the key to protect biodiversity. In order to protect regional ecosystem and landscape, it is a good way to establish wetland comprehensive protected area which connected wetland nature reserves by habitat corridors. The Sanjiang Plain as a study area, its landscape evaluation index system on wetland protected area was studied, and some problems on landscape planning and ecology construction were further approached in this paper.It showed that establishing wetland comprehensive protected area is very important to protect regional wetlands, to maintain ecological balance, and to improve the sustainable development of agriculture and industry in this region.

On the Nature of Things: Contemporary American Landscape Architecture

Abstract: Landscape architecture is a unique discipline where art, nature and the city converge and enter into an exciting dialogue. In the USA, the country of vast open plains and spacious towns, the great tradition of life in confrontation with nature plays an equally important role in landscape architecture as the acute problems of the built environment or social problems within the community. Design methods and practise in landscape architecture form the focus of this book, complemented by an analysis of the theoretical aspects of the subject. Perceptive portraits of 13 offices span the whole breadth of landscape design, from the post-ecological utopia of Michael Sorkin (New York/Vienna) to the urban pragmatism of the Roma Design group (San Francisco), from the ecological approach of the Philadelphia group Andropogon, also active in Japan, to the minimalist landscape art of Kathryn Gustafson (Seattle/London/Paris). The author is a freelance landscape architect in New York. His detailed knowledge of the contempo

Analysis and evaluation of nature space potential in peri-urban spaces using remote sensing data and gis

Abstract: The rapid change of running modifications and processes simultaneously require and enable the execution of a landscape monitoring. With latest methods and geo-information data an important contribution can be made in particular to monitor and evaluate developments being carried out. The landscape monitoring dedicates itself to the check and the prognosis of state and dynamics from natural to technical ecological systems. In this project an analysis and an evaluation of the nature space potential for the suburban space are to be made by means of remote sensing methods including geographical information systems (GIS). With the results derived a progress control of desired planning goals can be made. Furthermore, planning deficiencies can be discovered, and potentials for an influencing control can be shown to planning authorities of such cultural landscapes. The project assesses the suitability of IRS-1C&D data for diverse planning requirements, e.g. updating land use plans, municipal survey maps, maps of urban structure types and biotopes, surface-sealing surveys, and working maps for landscape planning. It also examines the potential of IRS-1C&D data to provide the basis for updated general data drawn to a scale of 1:25,000. This paper focuses on the use of IRS-1C data for automatic classification in urbanised areas and on the application of a space reference model to analyse regional structures of certain classes with a stress on gradients between an urban centre and its suburban surroundings. Later on, the project will test the application of very high resolution data such as IKONOS data for certain test sites that are of special interest. First very high resolution data are to be acquired and further research will then be undertaken.

Coastal Landscape Ecology: Involving the community

Abstract: To farmers, the message is that MAFF is committed to agri-environment schemes. Whilst the CSS is a competitive scheme, the increase in budget means that, at present, there is a greater likelihood that an application will be accepted if it Žts in with regional targets and offers value for money. A factor often overlooked is the funding necessary to design and run schemes. It is estimated that currently MAFF/FRCA require at least 400 years of staff time annually for this. There is, therefore, a clear need to pursue ways of simplifying the scheme to reduce running costs whilst, at the same time, maintaining the quality of the agreements. Schemes are regularly reviewed and all RDR schemes will be reviewed in mid term to examine their effectiveness and value for money. The message to landscape ecologists is that, based on expert advice, ways need to be found of adding environmental/landscape value to the scheme through targeting and promoting contiguous/intra-farm agreements. From the landscape-ecological point of view, it is also important to note that AE schemes are increasingly being administered in a spatially targeted manner. The main basis for this is the Countryside Character Areas developed by the Countryside Agency. English Nature’s ‘Natural Areas’ and Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) targets are also very important as the schemes are a major mechanism for BAP delivery. New agreements can also be targeted with the aid of a geographical information system (GENi), developed by the FRCA and available throughout the Agency. However, experience suggests that most successful contiguous agreements are derived from farmers recommending the scheme to each other, or by major landowners adding land to their existing agreements. Both ESAs and the CSS are multi-objective schemes which seek to promote biodiversity, cultural heritage and public access. It is a difŽcult balance to strike, but the latest commitment to a steadily increasing budget, year on year, will help to improve the countryside in all these ways.

Visible Archaeological Remains in Towns and Parks

Abstract: This paper relates a specific and professional understanding of the nature of archaeological sites to management needs and approaches. It focuses on how the nature of the resource itself relates to a system of valuation, conservation and preservation. The perspective taken is that of the contribution of landscape planning to the development of tourism and heritage management. One of the central aims is to explain the visual values of archaeological remains in the landscape, relating them to the different measures of preservation available for archaeological sites. Examples are included from Latvia and other European countries.