Showing papers on "Leasehold estate published in 1981"

Radical Protest and Social Structure: The Southern Farmers' Alliance and Cotton Tenancy, 1880-1890

Abstract: \"Michael Schwartz's book is really three books in one an analysis of the structural changes that produced one of the most oppressive social systems the world has known (the one-crop cotton tenancy economy and the system of institutionalized racism and authoritarian one-party politics that was required to preserve the fragile economic arrangement); a theoretical analysis of the origins, mobilization, and outcome of insurgent challenges; and a meticulous application of that theory to the rise and collapse of the Populist movement.\" Craig Jenkins, \"Theory and Society\" \

The Economic Theory of Agricultural Land Tenure

Abstract: Preface 1. Introduction 2. Political economists and land 3. The analytical framework 4. Farming and investment decisions under owner-occupancy 5. Farming and investment decisions under tenancy 6. Rental market: fixed rent tenancies 7. Rental market: share-rent tenancies 8. Agricultural land values 9. The operating and ownership structures 10. Evaluations and comparison of land tenure systems Notes Bibliography Index.

Agricultural Tenancy Fresh Evidence from Dryland Areas in India

Abstract: Dryland Areas in India N S Jodha Farm-level data on agricultural tenancy in three agro-climatic zones of India confirm earlier findings. These are that the agricultural landmarket in India is largely a tenancy market.

Farmers without Farms: Agricultural Tenancy in Nineteenth-Century Iowa

Abstract: A systematic examination of Midwestern land tenancy, this book is based on extensive research in manuscript censuses and county records, including those which shed light on tenancy rates before the federal census began providing data in 1880.

The northfield report: structural policy and agricultural efficiency

Abstract: A brief review of the Northfield Report on the Acquisition and Occupancy of Agricultural Land emphasises its general acceptance of the existing situation. An opportunity has been missed to develop more far reaching conclusions in respect of a policy area where scope for national initiative within the EEC remains. Although the Committee took an efficient agriculture as a principal objective its definition is not discussed and the only factual evidence quoted is the analysis by Britton and Hill based on the Farm Management Survey. The appropriateness of this is questioned and some alternatives are suggested. The Britton/Hill analysis does not give particular support for the Committee's advocacy of a family-based farm structure. The Committee sees value in a let sector but expects its decline to continue. Nationalisation of agricultural land as the most direct route back to tenancy is rejected. Yet there is a need for the continuity of ownership to avoid leakages through capital taxes and family transfers. Nationalisation may be infeasible and in its absence, an alternative would be to positively discourage continuing owner occupation and over time to develop an effective land tax to recover support costs.

Land Banking in Stockholm: An Evaluation of Municipal Residential Leasehold as a Public Finance and Housing Subsidy Instrument

Abstract: In this study the performance of Stockholm's municipal residential leasehold program as a public finance and housing subsidy tool is assessed for the period 1910-1970. The program has yielded an average annual return of 5.5 percent—mainly in the form of unrealized capital gains—which compares favorably with the city's capital costs (4.8 percent). Ground charges have been below market, implying subsidies to leaseholders. The subsidies have mainly benefitted first owners of single-family homes erected on city owned land. By charging market lease fees an annual average return of 7.3 percent could have been earned. The additional revenue, distributed through the Swedish housing allowance scheme, would represent a far more efficient housing subsidy.

Rural factor markets in Pakistan

Abstract: Four important and inter-related issues in the economics of agriculture in developing countries are production efficiency, tenancy, technological innovation and rural-urban migration. These issues are examined in this study by analysing the working of rural factor markets using empirical evidence on selected farmers in four villages and an important sub-division in Pakistans Punjab province. The pattern of land holding in Pakistan suggests that land is very unequally distributed. This observation is the basis for may proposals of land reform. It has been argued that inequality in land distribution is undesirable per se as well as because it leads to inefficiency in agricultural production. Empirical evidence from the villages suggests that an inverse relationship exists between farm size and productivity thus lending support to the second part of the argument. Explanations in terms of the working of rural land and labour markets are offered for the existence of the relationship. Tenancy is important in Pakistan. Its existence is explained in terms of adjustments in factor endowments by landowners and landless cultivators given that markets for labour and draught power operate imperfectly. Different tenurial contracts imply different sets of incentives that influence decisions regarding resource allocation on the farm. The empirical evidence suggests that adjustments are made - such as devising cost-sharing, input stipulation and supervision arrangements - to ensure that different tenurial contracts are equally efficient. It is argued that despite the apparent difficulties of access to 'green revolution' technology inputs due to imperfections in their distribution and scarcity of rural credit, small farms use inputs such as high yield variety seeds and chemical fertilizers no less intensively compared to the large farmers. The evidence suggests that new markets for factor services and intricate but more accessible networks of fertilizer and seed distribution may have developed to facilitate the use by small farmers. The relationship between migration and rural credit markets is examined. It is argued that migration may improve the credit ratings of households and thus may facilitate borrowing in the rural credit market. Detailed comments are also made on the role of other rural-end variables such as non-farm income, mechanization, output per capita, education and available land per capita in influencing the decision to migrate. The underlying theme of the study is the analysis of operations in rural factor markets. We analyse, carefully, interactions in these markets and then examine some important aspects of policies in the light of our analysis of the four issues.

6.7 A short report on an artificial insemination project in the African areas of Zimbabwe

Abstract: African areas in the context of Zimbabwe refer to those parts of the country normally inhabited by the indigenous people. They constitute some 16.4 million ha and nearly half the country. Nine tenths of this land are communally owned by subsistence farmers and referred to as Tribal Trust Lands. The remaining one tenth is held on an individual, freehold or leasehold basis and is known as the Purchase land areas.